Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0040425 (tonsillitis)
 1,594 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Fundamental and clinical studies were carried out on cefixime (CFIX) 5% granules, and the results are summarized below. Antimicrobial activity Antimicrobial activities of CFIX, cefaclor, cefroxadine, cephalexin and amoxicillin (AMPC) were studied against clinical isolates. CFIX showed greater activities than all the other antibiotics against E. coli, K. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, P. mirabilis, E. cloacae and S. marcescens, but it was slightly less active than AMPC against S. pyogenes. Absorption and excretion Serum concentrations and urinary excretions of CFIX were determined following single or repeated oral administration. In 8 patients given single dose of CFIX 1.5 or 3.0 mg/kg, mean serum concentrations were 1.27 and 1.09 micrograms/ml at 2 hours, 1.27 and 1.35 micrograms/ml at 4 hours, 0.85 and 1.10 micrograms/ml at 6 hours, 0.17 and 0.24 micrograms/ml 12 hours after administration, respectively. Mean serum half-lives were 2.54 hours for the dose of 1.5 mg/kg and 2.60 hours for 3.0 mg/kg. Urinary recovery rates in the 12-hours urine varied 6.7 to 33.6%, with an average of 13.5%. In 3 patients given a repeated dose of CFIX 3.0 or 5.6 mg/kg b.i.d., the serum concentrations were 0.23-1.01 micrograms/ml at 0 hour, 1.91-2.80 micrograms/ml at 2-4 hours and 1.13-2.07 micrograms/ml at 6-8 hours after administration. Clinical study The CFIX was given orally by mainly b.i.d. at a daily dose of 4.4-11.6 mg/kg for 4-15 days to a total of 33 patients consisting of 3 patients with pneumonia, 3 with bronchitis, 9 with tonsillitis, 15 with UTI, one each with scarlet fever, lymphadenitis and colitis. Clinical responses were excellent in 24 patients, good in 8 and fair in 1, with an effectiveness rate of 97.0%. All of the 21 bacterial isolates examined were eradicated after CFIX treatments including 3 beta-lactamase producing strains. No side effects of abnormal laboratory findings were observed in these patients.
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PMID:[Fundamental and clinical studies on cefixime (5% granules) in the pediatric field]. 376 37

We have evaluated cefixime (CFIX) fine granules for pharmacokinetics and therapeutic effectiveness in children with infections. The results were summarized as follows. Pharmacokinetic parameters after the oral administration of single doses of 1.5 mg and 6.0 mg per kg body weight in a cross-over design in 1 child were as follows: The peak serum CFIX concentrations were 0.65 microgram/ml at 2 to 3 hours and 3.33 micrograms/ml at 4 hours for the low and the high doses, respectively; the respective biological half-lives were 2.4 hours and 2.5 hours, and urinary recovery was 10.3% at 8 hours and 5.2% at 12 hours, respectively. A clinical study was performed on 19 children with infections, including 7 with bronchitis; 3 each with tonsillitis, UTI, and cervical lymphadenitis; and 1 each with pharyngitis, retroauricular lymphadenitis, and enteritis. Doses ranging from 1.8 to 7.8 mg/kg body weight were given b.i.d. or t.i.d. The period of treatment ranged from 3 to 13 days. The therapeutic response was considered "excellent" in 15 and "good" in 4, with an effectiveness rate of 100%. No side effects were observed. The only abnormal laboratory findings was a slight elevation of GOT and GTP recorded in 1 child. It was concluded that CFIX was a promising drug for the treatment of bacterial infections in children.
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PMID:[Fundamental and clinical studies on cefixime in pediatrics]. 376 44

