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Query: UMLS:C0040584 (tracheitis)
 384 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

As the main target of influenza viral aggression, the respiratory tract is subject to easier bacterial infection superimposition. The researchers from Les Laboratoires Servier--France, managed to isolate a substance--fusafungine--from the microspore of the fungus Fusarium lateritium, which demonstrates unique anti-inflammatory and antibiotic action, and is the active ingredient of Bioparox Spray, an inhalant. The principal indications of Bioparox Spray for treatment of respiratory tract infections fall within the range from the sinuses to the finest alveolar duct, namely: rhinitis, sinusitis, tonsillitis, pharyngitis, laryngitis, tracheitis and bronchitis. In terms of technology Bioparox is unique due to the fact that 90% of the aerosol particles are less than one micron large, while generally the particles needed for penetration through the alveolar duct should be less than three microns. Due to such micronization, after inhalation Bioparox Spray reaches from the sinuses to the finest bronchial branches. Bioparox Spray possesses sound and broad antibiotic spectrum of action on the most common causative agents of respiratory infections, and more over, it acts upon Candida albicans, unlike the remaining broad-spectrum antibiotics. Bioparox Spray also has an independent anti-inflammatory effect by blocking the inflammation mediators: Bioparox Spray inhibits the synthesis of free radicals and the action of IL1 and TNF as pro-inflammatory factors, and it potentiates the action of IL2 and interferon-gamma which are anti-inflammatory factors. By its dual antibiotic and anti-inflammatory action Bioparox Spray is an excellent alternative to the conventional antibiotic therapy.
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PMID:[An alternative to conventional antibiotic therapy in respiratory infections--Bioparox Spray]. 1098 75

Beginning at the end of March 1999, a syndrome characterized by severe depression, anorexia, fever, and respiratory and enteric symptoms appeared in flocks of turkeys and, to a lesser extent, of chickens in the densely populated poultry-rearing regions of northeast Italy. The disease was characterized by sinusitis, tracheitis, peritonitis, and pancreatitis. The mortality varied between 5% and 90%. The disease was diagnosed as low pathogenic avian influenza, H7N1 serotype. After a summer period of declining cases, the disease reappeared in autumn exclusively in turkeys. Since the middle of December 1999, many farms of chickens, turkeys, and guinea fowl were abruptly affected by a highly pathogenic H7N1 virus, with very severe depression and mortality up to 100% in a few days. By the end of March 2000, nearly 500 farms, representing over 15 million birds, were affected or depopulated. To date, control measures have focused on improved biosecurity measures. Vaccine was not allowed, but its use was debated.
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PMID:Avian influenza epidemic in Italy due to serovar H7N1. 1133 92

Adult male turkeys were exposed to Mycoplasma gallisepticum isolate 1010 by either intratracheal inoculation, intrasinus inoculation, intranasal inoculation or by contact with inoculated turkeys. The symptomatic, serologic, and pathologic responses to the different types of exposure were compared. Tracheitis occurred only in birds exposed intratracheally or by contact, and sinusitis occurred only in birds exposed via the sinuses. Antibody titers, determined by hemagglutination-inhibition and tube agglutination tests, were initially higher in turkeys exposed by intratracheal and intrasinus inoculation than in those exposed by other means. There were no appreciable differences among the four groups in incidence or severity of air sac lesions. In addition, the effects of intrasinus exposure to isolate 1010 were compared with those produced by similar exposure to a different isolate, M. gallisepticum isolate 1150. Isolate 1010 caused a slightly higher incidence of sinusitis, but a much lower incidence of tracheitis than isolate 1150. Air sac lesions did not differ in incidence or severity. The differences observed indicate differences in tissue predilection of the isolates.
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PMID:SEROLOGIC, PATHOLOGIC, AND SYMPTOMATIC ASPECTS OF MYCOPLASMOSIS OF TURKEYS. 1430 Aug 56

In a prevalence study, we evaluated whether recurrent physician-attended URTI episodes are more common in asthmatic children as compared to age- and gender-matched controls. URTI proneness, defined as > or = 5 episodes of rhinitis/pharyngitis, sinusitis, laryngitis/tracheitis or otitis media in a 24-month period, was more common in asthmatics than controls (adjusted odds ratio 2.5, 95% confidence interval: 1.1-6.1). As a consequence, antibiotic prescriptions and referrals to hospitals occurred more frequently among asthmatics than controls.
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PMID:Is asthma in 2-12 year-old children associated with physician-attended recurrent upper respiratory tract infections? 1456 Oct 50

In March 1999 a syndrome characterized by depression, anorexia, fever, and respiratory and enteric signs appeared in many flocks of turkeys and, to a lesser extent, chickens in the densely populated poultry-rearing regions of Northeastern Italy. Initially the disease was characterized by sinusitis, tracheitis, peritonitis, and pancreatitis. The responsible agent was identified as low-pathogenicity (LP) avian influenza (AI) of H7N1 subtype. Concerning the light layers, the mortality was variable, from 1.7% to 9.5%, whereas egg production decreased by 10% to 40%. According to the epidemiologic data, chickens seemed to be less sensitive to the virus than were turkeys. Nine months later, the AI virus changed to a highly pathogenic (HP) AI virus and affected, besides turkeys, a great number of pullet and layer flocks, with high mortality (80%-100%) in a few days. However, the course of disease was more prolonged in pullets. Within 3 1/2 mo, over 100 outbreaks were reported. Following the HPAI outbreaks, in late 2000 and early 2001, LPAI reemerged, but only one flock of layers was affected.
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PMID:Avian influenza attributable to serovar H7N1 in light layers in Italy. 1457 37

