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Query: UMLS:C0040584 (tracheitis)
 384 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

As the main target of influenza viral aggression, the respiratory tract is subject to easier bacterial infection superimposition. The researchers from Les Laboratoires Servier--France, managed to isolate a substance--fusafungine--from the microspore of the fungus Fusarium lateritium, which demonstrates unique anti-inflammatory and antibiotic action, and is the active ingredient of Bioparox Spray, an inhalant. The principal indications of Bioparox Spray for treatment of respiratory tract infections fall within the range from the sinuses to the finest alveolar duct, namely: rhinitis, sinusitis, tonsillitis, pharyngitis, laryngitis, tracheitis and bronchitis. In terms of technology Bioparox is unique due to the fact that 90% of the aerosol particles are less than one micron large, while generally the particles needed for penetration through the alveolar duct should be less than three microns. Due to such micronization, after inhalation Bioparox Spray reaches from the sinuses to the finest bronchial branches. Bioparox Spray possesses sound and broad antibiotic spectrum of action on the most common causative agents of respiratory infections, and more over, it acts upon Candida albicans, unlike the remaining broad-spectrum antibiotics. Bioparox Spray also has an independent anti-inflammatory effect by blocking the inflammation mediators: Bioparox Spray inhibits the synthesis of free radicals and the action of IL1 and TNF as pro-inflammatory factors, and it potentiates the action of IL2 and interferon-gamma which are anti-inflammatory factors. By its dual antibiotic and anti-inflammatory action Bioparox Spray is an excellent alternative to the conventional antibiotic therapy.
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PMID:[An alternative to conventional antibiotic therapy in respiratory infections--Bioparox Spray]. 1098 75

The pathogenicity of 25 strains of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) isolated in Australia between 1961 and 1994 was compared in white leghorn specific pathogen-free chicks. Twelve strains were nephropathogenic and 10 respiratory, the other three being of mixed pathogenicity. The IBV strains identified as nephropathogenic induced clinical nephritis, gross and histological kidney lesions, and mortality of 5-90%. According to the severity of these features, the nephropathogenic strains could be further subdivided into strains of high, moderate or low pathogenicity. The three strains of mixed pathogenicity induced tracheitis, mild clinical nephritis and kidney lesions but no mortality. The 10 respiratory strains caused histological lesions in the trachea but not in the kidney, and did not induce clinical nephritis or mortality. Of 12 IBV strains isolated between 1961 and 1976, nine were nephropathogenic, inducing mortality of 15-90%. In contrast, of 13 strains isolated between 1981 and 1994, only three were nephropathogenic, inducing mortality of 5-37%, whereas nine were respiratory. Seven of these nine strains, unlike other respiratory strains, failed completely to replicate in the kidney. The results indicated a change in the prevalent IBV strains from highly nephropathogenic (1960s to 1970s) to respiratory (1980s to early 1990s); moreover, the late 1980s saw the emergence of respiratory strains with altered tissue tropism.
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PMID:Pathogenicity of Australian strains of avian infectious bronchitis virus. 1194

Respiratory viruses cause a number of clinical 'syndromes' in the intensive care unit with different viruses being able to produce similar clinical pictures. Our main presenting problems are upper airway (e.g. croup and tracheitis), lower airway with intrapulmonary shunt (e.g. bronchitis and pneumonia), lower airway with dynamic hyperinflation (e.g. bronchiolitis and wheeze) and control of breathing (e.g. apnoea). This pragmatic classification is used because it enables focus on the physiological abnormality needing treatment, and how best to deliver appropriate and adequate ventilator support. This review provides an overview of these syndromes and a more detailed account of respiratory syncytial virus, our most commonly diagnosed winter illness.
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PMID:Respiratory viruses in the intensive care unit. 1288 Jul 50

Severe tracheitis and bronchitis were identified in two fatal cases of respiratory disease affecting a flock of Gouldian finches (Erythrura [Chloebia] gouldiae). Intranuclear inclusion bodies in epithelial cells of the upper respiratory tract were identified in samples from two birds. Electron microscopic examination showed that the inclusions consisted of viral particles consistent in appearance with Herpesviridae. Degenerate PCR primers targeting a conserved region of the herpesviral-DNA-dependent DNA polymerase were used to amplify a region of DNA isolated from tissues with lesions from each animal. Nucleotide sequencing of the PCR products yielded identical viral sequences that were distinct from known herpesviruses. An analysis of sequence homology indicated that these gene segments appear to belong to a member of the subfamily Alphaherpesvirinae.
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PMID:Characterization of a herpesvirus associated with tracheitis in Gouldian finches (Erythrura [Chloebia] gouldiae). 1295 25

