Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0040425 (tonsillitis)
 1,594 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The presence of encapsulated and abscess-forming organisms belonging to the Bacteroides melaninogenicus group was investigated in 25 children with acute tonsillitis, and in 23 children without tonsillar inflammation (control). Encapsulated organisms of the B melaninogenicus group were found in 23 of 25 children with acute tonsillitis as compared with five of 23 controls. Subcutaneous inoculation into mice of the Bacteroides strains isolated from patients with tonsillitis produced abscesses in 17 of 25 instances, as compared with nine of the 23 of the controls. Group A streptococci were recovered from the tonsils of five children with tonsillitis and from four of the control group. These findings suggest a possible pathogenic role for the B melaninogenicus group in acute tonsillar infection in children.
Arch Otolaryngol 1983 Dec
PMID:Bacteroides melaninogenicus. Its recovery from tonsils of children with acute tonsillitis. 613 4

A prospective aetiologic analysis made of 70 children and adults with the clinical and haematologic features of infectious mononucleosis (IM) in Sao Paulo, Brazil, revealed 65.7% due to EBV (31 heterophile antibody positive (HA+), 15 HA negative (HA-) cases), 8.6% due to T. gondii and 4.3% due to CMV. One case was related to viral hepatitis and one to drug hypersensitivity. The other 18.6% were of unknown cause. In the 46 IM cases positive tests were found for EBV/IgM in 93.5%, for heterophile by the absorbed horse Rbc test in 64.2% and by sheep Rbc in 37%. The immune-adherence haemagglutination test was slightly more sensitive than the horse Rbc test in 39 IM sera tested. In 41 EBV/IgM positive sera, EBV/IgA was present in 17/25 containing heterophile antibody and in 2/16 lacking heterophile antibody; anti-EA was present in 85%. The average age of HA+ IM cases was 13.2 years and of HA- cases 4.7 years. Three HA+ and 5 HA- IM cases occurred in the 0-2 year old age group. Few clinical features differentiated between aetiological agents. Exudative tonsillitis was the most helpful one and occurred in 67.7% of HA+ IM cases, 26.7% of HA- cases, in 1 of 3 CMV cases, and not at all in 6 T. gondii infections.
Int J Epidemiol 1980 Dec
PMID:A prospective clinical study of the mononucleosis syndrome in a developing country. 625 69

Septicemia due to the anaerobic gram-negative bacillus Fusobacterium necrophorum is exceptional. It may originate in tonsillitis or intestinal or gynecological infection. We report one case in a young man with head injury. Fusobacterium necrophorum is frequently associated with aerobic pathogens such as streptococcus or staphylococcus (more than fifty per cent of the cases). Metastatic localizations are numerous, often pleuro-pulmonary (infarction, abscess), hepatic (cytolysis) and meningeal (purulent meningitis, cerebral abscess), and in some instances articular (joint swelling) or embolic. Hypercoagulability is often associated. Prognosis is severe (45% mortality rate). Penicillin G seems to be the best antibiotic but erythromycin is effective, as well as imidazole which was very active in our case.
Sem Hop 1982 Dec 30
PMID:[Septicemia due to Fusobacterium necrophorum. A case report]. 630 52

In clarification of the cause of Pustulosis palmaris et plantaris caused by tonsillar infection 19 patients with this condition and undergoing tonsillectomy were studied. IgE levels in the tonsils and blood serum were estimated both before and after tonsillectomy including various other laboratory tests. These results and the therapeutic effects of the tonsillectomy were analysed. 42 patients with tonsillitis undergoing tonsillectomy were used as controls. Lowered serum complement (C3) titres and decrease in neutrophil counts and serum IgG levels were observed in those patients whose cutaneous lesions were either completely or greatly improved following tonsillectomy. As neither the IgE levels in the tonsils nor in the serum were altered after tonsillectomy, the possibility of IgE mediated allergic type I reaction, as previously proposed by the present authors, was ruled out, and the aetiology was assessed to be an infectious allergy based on the Arthus reaction classified in the type III reaction.
HNO 1980 Dec
PMID:[An aetiological study on pustulosis palmaris et plantaris due to tonsillar focal infection (author's transl)]. 645 Jul 38

