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Query: UMLS:C0040425 (tonsillitis)
 1,594 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We investigated clinical and bacteriological effects of cefetamet pivoxil (CEMT-PI) in community-acquired respiratory tract infections and obtained the following findings. That method was approximately equal to that of investigation in 1994. 1. Of the 431 respiratory tract infection cases that were treated with CEMT-PI according to a same protocol at a total of 41 institutions in Tokyo, Kanagawa-ken, Saitama-ken and Chiba-ken from January to the beginning of March 1996. Outpatients accounted for 98.1% of the subjects. Regarding genders to patients, slightly more females (52.6%) than males were included. Diagnoses given to these patients included pharyngo-laryngitis (53.5%), tonsillitis (20.4%) and acute bronchitis (19.1%). 2. We investigated clinical efficacy rates (the ratio of those excellent + good) classified by diseases. The improvement rates of pharyngo-laryngitis, tonsillitis and acute bronchitis were more than 85.0%. Other cases were small in number. That of chronic bronchitis-acute increasing change for the worse was 66.7%, pneumonia was 50.0% and bronchiectasis infection was 16.7%. It was not studied that clinical efficacy rates among those who were treated with 1 CEMT-PI tablet twice and among those who were given 2 tablets twice were significant level. 3. For the bacteriological study, a written material describing the method of collecting specimens, storage and transport in detail was distributed to the above mentioned institutions. The isolation and identification of suspected causative bacteria, determination of minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and investigation of beta-lactamase production were conducted all together at section of studies, Tokyo Clinical Research Center. Suspected causative bacteria were detected from 274 (63.6%) cases. They included 88 strains of Haemophilus influenzae, 47 strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae, 42 strains of Streptococcus pyogenes, 20 strains of Moraxella subgenus Branhamella catarrhalis and 17 strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. pneumoniae. Suspected causative bacteria classified by diseases were S. pyogenes (tonsillitis), S. pneumoniae (acute bronchitis and secondary infection of chronic respiratory infection) and H. influenzae (pharyngo-laryngitis), and the detection frequency of those was high. The clinical efficacies (the ratio of improvement) classified by suspected causative bacteria were 84.4% against organism that was indicating CEMT and were 69.2% against organism that was not indicating CEMT.
Jpn J Antibiot 1997 Sep
PMID:[Clinical and bacteriological effects of cefetamet pivoxil against community-acquired respiratory tract infections. Part II]. 939 36

Recently researchers have suggested that clinical subsets of Crohn's disease occur, which are variously described as inflammatory, fibrostenotic, and fistulizing. In addition, it has been observed that within families with multiple cases, often there is concordance of the site and type of disease. The lesions of Crohn's disease occur in segments that suggest that distribution of Peyer's patches. When the age-related incidence of Crohn's disease was plotted for all countries from which such data were available, the peaks of greatest case frequency occurred at ages 15 to 25 years and paralleled a similar peak representing the number of Peyer's patches as a function of age. This correlation suggests that Crohn's disease may develop as an inflammatory process specifically targeting these important lymphoid structures. Similar peaks of activity in the adolescent to early adult years occur for appendicitis and tonsillitis.
J Clin Gastroenterol 1997 Sep
PMID:The role of Peyer's patches in the age-related incidence of Crohn's disease. 941 54

The management of upper respiratory tract infections has become more difficult because of the recent increase in the number of penicillin-resistant organisms. The bacteria that predominate in otitis media and sinusitis can resist penicillin through the production of the enzyme beta-lactamase (Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis in acute infections and Staphylococcus aureus and Prevotella and Fusobacteria spp in chronic infections) or through changes in penicillin-binding sites (Streptococcus pneumoniae). beta-lactamase-producing bacteria can express their pathogenicity directly through their ability to cause infections and indirectly by production of the enzyme, thus protecting penicillin-susceptible pathogens from penicillins. This phenomenon may explain penicillin's failure in the treatment of Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal (GABHS) tonsillitis. An additional cause for penicillin failure is the absence among the normal tonsillar bacterial flora of streptococcal species that are capable of interfering with the growth of GABHS. Proper use of antimicrobial therapy, including those therapies that are effective against penicillin-resistant bacteria, is the cornerstone of management of upper respiratory tract infections.
Prim Care 1998 Sep
PMID:Microbiology of common infections in the upper respiratory tract. 967 24