Related to its potential vulnerability the respiratory tract has a very complex and effective defence apparatus. The interaction between these defence mechanisms and certain characteristics of aetiological agents results in a pattern in which initial infections by these agents tend to occur at specific sites in the tract. Infections in which the primary portal of entry is in the upper respiratory tract include Bordetella bronchiseptica and Haemophilus spp in pigs; Pasteurella spp in cattle, sheep, pigs; Mycoplasma spp in cattle, sheep, pigs and poultry; equine herpesvirus 1 in horses; infectious bovine rhinotracheitis in cattle; parainfluenza 3 in cattle and sheep; infectious laryngo-tracheitis and infectious bronchitis in poultry; feline viral rhinotracheitis and calicivirus in cats; Aujeszky's disease virus and swine influenza in pigs; and equine influenza in horses. Infections in which the primary portal of entry is in the lower respiratory tract include Aspergillus fumigatus in poultry and mammals, respiratory syncytial virus in cattle, distemper virus in dogs and adenovirus in cattle and dogs. A fuller understanding of the interactions between an agent and the host at the point of entry would make it much easier to develop effective vaccines and therapeutic agents.
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PMID:Mechanisms of infection in the respiratory tract. 1603 Aug 6

Noninfectious disorders of the respiratory tract, including laryngitis, tracheitis, bronchitis, and asthma are common problems in dogs and cats. Traditional therapies have often included corticosteroids and bronchodilators given by mouth or injection. Side effects of this form of treatment can be severe and can result in cessation of therapy. Inhaled corticosteroid drugs are not as absorbed into the systemic circulation, do not result in significant side effects, and are now the standard of care for dogs and cats with respiratory diseases that would otherwise be treated with systemic medications.
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PMID:Use of inhaled medications to treat respiratory diseases in dogs and cats. 1652 19

The objective of the study was to evaluate the possible association between maternal acute respiratory infectious diseases (ARID) during pregnancy and birth outcomes. Newborn infants born to mothers with or without ARID as reference were compared in the population-based large data set of newborns without any defect in the Hungarian Case-Control Surveillance System of Congenital Abnormalities. Main outcome measures were birth weight and gestational age at delivery, in addition the rate of preterm births and low birthweight newborns. Of 38,151 newborns, 3,455 (9.1%) had mothers with ARID during pregnancy which were differentiated according to six manifestations from sinusitis to the pneumonia. Mothers with ARID in pregnancy had a longer (0.3 week) gestational age at delivery (adjusted t = 5.4; p < 0.0001) and a lower rate of preterm births (6.7% vs. 9.4%) [adjusted odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.72, 0.63-0.83] than mothers without ARID. However, severe ARID (bronchitis-bronchiolitis and particularly pneumonia) associated with a higher rate of preterm births (13.0%, adjusted OR with 95% CI: 1.4, 1.1-1.8), while mild ARID (sinusitis, pharyngitis, tonsillitis, laryngitis-tracheitis) resulted in a lower rate of preterm births (5.5%, adjusted OR with 95% CI: 0.5, 0.4-0.7). In conclusion, there was an obvious correlation between severity of ARID in pregnant women and rate of preterm births.
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PMID:Maternal acute respiratory infectious diseases during pregnancy and birth outcomes. 1802 89

Neonatal respiratory tract infections, in particular pneumonia, can be life-threatening. Lower respiratory tract infections may be acquired before, during, or after birth. Upper respiratory tract infections include otitis, sinusitis, rhinitis, laryngitis, tracheitis and bronchitis. Treatment of septicaemia and respiratory infections is based on the nature of the infection.
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PMID:Neonatal respiratory tract infections. 1861 71

A commercial broiler flock in the Central Valley of California experienced a sudden increase in mortality due to heavy culling. Clinical signs included a snick, swollen heads and severe depression. Necropsy and histology revealed tracheitis, rhinitis, facial cellulitis, blepharitis, episcleritis, otitis media and caseous exudate within the air spaces of cranial bones. Escherichia coli serotype O78 was isolated from all lesions. Infectious bronchitis virus (Massachusetts serotype) was isolated from trachea/nasal cavity tissue pool. Adenovirus group 1 was isolated from trachea/nasal cavity and caecal tonsil tissue pools. Serum samples were positive for infectious bronchitis using ELISA and haemagglutination inhibition tests, but negative for turkey rhinotracheitis by an ELISA using the British antigen. This case suggests that swollen head syndrome can be associated with viruses other than pneumovirus.
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PMID:Swollen head syndrome associated with E. coli and infectious bronchitis virus in the Central Valley of California. 1867 Nov 39

Using both an ELISA and a serum neutralisation test, antibodies to turkey rhinotracheitis (TRT) virus were found in sera collected from commercial flocks of chickens after the initial appearance of TRT in turkeys in Britain in mid-1985 but not in chicken sera collected before that time. Good correlation was found between the results of the two assays and antibodies were found in chickens of all commercial types and of all ages, ranging from 31 days to 56 weeks. Apparently healthy flocks appeared to have been infected with the virus, as did flocks which had recovered from a variety of disease outbreaks including ones attributed to infectious bronchitis, and severe tracheitis as well as swollen head syndrome. The results presented here do not provide conclusive proof of an association between the presence of TRT antibodies in chicken sera and any particular disease condition and it appears that TRT virus can infect chickens without necessarily being responsible for clinical disease.
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PMID:Demonstration of antibodies to turkey rhinotracheitis virus in serum from commercially reared flocks of chickens. 1876 97


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