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Query: UMLS:C0040584 (tracheitis)
 384 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The outbreak of the disease occurred in a large multiple-age farm with about 50,000 meat turkeys, where groups of 6-8000 one-day-old birds were stalled up every 14 days. All the turkey poults housed were affected mostly in the 1.-3. week of the life. The respiratory disease spread rapidly within the flocks and were characterised clinically by inclination of huddle, ruffled feathers, anorexia, stunted growth, swelling of the infraorbital sinus and nasal discharge. The clinical apparent disease lasted 3 to 4 weeks on the average in the affected flocks and were associated with a mortality from 7-20 percent. The main pathoanatomical lesions were catarrhal-fibrinopurulent rhinitis, sinusitis, tracheitis, bronchopneumonia and air sacculitis as well as atrophy of the thymus. Fibrinous adhesive peri- and epicarditis, perihepatitis, miliary necrotic foci in the liver and diarrhea have been found less frequently. The results of cultural and serological examinations of moribund and dead turkey poults of 6 different flocks indicate that Bordetella avium and Chlamydia psittaci are the primary inciting agents of the respiratory disease. However, the following severe course of the disease were mainly caused by concurrent infections with Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. pneumoniae, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas fluorescens. In some cases coccidiosis with lesions in ceca were additionally diagnosed. Campylobacter jejuni could be always isolated culturally from the liquid cecal content of diseased birds.
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PMID:[Multicausal infectious respiratory tract disease of young fattening turkeys]. 155 65

In fattening turkeys 2.5 weeks of age a respiratory disease associated with coughing, nasal discharge and swelling of the infraorbital sinus was seen. Pathological findings in diseased turkeys were sinusitis, tracheitis, pneumonia and aerosacculitis. Virological investigations of trachea, kidney and intestine in SPF-chicken embryos resulted in the isolation of a virus, that could be identified as a paramyxovirus type 3 due to chemical-physical, biological, morphological and immunological properties. The pathogenicity of the isolate 324/86 to turkeys was shown in a test with three weeks old turkey poults. This is the first isolation and identification of a paramyxovirus-3 of turkeys in Germany.
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PMID:[Isolation of a paramyxovirus-3 from turkeys with respiratory tract disease in Germany]. 182 71

For many years Branhamella catarrhalis was regarded as a non-pathogenic inhabitant of the respiratory tract. This article outlines the spectrum of B. catarrhalis disease in childhood and the extent of the evidence for a pathogenic role of the organism. B. catarrhalis is a rare etiologic agent in septicemia, meningitis, and other systemic illness in both apparently normal and immunocompromised infants and children. It is an unusual cause of ophthalmia neonatorum, but can be confused with Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Whether or not B. catarrhalis is acquired from the birth canal in these cases has not been established. B. catarrhalis is most common as a respiratory tract pathogen in children, including pneumonia, bacterial tracheitis, sinusitis, and otitis media. Since it is difficult to rigorously document pathogenicity of any bacterium in bronchopulmonary infections in children, it is probable that the spectrum of B. catarrhalis disease is wider than that reported to date. The evidence for pathogenicity in acute otitis media is more extensive than for other infections. Otitis media due to B. catarrhalis is clinically similar to that due to other pathogens. B. catarrhalis can be isolated in pure culture from the middle ear exudate and persists if there is no antibacterial treatment. Gram-negative intracellular and extracellular diplococci can be seen on smears of the inflammatory exudate. There is preliminary evidence that there is an antibody response in B. catarrhalis otitis media. B. catarrhalis has emerged as an important and common pathogen in neonates, infants, and children.
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PMID:Spectrum of disease due to Branhamella catarrhalis in children with particular reference to acute otitis media. 211 Oct 87