Lemierre syndrome, otherwise known as postanginal sepsis or necrobacillosis, is an illness that originates as an acute pharyngitis or tonsillitis which progresses to sepsis, usually fusobacterial, due to suppurative thrombophlebitis of the internal jugular vein. Septic thromboemboli then seed various organs, resulting in multiple organ system pathology, most commonly affecting pulmonary and hepatic systems and joints. Although rare in the age of antibiotics, this disease typically affects previously healthy adolescents with varied clinical manifestations depending upon organ system involvement (A. Lemierre, Lancet March (1936) 701-703; J. Barker, H.T. Winer-Muram, S. Grey, Southern Med. J. 89 (1996) 1021-1023). Prompt diagnosis based on clinical presentation, radiologic findings, particularly CT scanning with contrast and a high index of suspicion, is necessary in order to institute often life saving therapy (J. Barker, H.T. Winer-Muram, S. Grey, Southern Med. J. 89 (1996) 1021-1023). We will present two cases of Lemierre syndrome, review it's clinical presentation, anatomic considerations, particularly it's relationship to the parapharyngeal space, radiographic findings, potential life threatening complications and finally, a unique approach to therapy.
Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 1998 Sep 15
PMID:Lemierre syndrome: a complication of acute pharyngitis. 980 20

Adenoids and tonsils electively removed from 25 children with a history of recurrent group A beta-hemolytic streptococci (GABHS) adenotonsillitis were cultured for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. Two hundred twenty-four organisms (112 aerobes and facultatives, 110 anaerobes, and 2 Candida albicans) were isolated from the tonsils, and 229 (111 aerobes and facultatives and 118 anaerobes) were isolated from the adenoids. Mixed infection was present in all instances, with an average of 9.1 isolates per specimen. The predominant aerobes were Streptococcus sp, Haemophilus influenzae, and GABHS, and the prevalent anaerobes were Peptostreptococcus, Prevotella, and Fusobacterium spp. Beta-lactamase-producing bacteria were detected in 72 isolates recovered from 22 tonsils (88%) and in 74 isolates recovered from 21 adenoids (84%). Discrepancies in the organisms recovered were found between the tonsils and adenoids. Of the aerobic isolates, 20% were isolated only in tonsils and 18% only in adenoids. Of the anaerobes, 20% were found only in tonsils and 26% only in adenoids. This study demonstrates a polymicrobial aerobic-anaerobic flora in both adenoids and tonsils, and discrepancies in recovery of pathogens such as GABHS. The adenoids may serve as a potential source of tonsillitis caused by GABHS.
Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2001 Sep
PMID:Bacteriology of adenoids and tonsils in children with recurrent adenotonsillitis. 1155 61

Three cases of acute segmental hemorrhagic antibiotic-associated colitis are described occurring in three male adults between 30 and 33 years of age after treatment with oral ampicillin or amoxicillin because of upper respiratory tract infection, tonsillitis, or HLO eradication therapy, respectively. All presented with cramping abdominal pain and bloody diarrhoea of acute onset, however, microbial analysis of fecal samples was negative. Endoscopy showed right-sided segmental hemorrhagic colitis. Histopathological examination demonstrated edema, patchy superficial hemorrhage and a scattered predominantly mononuclear infiltrate of the lamina propria. The surface epithelium was partly desquamated and displayed foci of grouped intraepithelial red blood cells. All patients spontaneously recovered after discontinuation of antimicrobial therapy. The value and limitations of diagnostic features are discussed with respect of the literature.
Pathologe 2001 Sep
PMID:[Acute segmental hemorrhagic antibiotic-associated colitis]. 1157 15

