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Query: UMLS:C0040584 (tracheitis)
 384 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Mycoplasma gallisepticum causes respiratory diseases in the form of tracheitis and air sacculitis in chickens and turkeys. It is a major cause of reduced egg production, reduced hatchability, and downgrading of carcasses. Current means of diagnosis depend on the isolation and identification of the organisms, or on serological assays to detect serum antibodies. The evaluation of avian sera for M. gallisepticum antibodies is becoming more difficult to interpret, and thus less useful, due to the increasing use of killed M. gallisepticum vaccines. Maximum efficiency of M. gallisepticum disease control requires a rapid and sensitive identification system. A biotinylated total genome M. gallisepticum DNA probe was constructed by labeling the DNA with biotin-11-dUTP in a standard nick-translation reaction. Hybridization reactions with 100 ng/ml of biotinylated probe were capable of detecting 75 ng of M. gallisepticum target-DNA and 1.5 x 10(4) M. gallisepticum/ml within 24 h. The probe did hybridize to other mycoplasma DNAs, but to a greatly reduced degree.
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PMID:Development of a biotinylated probe for the rapid detection of Mycoplasma gallisepticum. 366 41

In a clinical prospective study, three cases of superior laryngeal nerve injury were detected after 54 classical high ligations of the superior thyroid artery. On the contrary no injury of the nerve was noted in 227 cases in which the technique of separate ligation of the superior thyroid artery's branches was used. Voice changes secondary to thyroid gland operations, without injury to the recurrent laryngeal nerve, are commonly attributed to laryngeal trauma or tracheitis. This view does not seem to be entirely true, because voice changes can follow injury to the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve. The current study was undertaken to give a better insight to the problem on injury to the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve during superior thyroid artery ligation and to evaluate for this purpose a technique of separate ligation of the superior thyroid artery's branches during thyroidectomy.
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PMID:The superior laryngeal nerve in thyroidectomy. 367 8

Flexible endoscopy is assuming a role of increasing importance in the evaluation and diagnosis of upper aerodigestive tract disorders. With improved fiberoptic capabilities and miniaturization, these techniques are gaining in applicability to the pediatric population. At Children's Hospital, Boston, a newly designed Machida 1.9-mm bronchoscope has been employed in the evaluation of the upper airway. The use of this small caliber instrument has been investigated in 1) evaluation of endotracheal or tracheotomy tube position, thus decreasing the need for repeated chest radiographs to confirm location; 2) bedside evaluation of possible tracheal disease (eg, mucous plug, granuloma, tracheitis) in the intensive care unit patient to determine treatment plans and/or need for further rigid bronchoscopy, and 3) evaluation of airway dynamics in the awake patient. Our experience with the flexible fiberoptic minibronchoscope is reviewed, with a discussion of indications for its use, as well as possible limitations. Case studies are presented to demonstrate the usefulness of the instrument.
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PMID:Flexible minibronchoscopy in children. 368 50

An 8-year-old boy with bacterial tracheitis, treated by endotracheal intubation, humidification, airway toilet and antibiotics, experienced a toxic shock syndrome on the day after his admission. The course was favourable. Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from tracheal secretions. Bacterial tracheitis is an infrequent cause of non-menstrual toxic shock syndrome. The diagnosis of bacterial tracheitis should be suspected in a child with toxicity and croup who is not responding to the usual therapy. Endoscopy should be performed allowing for removal of the secretions. The maintenance of a clear airway is the main purpose of the treatment.
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PMID:Bacterial croup and toxic shock syndrome. 376 99

Bacterial tracheitis is characterized by acute upper airway obstruction in which indirect laryngoscopy is normal. Roentgenograms reveal an irregular tracheal air column. Endoscopic evaluation demonstrates a normal supraglottic and glottic larynx with purulent debris, mucosal ulcerations, and edema of the subglottic larynx and trachea. To our knowledge, this entity has not been previously described in an adult. We report herein three cases of bacterial tracheitis in adults.
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PMID:Bacterial tracheitis in adults. 380 Nov 79

Nine cases of severe hypotension or death compatible with toxic shock syndrome (TSS) as a complication of influenza and influenzalike illness were identified in Minnesota with onsets between Jan 2, 1986, and Feb 23, 1986, in which five of the patients died. During this time, an influenza outbreak was occurring in the state. Cultures of respiratory secretions were performed in eight patients; Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from all of them. Seven S aureus isolates were available for determination of exotoxin production; five isolates produced toxic shock syndrome toxin-1, one produced enterotoxin B, and one produced both. Acute influenza B infection was confirmed in three of four patients for whom throat cultures or acute and convalescent serum samples were available. Two patients fulfilled the Centers for Disease Control-confirmed case definition for TSS. Four additional patients fulfilled the CDC criteria for a probable case of TSS, and TSS was a likely diagnosis in the remaining three patients. The initial presentation was suggestive of nonsuppurative tracheitis or viral pneumonia in eight patients. In the remaining patient, the initial clinical presentation was compatible with staphylococcal pneumonia. This report demonstrates that TSS can occur as a complication of influenza and influenzalike illness.
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PMID:Toxic shock syndrome. A newly recognized complication of influenza and influenzalike illness. 380 93