The existence of catharreal respiratory symptoms (such as pharyngitis, tracheitis, bronchitis etc.) is established as the usual manifestation of "exanthema subitum" due to acute human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6) infection. But so far pneumonia, purulent sinusitis, purulent otitis media and/or acute obstructive bronchitis (bronchiolitis) in infants and children have not been described. Here we report the results of observations of 2 children with bronchopneumonia/sinusitis maxillaris and severe bronchiolitis associated with an acute HHV-6 infection. Other respiratory viruses were excluded as agents causing the ARD.
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PMID:Acute obstructive respiratory diseases (ARD) and bacterial complications of ARD (pneumonia, sinusitis) in infants and children associated with human herpesvirus-6 infection. 825 11

An outbreak of conjunctivitis and severe respiratory disease occurred in an integrated chukar partridge (Alectoris graeca) operation that involved about 8000 birds. The main clinical features were conjunctivitis and sinusitis and frequent mouth breathing, but almost no gasping or coughing. In 1000 breeders, egg production declined from 73% to 20%. Morbidity reached 100%, and losses from mortality and culling approached 60%. At necropsy, a conjunctivitis (often bilateral) and extensive caseated sinusitis were common. There was an occasional slight mucoid tracheitis, but no significant air sac lesions were noted. Mycoplasma gallisepticum, designated strain GM1125, was isolated and identified. Exposure of susceptible chukars to GM1125 reproduced the field disease. GM1125 was reisolated from the conjunctiva of all exposed birds 12 days postinfection, but infrequently from there or the respiratory system 36 days postexposure, even though clinical disease was still present. The experimental disease was confined to the conjunctiva and the upper respiratory tract. An occasional mucoid tracheitis was noted, but generally, the lungs and air sacs were not involved. Infection was followed by an appreciable serological response to M. gallisepticum.
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PMID:Experimental reproduction of Mycoplasma gallisepticum disease in chukar partridges (Alectoris graeca). 879 Aug 93

Nine turkey flocks with basophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies, suggestive of adenovirus, within the epithelial cells of the tracheal mucosa were studied. Respiratory signs and increased mortality occurred in turkeys between 6 and 10 wk of age from nine commercial turkey meat flocks in central California. Necropsy findings included tracheitis and occasional mild sinusitis. Histopathology of the tracheas revealed epithelial deciliation, squamous metaplasia, large basophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies within epithelial cells, and lymphoplasmatic inflammation in the mucosa. Electron microscopy of the mucosa revealed hexagonal viral particles, approximately 73 nm in diameter, consistent with adenovirus within the nuclei of epithelial cells. All tracheal sections were negative for adenovirus group II by specific immunoperoxidase staining. Adenovirus group I was isolated from the trachea. In addition, Bordetella avium, Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale, and Klebsiella pneumoniae were isolated from the tracheas of three, three, and two flocks, respectively. Statistically greater total mortality and a smaller percentage of marketed turkeys were observed in the submitted flocks than in randomly selected flocks. No significant difference was observed between the two turkey groups in market weight, feed conversion, or percentage of grade "A" turkeys.
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PMID:Inclusion body tracheitis associated with avian adenovirus in turkeys. 977 61

Antibiotic resistance is associated with prior receipt of antibiotics. An analysis of linked computerized databases for physician visits and antibiotic prescriptions was used to examine antibiotic prescribing for different respiratory infections in preschool children in Canada. In 1995, 64% of 61,165 children aged <5 years made 140,892 visits (mean, 3.6 visits per child) for respiratory infections; 74% of children who made visits received antibiotic prescriptions. Antibiotics were prescribed to 49% of children with upper respiratory tract infection, 18% with nasopharyngitis, 78% with pharyngitis or tonsillitis, 32% with serous otitis media, 80% with acute otitis media, 61% with sinusitis, 44% with acute laryngitis or tracheitis, and 24% with influenza. Acute otitis media accounted for 33% of all visits and 39% of all antibiotic prescriptions. The estimated Canadian-dollar cost of overprescribing was $423,693, or 49% of the total cost of antibiotics ($859,893) used in this group. This population-based study confirms antibiotic overprescribing in Canada.
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PMID:Antibiotic prescribing for Canadian preschool children: evidence of overprescribing for viral respiratory infections. 1043 79

