Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0040425 (tonsillitis)
 1,594 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection after heart transplantation (HTx) is a severe complication, which leads to long treatment and hospital stay. Even if prophylactic therapy with anti-CMV IgG antibodies is performed, there is a high incidence of infection, especially when the heart from a CMV positive donor is transplanted to a CMV negative recipient (high risk constellation). This study evaluates the prophylactic antiviral therapy with ganciclovir in CMV high risk constellation at HTx. Out of 108 HTx, 29 CMV negative recipients (IgG and IgM) received a heart from a CMV positive donor (IgG pos., IgM neg.). The control group (CO) (n = 8) was treated with anti-CMV IgG antibodies (Cytotect 2 ml/kg at day 0, 1, 2, 7, 14, 21,), whereas the study group (GAN) (n = 13) was treated with ganciclovir (7.5 mg/kg single dose n = 8, or 5 mg/kg in twice daily doses n = 5 from day 1 to 14). Urea, creatinine, white blood cell count and platelet count was controlled daily. No side effects on renal and bone marrow function were noted. Therapy was well tolerated. Both groups had similar immunosuppressive protocol (prophylactic cytolysis, prednisone, azathioprine and cyclosporin A) and were similar in age, sex, preoperative diagnosis and NYHA class. Seroconversion for CMV (IgM and IgG) was observed in 75% of CO and 31% of GAN (p less than 0.05). Clinical manifestations of CMV infection started in the second month after HTx with fever in both groups CMV-organ manifestations developed in 50% (or 67% of infected) in CO (enterocolitis 2, pneumonitis 3, tonsillitis 1), and in 15% (or 50% of infected) in GAN (pneumonitis 2, epididymitis 1) NS.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Prevention of cytomegalovirus infection following heart transplantation]. 131 36

Tonsillar tissue is a component of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), which has evolved to protect vulnerable mucosal surfaces. Helicobacter pylori, implicated as an aetiological factor in duodenal ulcers and gastritis, induces the appearance of lymphoid aggregates (MALT) in the stomach. This organism is cytotoxic via a nitric oxide synthase cascade. The possibility that tonsillar tissue processes Helicobacter pylori or that Helicobacter pylori can colonize the palatine tonsils is explored. The study design was that of a prospective study. We determined if Helicobacter pylori (i) forms part of the normal microenvironment of the tonsil, (ii) plays a role in the pathogenesis of tonsillitis and (iii) is associated with increased expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in macrophages of the tonsil. Serology for Helicobacter pylori was performed on 50 patients undergoing tonsillectomy. Tonsillar specimens were monitored for urease activity by CLO test (a sealed plastic slide holding an agar gel, which contains urea and detects the urease enzyme of Helicobacter pylori), and immunocytochemically probed for Helicobacter pylori and iNOS expression. The mean age of this patient group was 17.2 years (3-36 years). Fourteen (28%) were sero-positive for Helicobacter pylori but no evidence of this pathogen was found in any tonsillar specimen. The number of macrophages staining for iNOS, per field, under a magnification of x40, was increased in sero-positive patients (13.3 +/- 1.3 versus 9.9 +/- 0.7; P = 0.01). Helicobacter pylori does not appear to colonize the tonsil. We believe that Helicobacter pylori primes the tonsils by inducing macrophage iNOS expression. The higher expression in sero-positive patients is a reflection of a pro-inflammatory reaction to Helicobacter pylori that is both local and systemic.
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PMID:Helicobacter pylori and tonsillectomy. 1184 33

OBJECTIVE: To determine ASO titer profile by establishing ARF differential diagnoses of other diseases with high levels of ASO antibodies. METHODS: We investigated 78 patients with ARF at onset and follow-up, 22 with isolated chorea at onset, 45 with recurrent oropharyngeal tonsillitis, and 23 with recent flare of juvenile idiopathic arthritis. We tested ASO with automated particle-enhanced immunonephelometric assay (Behring(R)-Germany). The ASO (IU/ml) titers were assessed at the following time intervals: 0-7 days, 1-2 weeks, 2-4 weeks, 1-2 months, 2-4 months, 4-6 months, 6-12 months, 1-2 years, 2-3 years, 3-4 years, and 4-5 years after onset of ARF. RESULTS: ASO titers in patients diagnosed with ARF had a significant increase up to the 2-4-month time interval (P<0.0001). Baseline levels were observed afterwards in patients under regular penicillin prophylaxis. The levels of ASO in ARF were also significantly higher than in patients with isolated chorea, recurrent oropharyngeal infections or juvenile idiopathic arthritis (P=0.0025), when age-matched samples of these groups were compared. The testacute;s sensitivity was 73.3% and the specificity was 57.6%, and it was calculated taking into account the upper limit of normality at 320 IU/ml, as well as the established diagnosis of ARF. The testacute;s specificity and positive predictive value increased with rising or higher titers, being higher with titers above 960 UI/ml. CONCLUSION: This reappraisal of ASO profile in ARF patients indicates a remarkable response during the acute phase, and that points to the extent to which ASO levels may differentiate ARF from other diseases with high levels of ASO antibodies, as coincidental but unrelated streptococcal infection or chronic arthritis flareup.
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PMID:[Antistreptolysin O titer profile in acute rheumatic fever diagnosis] 1464