The bird examined was a 10-week-old female Gouldian finch (Chloebia gouldiae) from an aviary that had housed about 100 Gouldian finches, which had nasal discharge, dyspnoea, anorexia, depression and a very high mortality (50%) in both adult and young birds. Gross and histopathology revealed moderate to severe lymphoid depletion in the bursa of Fabricius and thymus, and sinusitis/rhinitis, tracheitis, bronchopneumonia, myocarditis, nephritis and splenitis. Circovirus infection was diagnosed in the Gouldian finch based on finding characteristic globular intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies containing 15 to 18 nm virus particles in the mononuclear cells of the bursa of Fabricius by transmission electron microscopy and by demonstrating circovirus DNA in the cytoplasm of mononuclear cells of the bursa of Fabricius by in situ hybridization using a circovirus-specific DNA probe. The Gouldian finch was also affected by concurrent bacterial and adenovirus infections. This is the first report of circovirus infection in a Gouldian finch.
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PMID:Circovirus infection in a Gouldian finch (Chloebia gouldiae). 1554 33

An outbreak of tracheitis, sinusitis, and conjunctivitis, originating in recently imported birds, caused high morbidity and mortality in a flock of finches in Central Illinois. Although several species were present, Gouldian finches (Erythrura [Chloebia] gouldiae) were most commonly and severely affected. Birds submitted for necropsy displayed microscopic lesions characteristic of herpesviral infection, including epithelial cytomegaly and karyomegaly with basophilic, intranuclear inclusion bodies in the nasopharynx, sinuses, trachea, parabronchi, conjunctiva, and occasionally the lacrimal gland or proximal proventricular glands. Viral particles consistent with herpesvirus were visualized within affected epithelial cells with electron microscopy. Based on a partial sequence of the viral DNA polymerase gene, this virus was found to be identical to a herpesvirus previously implicated in a similar outbreak in Canada and is most likely an alphaherpesvirus.
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PMID:Outbreak of herpesviral conjunctivitis and respiratory disease in gouldian finches. 1709 53

The objective of the study was to evaluate the possible association between maternal acute respiratory infectious diseases (ARID) during pregnancy and birth outcomes. Newborn infants born to mothers with or without ARID as reference were compared in the population-based large data set of newborns without any defect in the Hungarian Case-Control Surveillance System of Congenital Abnormalities. Main outcome measures were birth weight and gestational age at delivery, in addition the rate of preterm births and low birthweight newborns. Of 38,151 newborns, 3,455 (9.1%) had mothers with ARID during pregnancy which were differentiated according to six manifestations from sinusitis to the pneumonia. Mothers with ARID in pregnancy had a longer (0.3 week) gestational age at delivery (adjusted t = 5.4; p < 0.0001) and a lower rate of preterm births (6.7% vs. 9.4%) [adjusted odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.72, 0.63-0.83] than mothers without ARID. However, severe ARID (bronchitis-bronchiolitis and particularly pneumonia) associated with a higher rate of preterm births (13.0%, adjusted OR with 95% CI: 1.4, 1.1-1.8), while mild ARID (sinusitis, pharyngitis, tonsillitis, laryngitis-tracheitis) resulted in a lower rate of preterm births (5.5%, adjusted OR with 95% CI: 0.5, 0.4-0.7). In conclusion, there was an obvious correlation between severity of ARID in pregnant women and rate of preterm births.
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PMID:Maternal acute respiratory infectious diseases during pregnancy and birth outcomes. 1802 89

Four-to-seven-week-old broilers with swollen head syndrome (SHS) from 4 different districts of Japan were examined for pathological, microbiological and biochemical findings. Periocular and mandibular subcutaneous swelling, sometimes accompanied by ocular, hepatic and cardiac lesions were observed. Histologically, diffuse fibrinopurulent inflammation with focal granulomatous lesions was characteristic of subcutaneous tissue of the head, especially periocular tissue. The air spaces of the cranial bones and middle ear showed fibrinopurulent inflammation. Upper respiratory lesions (rhinitis, sinusitis and tracheitis) were always present in chickens with SHS. The characteristic lesions of chicken colibacillosis, i.e. fibrinopurulent serositis, panophthalmitis, fibrinous thrombi in sinusoids of the liver and fibrinous exudation in the ellipsoids and lymphoid follicles of the spleen, were occasionally seen. No virological agents could be isolated. Turkey rhinotracheitis (TRT) virus gene was detected in tracheas from two flocks by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and serum antibodies against TRT virus were present. Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were isolated from subcutaneous lesions. Serum alpha(1)-acid glyco-protein, an acute phase protein, was present at high concentration in chickens with SHS. This study suggests that upper respiratory lesions induce E. coli invasion into subcutaneous connective tissue adjacent to the infraorbital sinus and nasal cavity, and SHS in this study may possibly be a local infection of E. coli in facial subcutaneous connective tissue.
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PMID:Swollen head syndrome in broiler chickens in Japan: Its pathology, microbiology and biochemistry. 1848 97

Two types of trichomoniasis, respiratory and intestinal, were found in two duck farms. Based on the morphological features, the organism was identified as Tetra-trichomonas anatis. In the first outbreak, main clinical signs were bilateral swelling of infraorbital sinuses, sneezing and profuse diarrhoea with high fatality (300/400) in young ducks. Histological lesions were confined to the upper respiratory tract and lower small intestine and consisted of mucofibrino-purulent sinusitis and catarrhal rhinitis, tracheitis and enteritis. The protozoa appeared frequently in the infraorbital sinuses, the respiratory region of the nose, and the lower small intestine, but rarely in the trachea. In the second outbreak, the lesions were limited to the lower small intestine with catarrhal enteritis in adult ducks clinically showing profuse diarrhoea and low mortality.
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PMID:Respiratory and intestinal trichomoniasis in mule ducks. 1848 34


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