During a 22-month period, 5 children, 6-13 months of age, presented with an acute obstructive upper airway infection which resembled both croup and epiglottitis. All 5 failed to respond to standard treatment for croup, including aerosolized racemic epinephrine. In all patients, direct laryngoscopy revealed minimal or no change in the epiglottis and aryepiglottic folds but severe subglottic swelling and copious purulent tracheal secretions. Gram stains of the purulent secretions revealed many polymorphonuclear leukocytes with gram-positive cocci (3 patients) and small gram-negative rods (2 patients). Cultures subsequently confirmed the presence of S. Aureus and H. Influenzae. Initial therapy for all patients included endotracheal intubation, antibiotic therapy for both S. Aureus and H. Influenzae and frequent tracheal suctioning. Hospitalization varied from one to 3 weeks. We reported findings in these patients because: the initial diagnosis was unclear due to confusion caused by clinical features common to both croup and epiglottitis and bacterial tracheitis requires a prompt accurate diagnosis and aggressive antibiotic and airway management in order to prevent unnecessary morbidity and mortality.
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PMID:Bacterial tracheitis, diagnosis and treatment. 383 Sep 50

Forty-eight of 134 chickens collected from a flock on a broiler farm were diagnosed pathologically and microbiologically to have colibacillosis. Both acute septicemia (seven birds, 1 to 36 days old) and subacute serositis (41 birds, 5 to 57 days old) were found. The former consisted of necrosis with fibrinous exudates in the ellipsoids and lymphoid follicles of the spleen, and fibrinous thrombi in sinusoids of the liver with occasional necrosis of hepatic cells. The latter had fibrinopurulent inflammation with granulomatous changes in the serosal tissues--including the epicardium, pericardium, and hepatic peritoneal sac--accompanied by septicemic lesions in the spleen and liver. Respiratory lesions (airsacculitis, pneumonia, and tracheitis) were noted in most chickens affected with acute septicemia and subacute serositis. Degenerative changes also were observed in the bursa of Fabricius.
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PMID:Pathology of spontaneous colibacillosis in a broiler flock. 390 13

Rats were exposed to TiCl4 hydrolysis products by inhalation exposure at aerosol concentrations of 0, 0.1, 1.0, and 10 mg/m3 for 6 hr/day, 5 days/week for 2 years. There were no abnormal clinical signs, body weight changes, or excess mortality in any exposed groups. No pathological changes other than a mild rhinitis were observed at 0.1 mg/m3. At 1.0 mg/m3, the incidence of mild rhinitis and tracheitis was increased. The lungs showed a minute dust-laden macrophage (dust cell) reaction with slight Type II pneumocyte hyperplasia in alveoli adjacent to the alveolar ducts. The pulmonary response at the 1.0 mg/m3 satisfied the biological criteria for a nuisance dust. At 10 mg/m3, extrapulmonary particle deposition occurred in the tracheobronchial lymph nodes, liver, and spleen without any tissue response. An increased incidence of rhinitis, tracheitis, and dust cell response with Type II pneumocyte hyperplasia, alveolar bronchiolarization, foamy dust cell accumulation, alveolar proteinosis, cholesterol granuloma, and focal pleurisy was also observed. The pulmonary lesions developed in the alveolar duct region where dust cells had accumulated and had provoked a chronic tissue response. In addition, a few well-differentiated, cystic keratinizing squamous carcinomas were developed from alveoli showing bronchiolarization with squamous metaplasia in the alveolar duct region. No tumor metastasis was found in other organs. The lung tumors were a unique type of experimentally induced tumor and have not been seen usually in man or animals. Therefore, the relevance to man of this type of lung tumor is highly questionable.
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PMID:Inhalation toxicity study on rats exposed to titanium tetrachloride atmospheric hydrolysis products for two years. 395 49

Inflammatory illnesses of the pediatric airway cause significant morbidity and mortality. Bacterial tracheitis is a distinct entity with features common to both croup and epiglottitis. Ten patients between the ages of 3 months and 12 years were treated at Children's Hospital, Boston, MA., for bacterial tracheitis. The clinical presentation and medical management is discussed. Seven of the patients required both direct laryngoscopy and bronchoscopy; one patient required urgent intubation; and one patient required indirect laryngoscopy. In one patient the diagnosis was based on clinical and radiographic findings in conjunction with tracheal aspirates. Seven of the 10 patients did well with aggressive medical management. Three patients required endotracheal intubation. No patient required tracheotomy, and there were no cardiopulmonary arrests. It is of particular interest that although the patients in this series presented in a manner similar to that of patients in other published series, the management is significantly different and the overall outcome is significantly better.
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PMID:Bacterial tracheitis--two-year experience. 396 37


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