The results of unilateral immediate tonsillectomy, as the routine treatment of peritonsillar abscess, were studied in 47 patients with no previous history of serious tonsillitis. The follow-up was carried out between three and four years after operation. The incidence of tonsillitis in the contralateral tonsil remained unchanged and peritonsillar abscess did not occur in that tonsil. Symptoms of pharyngitis, periodic or chronic, were present in three patients only. This was found to be significantly lower than that found in the literature in a similar group of patients in whom bilateral immediate tonsillectomy had been performed. The results are discussed and the authors recommend unilateral immediate tonsillectomy in cases of peritonsillar abscess in all patients with no previous history of serious tonsillitis, as this apparently prevents the troublesome side-effects of chronic pharyngitis.
J Laryngol Otol 1983 Dec
PMID:Unilateral immediate tonsillectomy as the treatment of peritonsillar abscess: results, with special attention to pharyngitis. 658 Mar 64

A study was made with the newly developed cefroxadine (CXD) dry syrup by measuring the serum level, urine excretion and recovery rate in 10 children who were orally administered 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg at 1 hour after meals and the following results were gained. Also, its clinical efficacies and side effects were investigated in the following cases who were treated with a mean dose of 33 mg/day divided into 3 to 4 portions for a period of 9 days on the average; viz. a total of 151 cases consisting of 9 cases of pharyngitis, 39 of tonsillitis, 11 of streptococcal infection, i.e. scarlet fever, 7 of bronchitis, 6 of pneumonia, 1 of otitis media, 6 of purulent lymphadenitis, 1 of purulent parotitis, 1 of subcutaneous abscess and 3 of impetigo. 1. The serum level tends to reach its maximum level within 1 hour after administration. The mean concentrations of 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg dose in the foregoing time were 6.35, 9.12 and 21.62 mcg/ml respectively and dose response was observed. CXD showed higher concentration than CEX, CED and CFT. The mean half-life periods of the 3 dose were 72, 84 and 66 minutes respectively and variations were observed, but the drugs maintains a satisfactory serum level. 2. The time which showed highest urine excretion was mainly in the 0 to 2 hours bracket and the average concentrations of 5 , 10 and 20 mg/kg dose in the foregoing time were 381.2, 771.7 and 1,577.7 mcg/ml respectively. The dose response was more evident than in the serum concentrations. The average recovery rates within 6 hours were 93.6, 88.3 and 94.3% respectively and they were similar to those of CEX, CED and CFT. 3. The clinical effects were evaluated were in 148 cases out of the total of 151 and 136 cases, or 91.9% showed good or excellent efficacy response. 4. The daily dose groups of less than 30 mg/kg and 31 to 40 mg/kg formed the majority and there was no difference in the comparison of the clinical effectiveness in these 2 groups. Administration of a daily dose of 20 to 40 mg/kg is sufficient for the treatment of the aforementioned mild diseases except for pneumonia. 5. The clinical effects were compared between the 3 and 4 times a day treatment groups, but there was no difference between these two groups with regard to the foregoing daily dose. The 3 times a day treatment is acceptable, but the 4 times a day treatment is preferable when pharmacokinetics if taken into account. 6. The bacteriological effects in 41 cases, or 97.6% out of the 42 cases were above the efficacy base line and a high efficacy rate was achieved. 7. With regard to side effects, diarrhea developed in 4 cases and eosinophilia in 6 cases, abnormal simultaneous increases in GOT and GPT in 1 case and 1 case each for abnormal values in LDH and BUN were seen in the clinical test values. The foregoing results show that CXD has high efficacy and safety and it can be said that it is a drug required in the pediatric field.
Jpn J Antibiot 1981 Dec
PMID:[Absorption, excretion and clinical trials of cefroxadine in the field of pediatrics (author's transl)]. 703 89

