Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0040425 (tonsillitis)
 1,594 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In October 1989, the Hungarian National Institute of Hygiene initiated the Children's Acute Respiratory Morbidity (CHARM) Surveillance System to assess the association between nine reportable respiratory diseases and air pollution. The weekly number of physician-diagnosed, reportable respiratory diseases among four age groups of children (less than 1, 1-2, 3-5, and 6-14 years) was tabulated for Sopron, a city with 60,000 residents. We calculated the proportion of diseases occurring during weeks with low, moderate, and high sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) concentrations. The weekly averages of the 24-hour median SO2 concentrations were divided into thirds at less than or equal to 17.6, greater than 17.6 to less than or equal to 26.3, and greater than 26.3 micrograms/m3 (range: 0.9-79.6 micrograms/m3), and the NO2 concentrations at less than or equal to 29.8, greater than 29.8 to less than or equal to 44.1, and greater than 44.1 micrograms/m3 (range: 4.2-90.1 micrograms/m3). During 1990, 11,474 respiratory disease cases occurred among the 4,020 children less than 15 years of age living in Sopron and monitored by the CHARM system. The two most frequently reported disease categories were rhinitis/tonsillitis/pharyngitis (71.5%) and acute bronchitis (8.5%). Sixty-seven percent of pneumonia cases occurred when SO2 concentrations were highest. We found no association between levels of NO2 and respiratory diseases. The CHARM Surveillance System may characterize more fully which groups of children develop particular respiratory diseases following exposure to air pollution.
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PMID:Respiratory disease surveillance in Hungary. 152 85

The tremendous decline of combustion-derived emissions of traditional air pollutants such as sulphur dioxide (SO2) and total suspended particles (TSP) in Eastern Germany shortly after German reunification in 1990 provided the unique opportunity to study trends of prevalence of respiratory illness along with the improvement of air quality. The present review focused on the results of two repeated surveys of nonallergic respiratory illness in children living in East Germany. The crude prevalence of respiratory illness such as lifetime bronchitis, otitis media, tonsillitis, frequent colds, and frequent cough decreased during the 1990s in East German children. For two surveys the effect estimates showed consistently statistically significant association of TSP with bronchitis. For SO2 statistically significant associations with frequent colds were also consistently found, whereas at least one survey reported higher statistically significant effect estimates for tonsillitis, otitis media, frequent cough and reduced forced vital capacity. The present study concludes that the prevalence of nonallergic respiratory illness in East German children is associated with sulphur dioxide and total suspended particles and that the improvement of air quality has beneficial effects on respiratory health.
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PMID:Nonallergic respiratory morbidity improved along with a decline of traditional air pollution levels: a review. 1276 77