Anaerobes of oral origin are common in chronic upper respiratory tract and other head and neck infections. Anaerobes are the predominant components of the normal human oropharyngeal flora, and are therefore a common cause of bacterial infections of the upper respiratory tract that are of endogenous origin. These bacteria can be isolated in chronic otitis media, sinusitis, and tonsillitis, and their complications. Anaerobes also predominate in deep oral and neck infections and abscesses. Their isolation requires appropriate methods of collection, transportation, and cultivation of specimens. In addition to their active pathogenic role in these infections, many anaerobes express an indirect effect through their ability to produce the enzyme beta-lactamase. This enables these organisms to shield non-beta-lactamase-producing bacteria (BLPB) from penicillins. Inadequate therapy against BLPB may lead to clinical failures. Treatment of anaerobic infection is complicated by their slow growth, their polymicrobial nature, and the growing resistance of anaerobic bacteria to antimicrobials. Antimicrobial therapy is often the only form of therapy needed, whereas in other instances it is an important adjunct to a surgical approach. Because anaerobes generally are isolated mixed with aerobic organisms, therapy should provide for adequate coverage of both types of pathogens.
Semin Respir Infect 2002 Sep
PMID:Antibiotic resistance of oral anaerobic bacteria and their effect on the management of upper respiratory tract and head and neck infections. 1222 99

Fifteen greyhounds with tonsillar enlargement were subjected to detailed investigation. Affected greyhounds exhibited coughing, poor racing performance and tonsillar lymphoid hyperplasia over a period of months. Each of the 15 affected animals had evidence of respiratory tract disease. Twelve had non-specific respiratory tract disease, two had pneumonia and one had pulmonary infiltration with eosinophils (PIE). Histopathological examination of the tonsils from affected dogs revealed that greyhounds with tonsillar enlargement are more likely to have tonsillar lymphoid hyperplasia than tonsillitis. As a result, lymphoid hyperplasia would be a suitable term to describe this tonsillar condition. Respiratory tract diseases, rather than tonsillar hyperplasia, was the more likely cause of the poor racing performance of affected dogs. The aetiological relationship, if any, between respiratory disease and tonsillar enlargement is unclear from this study and requires further investigation.
Vet J 2002 Sep
PMID:A study of greyhounds with tonsillar enlargement and a history of poor racing performance. 1235 65

Telithromycin, the first ketolide antibiotic to undergo clinical development, has been specifically designed to treat community-acquired respiratory tract infections, including those caused by resistant pathogens. Like macrolides, telithromycin inhibits protein synthesis by acting mainly on the 50S ribosomal subunit. The defining structural characteristic is a keto function in place of the C3-cladinose moiety, which greatly improves acid stability and confers a lack of induction of MLSb resistance. Telithromycin provides potent activity against a wide spectrum of Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms, including erythromycin-resistant pneumococci and atypical/intracellular organisms. Preliminary results from clinical trials have demonstrated that telithromycin may provide a convenient and effective compact treatment option for select respiratory tract infections such as community-acquired pneumonia, acute bacteria exacerbations of chronic bronchitis, acute sinusitis and tonsillitis/pharyngitis. (c) 2001 Prous Science. All rights reserved.
Drugs Today (Barc) 2001 Sep
PMID:Telithromycin (HMR 3647): The first ketolide antibiotic. 1274 33

Dick, Elliot C. (University of Wisconsin, Madison). Chimpanzee kidney tissue cultures for growth and isolation of viruses. J. Bacteriol. 86:573-576. 1963.-Chimpanzee kidney tissue cultures were employed for propagation of several laboratory strains of viruses that commonly inhabit the respiratory and intestinal tracts, or both, and for isolation of viruses from throat washings of persons with common colds and tonsillitis-pharyngitis. This tissue culture host was found to support the growth of approximately the same viruses as do Rhesus monkey kidney tissue cultures, with two exceptions: (i) chimpanzee kidney tissue culture was much more susceptible to herpes simplex infection, and (ii) cytopathic effects were not produced by either "M" or "H" strains of muriviruses (common cold viruses). The presence of adventitious viruses in some uninoculated chimpanzee kidney tissue cultures is suspected.
J Bacteriol 1963 Sep
PMID:CHIMPANZEE KIDNEY TISSUE CULTURES FOR GROWTH AND ISOLATION OF VIRUSES. 1406 39


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