A fundamental and clinical study of ceftizoxime (CZX) suppositories was performed in pre-school and school-age children. The average time courses of CZX serum and urinary concentrations after administration of CZX suppository 250 mg (i.e. per kg body weight doses of 8.3-10.9 mg) to 4 school-age children were as follows. Serum concentrations: 6.1 micrograms/ml at 15 minutes, 6.3 micrograms/ml at 30 minutes, 3.8 micrograms/ml at 1 hour, 1.7 microgram/ml at 2 hours, 0.5 microgram/ml at 4 hours and 0.2 microgram/ml at 6 hours with a biological half-life of 1.43 hours. Urinary concentrations: 885 micrograms/ml for 0-2 hours, 209 micrograms/ml for 2-4 hours and 112 micrograms/ml for 4-6 hours with an average 6-hour urinary recovery rate of 25.6%. The clinical and biological effectiveness and adverse reactions were studied in 11 infants and school-age children afflicted with various infections (acute purulent tonsillitis, 1; acute bronchitis, 3; acute pneumonia, 4; and UTI, 3). The clinical responsiveness was "excellent" in 8, "good" in 2, and "failure" was recorded in 1, with an overall efficacy of 90.9% inclusive of "excellent" and "good". The microbiological effectiveness of CZX suppositories on presumed pathogenic organisms comprising 4 strains of H. influenzae, 1 strain of H. parainfluenzae, and 3 strains of E. coli was satisfactory, as evidenced by the substantially high eradication rate of 87.5%. The only organism that survived CZX suppository treatment was 1 strain of H. influenzae which however was greatly decreased. The only side effect was diarrhea in 1 patient, which however did not necessitate withdrawal of the drug. The only laboratory test abnormality was GOT and GPT elevation in 1 patient which was normalized within 8 days. In conclusion, CZX suppositories were found to be efficacious and safe for treatment of bacterial infections in children.
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PMID:[Clinical studies of ceftizoxime suppositories in respiratory tract infections and urinary tract infections in children]. 386 84

A bacteriological and clinical study of ceftizoxime suppositories (CZX-S) let to the following results. The CZX serum concentration 10 minutes after insertion of one 250 mg suppository (i.e. 5.7-15.2 mg CZX per kg body weight) ranged from 1.64 to 6.53 micrograms/ml (average: 4.41 micrograms/ml). In one child the concentration 7 minutes after insertion was 4.13 micrograms/ml. Therapeutic responsiveness was recorded as "effective" in 8 (88.9%) of the 9 children who were broken down into 6 with tonsillitis, 1 with pharyngitis, and 2 with UTI. Bacteriological studies conducted in 5 children have confirmed eradication in 4 children, one of whom showing appearance of another strain. The rate of discharge of the suppository within 10 minutes after insertion was 20.4%. Reddening and erosion of the anus were observed in 1 child.
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PMID:[Basic and clinical studies of ceftizoxime suppositories in the pediatric field]. 386 86

A clinical trial of ceftizoxime suppositories (CZX-S) was performed to evaluate the therapeutic effectiveness in children with bacterial infection. The subjects were 10 children comprising 4 with pneumonia, 3 with lacunar tonsillitis, 2 with pharyngitis, and 1 with UTI. They were given 1 suppository containing either 125 mg or 250 mg of CZX 2 to 4 times a day. The daily per kg body weight dose ranged from 17.1 to 60.0 mg. The result was "markedly effective" in 3, "effective" in 6, and "failure" was recorded in 1. Bacteriologically, successful eradication of causative organisms was confirmed in all the 4 children who underwent the test. No clinical side effects were observed. The only laboratory test abnormality recorded in a single patient was eosinophilia, which was not definitely ascribable to CZX-S. In conclusion, CZX-S have proved to be a clinically safe and effective antibiotic preparation in infantile infection, even in children whose treatment with conventional antibiotics is associated with difficulties.
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PMID:[Clinical experience with ceftizoxime suppositories in bacterial infections in children]. 386 88

