Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0040425 (tonsillitis)
 1,594 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Patients suffering from recurrent tonsillitis (RT), hyperplastic tonsillitis (HT) or idiopathic tonsillar hyperplasia (ITH) were compared in immunological studies with subjects showing clinically normal palatine tonsils. Serum concentrations of immunoglobulins, particularly IgG, were increased in association with tonsillitis. Conversely, the number of IgG-, IgA- and IgM-producing immunocytes was reduced per tonsillar tissue unit. The density of such cells was decreased in the germinal centres of the lymphoid follicles, in the extrafollicular areas and in the reticular parts of the crypt epithelium. However, only small changes in immunocyte class ratios were observed, excepting a significantly raised proportion of IgD-producing cells. The immunohistochemical results indicated a defect in the tonsillar immunological function associated with disease, perhaps as a result of inadequate stimulatory signals for local maturation of B-cell clones. An influence of low age on this result in the HT and ITH groups could not be excluded. In the RT group there was a significant negative correlation between the tonsillar density of IgA-producing cells and the rate of synthesis of serum IgA. This may indicate that compensatory mechanisms are reflected in inversely related levels of local and systemic IgA synthesis.
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PMID:Immunoglobulin systems of human tonsils. II. Patients with chronic tonsillitis or tonsillar hyperplasia: quantification of Ig-producing cells, tonsillar morphometry and serum Ig concentrations. 35 Apr 58

Patients suffering from recurrent tonsillitis (RT), hyperplastic tonsillitis (HT), or idopathic tonsillar hyperplasia (ITH) were compared in immunological studies with subjects showing clinically normal tonsils. Serum concentration of immunoglobulins, particularly IgG, were found to be increased in association with tonsillitis. Conversely, the number of IgG-, IgA- and IgM-producing immunocytes per tissue unit was reduced in the germinal centres of lymphoid follicles, in the extrafollicular areas, and in the reticular parts of the crypt epithelium. The overall percentage distribution of these cells was normally 65:30:3.5:1.2 for the IgG, IgA, IgM and IgD classes, respectively. In RT these figures were 53:39:4.7:4.4; in HT, 67:25:4.0:4.5; and in IHT, 50 : 33 : 7.2 : 10. Thus, there were only small alterations in the immunocyte class proportions, except for a significant relative increase in IgD-producing cells. The results indicate that there is a functional defect of the tonsils in association with disease. The relative accumulation of IgD cells is probably explained by an inadequate local maturational process in B-cell system, altough some influence of low age cannot be excluded in the HT and ITH groups.
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PMID:Immunoglobulin-producing cells in clinically normal, hyperplastic and inflamed human palatine tonsils. 37 4

Twenty pediatric patients with recurrent infectious diseases of the upper respiratory tract (tonsillitis, adenotonsillitis with or without involvement of the ear and/or lower respiratory tract) were studied. An immunological assay of the nasal secretum was performed at time of diagnosis and following treatment with a local immunomodulator drug, administered by spray. The 7S, 11S IgA and albumin rates were evaluated. The authors emphasize the importance of SIgA in mucose defense mechanisms as well as the need for a selective method for determining the 11S IgA level. An original method for immuno-isoelectrofocusing (IIEF) determination was employed in the present study. After treatment a significant increase in 11S IgA level was observed, especially in those patients with a significant basal SIGA deficit. The authors describe details of the technique for determination and discuss the results.
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PMID:[Determination of 11S IgA in nasal secretions in the monitoring of local immunomodulating therapy]. 189 69

The distribution and proportion of immunoglobulin-producing cells in palatine tonsil, including IgG and IgA subclasses, have been examined in chronic tonsillitis using an immunofluorescence method. Results obtained indicate that the percentage ratios of IgG1:IgG2:IgG3:IgG4 were 53.1:35.9:4.7:6.3. Higher percentages of IgG1- and lower percentages of IgG2-producing cells were found among 3 types of tonsillitis. Proportional ratios of IgA1:IgA2 were approximately 80:20, and a slight elevation of IgA2-producing cells was observed in chronic tonsillitis.
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PMID:Immunoglobulin subclasses in chronic tonsillitis. 247 Aug 82

The purpose of this study is to make investigations for establishing the unfavourable effect rate of some of the properties of the synthetic floorings on the immunological reactivity of the organism of children. The health status of 429 children, age 3-5 years from 3 kindergartens in Sofia is traced in dynamic: the control group of 226, attending kindergartens with wood floorings and 203--the test group--attending kindergartens with polymeric floorings. The serum levels of immunoglobulins IgG, IgA, IgM are determined after the radial immunodiffusion method of Maucini. Measures are performed on the microclimatic parameters and electrostatic field as well. The results points out that the morbidity if the test group children is about twice higher in comparison with that of the control group, which correlates with the raised concentrations of the immunoglobulin serum levels. The highest morbidity is from acute respiratory infections and tonsillitis, as a consequence from the deteriorated thermoprotective properties of the synthetic floorings, potentiated under the electrostatic field effect. The results will serve the carrying out of preventive measures for health state promotion of the rising generation.
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PMID:[Changes in the immunological reactivity of young children attending nursery schools with polymer floor covering]. 263 7