Rosa damascena (RD) is a widely cultivated ornamental plant. It acts as an astringent, aperients, carminative, and refrigerant and is used in respiratory disorders, tonsillitis, eye disorders, migraines, gynecological disorders, and menopausal symptoms. The aim of this study is to investigate the hepatoprotective activity of the aqueous extract of RD flowers at different oral dose levels (250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg body weight) on acetaminophen (2 g/kg oral N-acetyl-p-aminophenol [APAP])-induced toxicity in rats. APAP administration altered various biochemical parameters, including serum transaminases, serum alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, albumin, bilirubin, urea and creatinine, hepatic lipid peroxidation, and reduced glutathione levels. Adenosine triphosphatase and glucose-6-phosphatase activity in the liver was decreased significantly in animals treated with APAP. These values are retrieved significantly by treatment with RD extract at all 3 doses in dose-dependant manner. Apart from these, histopathological changes also reveal the protective nature of the RD extract against acetaminophen-induced necrotic damage of hepatic tissues. In conclusion, these data suggest that the aqueous extract of RD may prevent hepatic damage from APAP-induced toxicity in rats and is likely to be mediated through its antioxidant activities.
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PMID:Therapeutic efficacy of Rosa damascena Mill. on acetaminophen-induced oxidative stress in albino rats. 2333 94

The objective of he present works was to analyse epidemiological parameters characterizing the prevalence of chronic tonsillitis morbidity and specific features of its local and systemic complications (the former included paratonsillar abscess, PA, while the latter acute rheumatic fever, ARF, and acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis, APSGN). The data subjected to the analysis comprised information collected by the Statistical Department of the Clinical Infectious Hospital No 1 for the past 10 years about the number of hospitalized patients having the diagnosis of tonsillitis in combination with PA and the data on the number of peritonsillar abscess drainage procedures performed between 2008 and 2010 (Statistical Department of S.P. Botkin City Clinical Hospital), the number of tonsillectomies, the prevalence of ARF and APSGN during the last 10 years (Medical Statistics Bureau of the Moscow Health Department), and the results of monitoring regular medical check-ups of the patients presenting with the above pathologies. The number of the patients hospitalized at the Clinical Infectious Hospital No 1 for the diagnosis of tonsillitis in combination with PA was shown to increase as well as the number of autopsies of the patients with PA performed at S.P. Botkin City Clinical Hospital. Simultaneously, the number of tonsillectomies in the clinics of Moscow Health Department decreased whereas the prevalence of ARF and APSGN and the number of the patients with chronic tonsillitis under dispensary observation for over 2 years increased. It is concluded that otorhinolaryngologists working in outpatient facilities must promptly identify indications for radical surgical sanitation of the pockets of chronic infection by means of bilateral tonsillectomy.
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PMID:[Peculiarities of epidemiology of chronic tonsillitis under current conditions of providing specialized aid to the patients presenting with ENT diseases]. 2388 65

A 10-year male patient presented with swelling in the face, legs and scrotal area which developed 8 days after tonsillitis treatment. Acute post-sterotococcal glomerulonephritis (APSGN) was considered in the patient whose urinalysis revealed hematuria and proteinuria at nephrotic level, whose urea, creatinine, lipid profile and anti-streptolysine O antibody levels were increased, albumin and C3 value were decreased and whose 24-hour urine test revealed proteinuria. Renal biopsy was found to be compatible with APSGN. In the follow-up, severe headache, vomiting and convulsion were observed under antihypertensive and diuretic treatment and when the blood pressure was 130/80 mmHg (the 99(th) percentile for the patient: 129/88 mmHg). During the follow-up, the blood pressure values increased to 160/90 mmHg. The electroencephalogram (EEG) performed was found to be normal and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings were compatible with posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES). MRI was found to be normal at the first month following antihypertensive and anticonvulsive treatment. In the first year of the follow-up, the blood pressure, neurological examination and urinalysis findings were found to be normal. This patient was presented to draw attention to the fact that PRES can also present with a blood pressure tending to increase and with blood pressure values which are not so high.
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PMID:A case of acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis that developed posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome. 2607 88