Laboratory and clinical studies were performed as follows on cefminox (CMNX, MT-141), a new cephamycin antibiotic. Pharmacokinetics Serum concentrations of CMNX were measured in 4 patients given CMNX for prophylactic purpose during cardiac catheterization. In 2 patients given 20 mg/kg of CMNX by intravenous bolus injection, the average of peak serum concentration was 178.9 micrograms/ml at 15 minutes. The mean urinary recoveries in these 2 cases was 66.9% within 6 hours after injection. In 2 patients given 20 mg/kg of this drug by 1 hour drip infusion, the peak serum concentration was obtained at the time drip was completed, and the average value was 68.3 micrograms/ml. Clinical efficacy CMNX was administrated intravenously to 13 patients in dose of 52.9 approximately 96.0 mg/kg t.i.d. or q.i.d. for 4 approximately 7 days; 3 with tonsillitis, 6 with bronchitis, 1 with bronchopneumonia, 1 with UTI, 1 with lymphadenitis and 1 with enterocolitis. The overall efficacy rate was 92.3%, i.e., efficacy was excellent in 12, and poor in 1. Bacteriological efficacy was excellent, i.e., 3 of 3 strains disappeared. Side effects were observed in 3 cases, i.e., 1 case of eruption, 1 case of diarrhea and 1 case of transient eosinophilia. The above results suggest that CMNX is a useful antibiotic for treating pediatric bacterial infections.
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PMID:[Laboratory and clinical studies on cefminox in the pediatric field]. 389 7

A clinical trial of ceftizoxime suppositories (CZX-S) was conducted in children whose chemotherapy was considered to be best performed in this dosage form at the physician's discretion. The subjects were 5 children with infection, consisting of 2 with pneumonia, 1 with tonsillitis, and 2 with UTI. The results were as follows. The clinical response to CZX-S was "markedly effective" in 3 and "effective" in 2, with the 100% effectiveness rate. Neither adverse drug reactions nor abnormal laboratory tests were detected. No unwanted expulsion of the suppository occurred. The serum concentration of CZX 30 minutes after the first insertion ranged from 8.38 to 11.4 micrograms/ml, and the urinary concentration of CZX in the 6-hour urine collections, from 23.6 to 290 micrograms/ml.
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PMID:[Clinical effects of ceftizoxime suppositories in pediatric infections]. 390 29

Serum and urinary concentrations and recovery rates of aztreonam (SQ26,776, AZT), a newly developed antibiotic, were studied for a total of 20 pediatric cases by one-shot intravenous injections of 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg to 3, 4 and 3 cases, respectively, and by intravenous drip infusion of 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg to 3, 4 and 3 cases for 1 hour, respectively. Clinical and bacterial effects of AZT were studied by administering 76.7 mg/kg per day on average for a total of 36 cases of tonsillitis (6), pneumonia (13), otitis media and pneumonia complication (1), pleurisy (1), sinusitis (1) and UTI (14). The above daily dose was given t.i.d. (9 cases) or q.i.d. (27 cases), by intravenous drip infusion for 30 minutes for one t.i.d. case and by one-shot intravenous injection for 7 days for the remaining 35 cases. Also, side effect and laboratory values were examined for 43 cases including 7 dropouts. Serum concentration of AZT in 10 pediatric cases were measured by dosing 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg by one-shot intravenous injection to 3, 4 and 3 cases, respectively. In every dosage group, the serum concentrations were highest 5 minutes after the intravenous injection with average values of 91.0, 174.0 and 175.3 mcg/ml, respectively. Dose response was observed between 10 mg/kg dose group and 20, 40 mg/kg dose groups, but it was not between 20 mg/kg group and 40 mg/kg group. This was considered to be attributable to the individual case-fluctuations in the 2 groups and to a high concentration case of 240.0 mcg/ml in the 20 mg/kg group. Half-life of each dosage group was 1.55, 1.65 and 1.93 hours. Serum concentrations of AZT in 10 pediatric cases at the dosage level of 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg for 3, 4 and 3 cases, respectively, by 1 hour intravenous drip infusion were highest at the end of the administration with average values of 95.7, 126.0 and 170.7 mcg/ml, respectively. There was a dose response among the 3 groups and the half-life of them were 1.02, 1.41 and 2.48 hours, respectively. A longer half-life of the 3rd group with 40 mg/kg administration than the other 2 groups was due to 1 particular case of 4.44 hours with unknown cause of such an exceptional extension.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[Basic and clinical trials of aztreonam in the field of pediatrics]. 391 25

