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Query: UMLS:C0040584 (tracheitis)
 384 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR), a herpesvirus infection of cattle, has diverse clinical manifestations. Known mainly as a respiratory tract disease characterized by tracheitis, rhinitis, and fever, IBR plays a prominent role among causes of undifferentiated bovine respiratory disease and abortion. It also causes conjunctivitis, infectious pustular vulvovaginitis, balanoposthitis, and rarely, encephalitis. The virus is readily transmitted and has worldwide distribution. Some cattle develop a latent infection, which can be reactivated. The disease can be diagnosed by clinical signs and lesions and by a variety of virologic and immunologic techniques. Control of IBR is based largely on vaccination. A review is timely because efficient utilization of the wide assortment of available vaccines requires knowledge of recent developments in the diagnosis, immunology, and epidemiology of the disease.
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PMID:Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis: a review and update. 20 97

Tissues from turkey poults with adenovirus-associated respiratory disease were examined for microscopic lesions. Histopathologic changes observed in tissue from poults submitted with clinical signs of severe respiratory disease ranged from an acute mucoid rhinotracheitis through a fibrinonecrotic tracheitis to a chronic polypoid tracheitis with squamous metaplasia of the tracheal epithelium. Clinically normal poults housed with poults that subsequently developed clinical signs of the disease rarely had basophilic intranuclear inclusions within the epithelial cells of nasal turbinates.
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PMID:Histopathology of a rhinotracheitis of turkey poults associated with adenoviruses. 20 75

In each of 11 experiments, four calves were exposed first to an aerosol of bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV1, virus of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis) and second to an aerosol of Pasteurella haemolytica. The interval between aerosols was three to five days. In two other experiments, calves were exposed only to a bacterial aerosol. Climate was controlled for all experiments from the day of viral exposure and for eight of the experiments it was also controlled for four to six days before the first aerosol. The concentration of infectious doses of virus in the aerosols and the number of bacteria in the aerosols of each calf were determined. Macroscopically recognizable rhinitis, tonsillitis, laryngitis, tracheitis and pneumonia of lobar distribution in 42 lobes from 11 calves were seen in five experiments in which bacterial aerosol followed the viral aerosol by at least four days. One calf died with marked respiratory disease in each of four experiments within four days of exposure to the bacterial aerosol. Production of pneumonia was dependent on an interval between aerosols of at least four days but not on the condition of controlled climate on the environmental chamber either before or after the viral aerosol nor on the period of habituation allowed calves of some experiments.
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PMID:Pneumonia in calves produced with aerosols of bovine herpesvirus 1 and Pasteurella haemolytica. 21 Sep 12

A severe upper respiratory disease of young turkeys is described that resulted in high morbidity and mortality. Death was due to asphyxiation produced by occlusion of the trachea or nostrils. The postmortem lesions were tracheitis, pulmonary edema, swollen livers and spleens, and a drastic reduction in bursa size. Bursal necrosis and loss of tracheal epithelium were found in tissue sections from clinically affected birds. Antibody to infectious bursal disease was found by agar-gel precipitin and virus-neutralization tests of serum samples from affected flocks. A geometric mean titer of 31.5 for Newcastle disease was found in unvaccinated flocks of five-week-old turkeys.
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PMID:Rhinotracheitis in turkey poults. 21 6

An antiserum to a recent field isolate of infectious laryngotracheitis virus was conjugated with fluorescein isothiocyanate and used to detect viral antigen to infected chorioallantoic membranes and trachael epithelium by the direct fluorescent antibody technique. In experimentally infected birds, viral antigen was detected with the fluorescent antibody technique from 2 to 14 days post-inoculation but histological evidence of tracheitis was only observed from day three to day ten. The fluorescent antibody test detected 22 of 23 histologically confirmed cases of ILT and was more accurate than virus isolation when used in the diagnosis of respiratory disease from field outbreaks. It was concluded that the speed, accuracy and sensitivity of the fluorescent antibody technique make it a useful tool in the diagnosis of infectious laryngotracheitis.
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PMID:An immunofluorescence diagnostic test for avian infectious laryngotracheitis. 23 28