An avian pneumovirus (APV) was isolated from commercial turkeys in Colorado (APV/Colorado) showing clinical signs of a respiratory disease. The results of virus neutralization and indirect fluorescent antibody tests showed that the APV/Colorado was partially related to APV subgroup A but was unrelated to APV subgroup B. Turkeys experimentally inoculated with the APV/Colorado were observed for signs, lesions, seroconversion, and virus shedding. Thirty-six 7-wk-old turkeys were distributed into three groups. Eighteen turkeys were inoculated oculonasally with APV/Colorado, six were placed in contact at 1 day postinoculation (DPI), and 12 served as noninoculated controls. Tracheal swabs and blood samples were collected at 3, 5, 7, 10, 14, and 21 DPI. Tissues were collected from three inoculated and two control turkeys on aforementioned days for pathologic examination and APV isolation. Inoculated turkeys developed respiratory disease, yielded APV at 3, 5, and 7 DPI, and seroconverted at 10 DPI. Contact turkeys yielded APV at 7 and 10 DPI. No gross lesions were observed in the turbinates, infraorbital sinuses, and trachea. However, microscopic examination revealed acute rhinitis, sinusitis, and tracheitis manifested by congestion, edema, lymphocytic and heterophilic infiltration, and loss of ciliated epithelia. The inflammatory lesions were seen at 3 DPI and became extensive at 5 and 7 DPI. Active regenerative changes in the epithelia were seen at 10 and 14 DPI. Serologic survey for the presence of antibodies in commercial turkeys (24,504 sera from 18 states) and chickens (3,517 sera from 12 states) to APV/Colorado showed seropositive turkeys in Minnesota, North Dakota, and South Dakota and no seropositive chickens. This report is the first on the isolation of an APV and APV infection in the United States.
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PMID:Experimental and serologic observations on avian pneumovirus (APV/turkey/Colorado/97) infection in turkeys. 1073 40

Patients with respiratory pathologies in the forms of tracheitis, rhino-sinusitis, and asthma sometimes have symptoms of gastro-oesophageal reflux, that should be taken into consideration in order to treat the co-factors associated with the etiopathology. However, these patients, because of their respiratory handicaps, are frequently unwilling to submit themselves to traumatic investigations. Oesophageal scintigraphy, because of its perfect tolerance and reliability, seems to be an examination that is adapted to the situation to resolve this dilemma.
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PMID:[Value of esophageal scintigraphy in exploration of a gastro-esophageal reflux in a respiratory patient]. 1090 Apr 91

To investigate the etiology and clinical features of croup syndrome, clinical records of hospitalized children with a diagnosis of croup syndrome were reviewed from April 1990 to January 1996. There was a total of 132 children, aged between three months and seven years with a mean age of 21.3 +/- 16.8 months. A diagnosis of laryngotracheobronchitis was made in 123 (93.2 percent) children. Twenty-three pathogens were identified in twenty-two of them, including seven parainfluenza viruses, five respiratory syncytial viruses, four influenza A viruses, four Mycoplasma pneumoniae, and three adenoviruses. Bacterial tracheitis was confirmed by bronchoscopic examination in seven cases (5.3 percent). Cultures of the respiratory secretions yielded viridans streptococci in six and Staphylococcus aureus in one child. Two children (1.5 percent) had spasmodic croup. No case with epiglottitis was noted in the present study. A fever lasting for more than three days was noted in five (71 percent) children with bacterial tracheitis and thirty-five (28 percent) children with laryngotracheobronchitis (p = 0.048). Among children with laryngotracheobronchitis, an associated diagnosis of pneumonia, acute otitis media, or paranasal sinusitis was more frequently observed in those with fever > 3 days (40 percent) than those with a shorter duration of fever (17 percent, p = 0.013). In conclusion, a child with a longer duration of fever and more severe manifestations of airway obstruction probably has a bacterial cause of croup syndrome or a bacterial complication. Bacterial tracheitis is more common than epiglottitis in Taiwan.
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PMID:Croup syndrome in children: five-year experience. 1091 Jun 24


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