Basic and clinical evaluations of cefroxadine were carried out in children, and the following results were obtained. 1. Cefroxadine 20 mg/kg was administered to 9 children with heart disease for the prophylaxis against infections before undergoing cardiocatheterization and cardioangiography, and serum levels were determined. Peak levels reached after 30 minutes in 4 of the 9 cases, with a mean peak level of 22.5 mcg/ml and after 1 hour in 5 cases, with a mean peak level of 16.2 mcg/ml. Half life was 3.1 hours in the former group in a 6-hour blood sampling (1.04 hours in a 2-hour sampling) while in the latter group it was 1.37 hours. 2. Clinical responses were evaluated in 56 children comprising 23 cases of pharyngitis, 8 of tonsillitis, 13 of scarlet fever, 10 of urinary tract infections and 2 of impetigo. Fifty of these cases had excellent and good responses showing a efficacy rate of 89.3%. 3. From 42 of the cases, 43 strains were isolated as causative organisms. Major organisms included 27 strains of S. pyogenes, 9 of E. coli and 3 of S. aureus. As for bacteriological responses, all strains were eradicated. 4. No severe side effects were observed except for diarrhea of 1 cases and eosinophilia of 2 cases. Furthermore, no children refused to take cefroxadine dry syrup.
Jpn J Antibiot 1981 Dec
PMID:[Study of cefroxadine in pediatrics regarding clinical efficacy and serum levels (author's transl)]. 733 84

Fundamental and clinical studies on cefroxadine (CXD) were carried out, and we have obtained the following results. (1) Sensitivity distribution: As for the sensitivity distribution in S. aureus, the peak was within the ranges from 3.13 to 6.25 microgram/ml in the inoculum size of 10(9) CFU/ml, the distribution was less than or equal to 0.1 to 50 microgram/ml in the inoculum size of 10(6) CFU/ml, with the peak at 1.56 to 6.25 microgram/ml. In S. pyogenes, the sensitivity distribution ranged between less than 0.1 and 1.56 microgram/ml, with the peak at 0.1 microgram/ml in the inoculum size of 10(9) CFU/ml. In the inoculum size of 10(6) CFU/ml, however, the all strains were distributed within the ranges of 0.1 to 0.78 microgram/ml, and the growth of 49 out of 54 strains (91%) was inhibited at less than or equal to 0.1 microgram/ml. In E. coli, the sensitivity peak was at 25 to 50 microgram/ml in the inoculum size of 10(8) CFU/ml, and 5 strains (9.3%) were detected with greater than 100 microgram/ml. Of the 5 strains, 1 strain showed cross tolerance with CEX, the remaining 4 strains was at 50 microgram/ml and at 25 microgram/ml in 2 strains each. In the case of inoculum size of 10(6) CFU/ml, the sensitivity distribution was all within the ranges from 0.78 to 12.5 microgram/ml, except for 1 strain at 100 microgram/ml, with the peak being within the ranges from 3.13 to 12.5 microgram/ml. As for the above 100 microgram/ml-strain, it was showing cross tolerance with CEX. (2) Serum concentration: CXD was administered at a dose level of 10 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg between meals to 5 children, and CXD concentration in their serum was measured. In the group of the 10 mg/kg administration: average 30 minutes value; 8.7 microgram/ml, 1 hour value; 9.15 microgram/ml, 2 hours value; 7.4 microgram/ml, 3 hours value; 2.85 microgram/ml, 4 hours value; 1.0 microgram/ml and 6 hours value; 0.32 microgram/ml, with half-life of 0.88 hours. In the group of the 20 mg/kg administration: average 30 minutes value; 11.7 microgram/ml, 1 hour value; 16.8 microgram/ml, 2 hours value; 10.7 microgram/ml, 3 hours value; 8.15 microgram/ml, 4 hours value; 3.33 microgram/ml, 6 hours value; 1.22 microgram/ml, with half-life of 1.03 hours. A significant interrelation in dose response was observed between the 2 groups. (3) CLINICAL RESULTS: Clinical investigation were held in 29 cases (47 boys and 32 girls). Their diseases comprised of 2 acute pharyngitis, 28 acute purulent tonsillitis, 11 scarlet fever, 3 cervical purulent lymphadenitis, 14 acute bronchitis, 7 acute pneumonia, 11 urinary tract infection and 3 skin soft tissue infection. The drug was effective in 74 out of the 79 cases (93.7%). Causative organism was proved in 60 out of the 79 cases. Fifty-five cases (91.7%) were observed bacterial disappearance or reduction in the 60 cases. Side effects were observed in a total of 3 cases (3.8%), i.e. 2 cases of abnormal values in the laboratory findings (an eosinophilia and/or an elevation of the GPT readings) and 1 case of manifestation of exanthema.
Jpn J Antibiot 1981 Dec
PMID:[Fundamental and clinical studies of cefroxadine in pediatric field (author's transl)]. 733 86