The outbreak of the disease occurred in a large multiple-age farm with about 50,000 meat turkeys, where groups of 6-8000 one-day-old birds were stalled up every 14 days. All the turkey poults housed were affected mostly in the 1.-3. week of the life. The respiratory disease spread rapidly within the flocks and were characterised clinically by inclination of huddle, ruffled feathers, anorexia, stunted growth, swelling of the infraorbital sinus and nasal discharge. The clinical apparent disease lasted 3 to 4 weeks on the average in the affected flocks and were associated with a mortality from 7-20 percent. The main pathoanatomical lesions were catarrhal-fibrinopurulent rhinitis, sinusitis, tracheitis, bronchopneumonia and air sacculitis as well as atrophy of the thymus. Fibrinous adhesive peri- and epicarditis, perihepatitis, miliary necrotic foci in the liver and diarrhea have been found less frequently. The results of cultural and serological examinations of moribund and dead turkey poults of 6 different flocks indicate that Bordetella avium and Chlamydia psittaci are the primary inciting agents of the respiratory disease. However, the following severe course of the disease were mainly caused by concurrent infections with Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. pneumoniae, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas fluorescens. In some cases coccidiosis with lesions in ceca were additionally diagnosed. Campylobacter jejuni could be always isolated culturally from the liquid cecal content of diseased birds.
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PMID:[Multicausal infectious respiratory tract disease of young fattening turkeys]. 155 65

In fattening turkeys 2.5 weeks of age a respiratory disease associated with coughing, nasal discharge and swelling of the infraorbital sinus was seen. Pathological findings in diseased turkeys were sinusitis, tracheitis, pneumonia and aerosacculitis. Virological investigations of trachea, kidney and intestine in SPF-chicken embryos resulted in the isolation of a virus, that could be identified as a paramyxovirus type 3 due to chemical-physical, biological, morphological and immunological properties. The pathogenicity of the isolate 324/86 to turkeys was shown in a test with three weeks old turkey poults. This is the first isolation and identification of a paramyxovirus-3 of turkeys in Germany.
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PMID:[Isolation of a paramyxovirus-3 from turkeys with respiratory tract disease in Germany]. 182 71

The lesions and etiologic agents associated with 13 outbreaks of respiratory disease in commercial chickens were investigated. Adenoviruses were isolated from tracheal and lung tissues of affected chickens in all 13 outbreaks. Escherichia coli was isolated from the lung of an occasional bird. The tracheal specimens were consistently negative for Bordetella avium, but E. coli and occasionally Staphylococcus aureus were isolated. There was also serological evidence in one outbreak, and pathological evidence in another, of a concurrent infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) infection of chickens affected with the disease. Gross and microscopic alterations in the tracheas and lungs of affected chickens were similar in all outbreaks and consisted of catarrhal tracheitis and occasionally multifocal pneumonia with mononuclear cell infiltrates. Hepatitis and splenitis with heterophil infiltrates occasionally were seen in birds with coliform septicemia. The tracheal and lung lesions in the present investigation were considered primarily of adenovirus etiology, complicated by secondary bacterial infection.
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PMID:Adenovirus infection associated with respiratory disease in commercial chickens. 282 79

A prospective study of 1,144 infants and their families was performed. Smoking and family histories were evaluated with respect to the incidence of lower respiratory disease during the first year of life. It was found that (1) tracheitis and bronchitis occurred significantly more frequently in infants exposed to cigarette smoke in the home, (2) maternal smoking imposed greater risks upon the infant than paternal smoking, (3) occurrence of neither tracheitis nor bronchitis showed a consistent relationship to the number of cigarettes smoked, (4) a family history that was positive for respiratory illness (chronic cough or bronchitis) significantly influenced the incidence of bronchitis, (5) too few cases of laryngitis and pneumonia were seen to warrant any opinions regarding the adverse influence of either smoking or a family history that was positive for respiratory illness, and (6) occurrence of bronchiolitis was not affected by the presence of a smoker nor influenced by a family history that was positive for respiratory illness. It is concluded that passive smoking is dangerous to the health of infants and that infants born to families with a history that is positive for respiratory illness (chronic cough or bronchitis) are at risk of developing bronchitis.
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PMID:Involuntary smoking and incidence of respiratory illness during the first year of life. 397 30

Infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) was diagnosed as the cause of an outbreak of respiratory disease in broiler chickens in California. The classical form of ILT is characterized by dyspnea, gasping, coughing, and expectoration of bloody exudate. Most of the broilers submitted to the diagnostic laboratory showed a non-classical presentation of ILT, in which mucoid tracheitis and conjunctivitis were the most consistent lesions. Historically, most of the ILT cases diagnosed in our laboratory have consisted of layers with classical signs and lesions. It is not known whether this non classical presentation of ILT in broilers is due to differences in the way broilers respond to ILT infection or to the nature of the ILT virus isolate.
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PMID:An outbreak of infectious laryngotracheitis in California broilers. 800 92


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