Aspoxicillin (ASPC), a new semisynthesized penicillin, was administered to 20 children; by one shot intravenous injection in the doses of 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg to each of 3 children, and by intravenous drip infusion in the doses of 20 and 40 mg/kg over a period of 1 hour to 8 and 3 children, respectively, and the serum levels, urinary levels and recovery rates were determined. ASPC was administered to 1 patient with tuberculous pleurisy in the dose of 20 mg/kg by one shot intravenous injection, then the thoracic fluid level and serum level were determined. In addition, ASPC was administered to 3 children with tonsillitis, 3 with bronchitis, 40 with pneumonia, one each for pleuropneumonia, pleurisy, lung abscess, scarlet fever, staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome and purulent lymphadenitis and 2 with UTI (total 54 children), in the mean dose of 81.4 mg/kg/day t.i.d. (12 children) or q.i.d. (42 children) by one shot intravenous injection for 6 days on the average, and clinical effectiveness and bacteriological response were evaluated in these cases, and adverse reactions and abnormal laboratory findings were examined in the 60 cases which included 6 drop-out cases. After the administration of ASPC to 9 children; 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg to each of 3 children, by one shot intravenous injection, the mean serum levels reached to the peak of 58.4, 147.0 and 221.0 mcg/ml, respectively, in 5 minutes. The mean half-lives were 1.03, 1.01 and 1.23 hours, and the mean areas under the curve (AUCs) were 44.9, 94.1 and 192.9 mcg X hr/ml, respectively. A dose response was seen among the 3 dosage levels. After the administration of ASPC to 11 children; 20 and 40 mg/kg to 8 and 3 children, respectively, by intravenous drip infusion over a period of 1 hour, the mean serum levels reached to the peak of 58.2 and 114.0 mcg/ml, respectively, on completion of the administration. The mean half-lives were 1.22 and 1.09 hours, and the mean AUCs were 109.4 and 181.7 mcg X hr/ml, respectively. A dose response was observed between the 2 dosage levels. In the above mentioned each 3 cases receiving one shot intravenous injection in the dose of 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg, the mean urinary levels of ASPC reached to the peak of 1,000.0, 2,300.0 and 4,350.0 mcg/ml, respectively, at 0 approximately 2 hours after the administration, and the urinary recovery rates during the first 6 hours were 66.1, 66.5 and 56.9%, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[Fundamental and clinical studies of aspoxicillin in the pediatric field]. 406 28

Sulbactam/cefoperazone (SBT/CPZ) was evaluated in the treatment of pediatric patients to have the following results: Peak serum concentrations which occurred just after the drip infusion of 20 mg/kg SBT/CPZ were 36.4 micrograms/ml and 8.6 micrograms/ml for CPZ and SBT, respectively. The half-life of CPZ was 1.91 hours, and that of SBT, 0.97 hour. Following the 40 mg/kg drip infusion, the peak serum concentration of CPZ was 79.1 micrograms/ml, and that of SBT, 27.0 micrograms/ml. The half-lives were 1.99 hours for CPZ, and 1.07 hours for SBT, respectively. In 6 hours after drip infusion of 20 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg 21.7, 37.0% of CPZ and 41.6, 85.6% of SBT were excreted in urine. Daily doses of about 50-90 mg/kg SBT/CPZ were administered by intravenous or drip infusion to 26 pediatric patients with acute infections such as lacunar tonsillitis, bronchitis, bronchopneumonia, suppurative diseases caused by Staphylococcus (staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome), purulent parotitis, cervical lymphadenitis, phlegmon and acute UTI related with ABPC/CPZ resistant beta lactamase producing E. coli. SBT/CPZ demonstrated the bacteriological effect on all the causative organisms. The clinical efficacy was also confirmed with the efficacy rate of 88.5%. No side effects were observed in all the cases though transient eosinophilia developed in 2 patients.
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PMID:[Fundamental and clinical studies of sulbactam/cefoperazone in the field of pediatrics]. 609 10


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