The authors have carried out the laboratory and clinical studies of cefroxadine (CXD), and obtained the following results. The antibacterial activities of CXD were measured by plate dilution method on 26 clinical isolates of S. aureus, E. coli and K. pneumoniae. CXD inhibited the growth of all strains of S. aureus at concentrations less than 6.25 microgram/ml, the peak of activity distribution was obtained at 3.13 microgram/ml with an inoculum size of 10(6) cells/ml. And the p eak sensitivity distribution of E. coli was obtained at 6.25 microgram/ml. The growth of all strains of K. pneumoniae was inhibited at concentrations of less than 25 microgram/ml. Phagocytosis was determined by QUIE'S method. In the presence of CXD, phagocytosis of human PMNs was not enhanced to E. coli and K. pneumoniae. For pharmacokinetic study, CXD was given orally at a single dose of 10 mg/kg to 3 children before and after meals. The serum levels of CXD on fasting were 14.2 microgram/ml, 11.0 microgram/ml, 4.0 microgram/ml and 0.57 microgram/ml at 0.5, 1, 2. 4 hours after administration respectively, and the level at 6 hours was not detectable. Half-life was 0.65 hours. The serum levels of CXD after meals were 3.9 microgram/ml, 5.3 microgram/ml, 5.3 microgram/ml, 2.4 microgram/ml and 0.42 microgram/ml at 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6 hours after administration respectively, but at 8 hours it was not detectable. Half-life was 0.95 hours. The 8-hour urinary excretion rates on fasting and non fasting were 89.4%, 89.0% respectively. CXD was given to 31 cases with tonsillitis, 4 with bronchitis, 1 with impetigo, 3 with cervical lymphadenitis, 7 with U.T.I, totalling 46. A daily dose of CXD 400 approximately 1,500 mg was given for 4 approximately 14 days. Clinical results obtained were good and excellent responses in 43/46 (93.5%) cases. No side effects were observed except for 1 case with elevation of GOT, 2 cases with elevation of GOT and GPT and 1 case with eosinophilia.
Jpn J Antibiot 1981 Dec
PMID:[Laboratory and clinical studies of cefroxadine (author's transl)]. 733 88

Cefroxadine (CXD) was applied to infectious diseases in children and the following results were obtained. 1. Serum concentration and urinary excretion: CXD was given orally in dose of 10 mg/kg in dry syrup from 30 minutes after meals. The peak serum concentration was at 1 hour after administration in 3 cases and at 2 hours in 1 case, and the average peak serum concentration was 16.41 microgram/ml in these 4 cases. The average urinary excretion rate of the antibiotic during 6 hours after administration was 93.9% in another 4 cases. 2. Antibacterial activity: The MIC of CXD against E. coli was slightly superior to that of CEX, but against S. aureus, S. epidermidis, Str. pyogenes, Str faecalis, Str. pneumoniae, Kleb. pneumoniae, Kleb. oxytoca, Pro. mirabilis, Pro, vulgaris, H. influenzae, H. parainfluenzae, H. parahaemolyticus the MICs of CXD were almost equal to those of CEX. 3. Clinical study: Thirty seven patients with bacterial infections (7 cases of urinary tract infection, 2 of cystitis, 10 of tonsillitis, 9 of scarlet fever, 7 of bronchitis and 2 of bronchopneumonia) were orally treated with CXD dry syrup, 15 approximately 48 mg/kg/day divided into 3 doses. The overall efficacy rate was 91.7%, and side effects inclusive of abnormal laboratory findings were not observed.
Jpn J Antibiot 1981 Dec
PMID:[Laboratory and clinical studies on cefroxadine (author's transl)]. 733 89


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