A 14 year old boy presented with recurrent attacks of macroscopic haematuria preceded by tonsillitis. Clinical examination revealed generalised vitiligo. Renal function was normal with microscopic haematuria. Percutaneous renal biopsy showed mesangial proliferation on light microscopy with deposition of IgA and IgM in a granular pattern in the mesangium and glomerular basement membrane compatible with a diagnosis of IgA nephropathy. Biochemical investigations revealed primary hypothyroidism and primary adrenocortical insufficiency with negative organ specific autoimmune screen. Renal function has not deteriorated after three years follow-up. This particular association has not been previously described to our knowledge.
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PMID:A case of IgA nephropathy associated with vitiligo, primary hypothyroidism and primary adrenocortical insufficiency. 276 33

Employing a series of monoclonal antibodies directed against T cell subsets using the avidin-biotin complex method as the immunoperoxidase technique and using fluorescein-conjugated antisera directed against the major immunoglobulins, we have studied the distribution of immunocompetent cells in sections of tonsils from 21 patients with various inflammatory diseases of the tonsils, including Streptococcal tonsillitis, recurrent tonsillitis and tonsillitis associated with infectious mononucleosis. The following conclusions can be made in regard to our study. The percentage of T cells decreases in all compartments of the tonsils with increasing episodes of tonsillitis as well as with infectious mononucleosis and Streptococcal tonsillitis. Similarly, the percentage of HLA-DR positive cells decreases with increasing episodes of tonsillitis and is statistically significant in the mantle zone. The percentage of IgM B cells and IgD B cells tends to increase in the extrafollicular zone and decrease in the mantle zone with increasing episodes of tonsillitis as well as with increasing age. The percentage of IgG and IgA plasma cells is highest in children who have had 3-5 episodes of tonsillitis, but markedly decreases in the follicle and extrafollicular compartments in patients who have had more than 5 episodes of tonsillitis. FACS analysis of B cells in the tonsils and peripheral blood show a marked decrease in IgD in both the tonsil and the peripheral blood and a significant increase of IgG in the peripheral blood. These findings may suggest late clonal expansion of B cells in recurrent tonsillitis and Streptococcal tonsillitis. Finally, the distribution of immunocompetent cells in recurrent tonsillitis, Streptococcal tonsillitis and tonsillitis associated with infectious mononucleosis appears to be independent of age.
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PMID:The distribution of immunocompetent cells in the compartments of the palatine tonsils in bacterial and viral infections of the upper respiratory tract. 306 3

At the onset or in the course of IgA nephropathy (IgA NP), upper respiratory tract infections and tonsillitis are often followed by periods of gross haematuria. In a search for possible abnormalities in the tonsillar IgA- and IgG-cell system, the palatine tonsils from seven patients with IgA NP and eight controls, all 15 suffering from chronic recurrent tonsillitis, were subjected to an immunohistochemical study. Compared with the controls, tonsils of NP patients contained a significantly (P less than 0.001) increased proportion of IgA-producing cells (49.6% versus 35.7%). There was also an increase (P less than 0.001) in the ratio of IgA polymer- (J-chain-positive) to monomer-producing cells in NP tonsils compared with controls (35.0% versus 18.8%). Although the tonsillar IgA cells were generally producing mainly IgA1, this subclass was even more predominant in NP tonsils (P less than 0.03). These results are compatible with the hypothesis that in some patients with IgA NP, the polymeric IgA1 deposited in the mesangium may be of tonsillar origin.
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PMID:Tonsillar distribution of IgA and IgG immunocytes and production of IgA subclasses and J chain in tonsillitis vary with the presence or absence of IgA nephropathy. 312 77

The human tonsils are responsible for the final antigen-induced differentiation of B-cells to plasma cells. Their main function could be the expansion of memory IgA-B-cells, allowing J-chain expression and final differentiation under secondary signals. IgA/J+-cells have been shown to migrate into mucosal membranes, allowing a protection against microorganisms. Recurrent tonsillitis obviously interferes with this complex immunological network, possibly resulting in a reduced mucosal protection by IgA. Furthermore, bacterial antigens can initiate the liberation of biochemical inflammatory mediators. Among these, arachidonic acid products can play a key role. They can induce epithelial damage and decreased ciliary function. Furthermore, they influence tonsillar immunological reactions.
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PMID:Immunological aspects of tonsils and of tonsillitis. 314 64

Nasal biopsy specimens from 15 adult patients with selective IgA deficiency but normal IgG-subclass levels were examined by immunohistochemistry for the presence of immunocytes producing various Ig isotypes. The mucosal samples were completely IgA-deficient except in two cases where 0.9% and 8.4% IgA cells were found, respectively (normal, 69.8%). Numerous IgG- (mainly IgG1-) producing cells were present in 10 samples; in five of these there were additional IgM- but virtually no IgD-producing cells, whereas in the other five a marked dominance of the IgD over the IgM isotype was seen. The latter category of patients had more upper airways infections (recurrent acute rhinosinusitis, otitis media, and tonsillitis) than the former, who had no recurrent upper respiratory tract infections except one patient with recurrent acute rhinosinusitis. The five remaining samples, which contained very few Ig-producing cells, were derived from patients with even more frequent infections than those showing IgD predominance. Our results indicate that IgM acts as a compensatory secretory Ig in the upper respiratory tract of some IgA-deficient subjects. However, immunoregulatory events favouring local IgD responses apparently do not support mucosal defence satisfactorily, either because local production of IgM is hampered or because IgD (which is not a secretory Ig) blocks complement-dependent reactions mediated by IgG and IgM antibodies within the mucosa.
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PMID:The clinical condition of IgA-deficient patients is related to the proportion of IgD- and IgM-producing cells in their nasal mucosa. 330 Nov 1


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