Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0040425 (tonsillitis)
 1,594 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Fundamental and clinical studies of aspoxicillin (ASPC, TA-058), a new penicillin antibiotic, were performed in pediatric field. Antimicrobial activity MIC of ASPC was compared with that of piperacillin (PIPC), ampicillin (ABPC) and carbenicillin (CBPC) for clinical isolates of S. aureus (24 strains), S. pyogenes (22 strains), H. influenzae (18 strains), E. coli (21 strains) and K. pneumoniae (23 strains). MIC of ASPC against S. pyogenes was distributed in less than 0.39 microgram/ml and this numerical value of MIC was very superior. MIC distributions of ASPC against S. aureus, H. influenzae and E. coli had 2 peaks respectively. It was presumed that the results are due to an existence of beta-lactamase producing strains. The sensitive strains in those were distributed in less than 1.56-12.5, less than or equal to 0.10 and 0.78-3.13 micrograms/ml, respectively, and those numerical value of MIC was superior. While against K. pneumoniae, all strains were distributed in more than 12.5 micrograms/ml and the antimicrobial activity of ASPC was very inferior. ASPC was as active as PIPC and ABPC against S. pyogenes, but more active then CBPC, ASPC was less active against S. aureus than PIPC and ABPC, but more active than CBPC. And ASPC was less active against H. influenzae and E. coli than PIPC, but more active than ABPC and CBPC. Against K. pneumoniae, strains that showed somewhat low numerical value of MIC at only PIPC were observed, but antimicrobial activities of ABPC and CBPC, as well as ASPC were very inferior. Absorption and excretion Serum level and urinary excretion of ASPC in 6 pediatric patients of 4 months to 12 years of age after one shot intravenous injection of 20 mg/kg were examined. The serum mean levels were 51.7 micrograms/ml at 1/4 hour, 38.2 micrograms/ml at 1/2 hour, 22.9 micrograms/ml at 1 hour, 3.0 micrograms/ml at 4 hours and 1.0 microgram/ml at 6 hours after injection, respectively. The mean half-life of serum level was 1.03 hours. The mean urinary levels were 4,646 micrograms/ml for 0-2 hours, 1,773 micrograms/ml for 2-4 hours and 299 micrograms/ml for 4-6 hours. The mean urinary recovery rate within 6 hours after injection was 64.7%. Clinical studies In order to evaluate clinical response, bacteriological response and side effects, ASPC was applied to 28 cases, i.e., 5 cases of acute purulent tonsillitis, 2 cases of acute purulent otitis media, 2 cases of acute bronchitis and 19 cases of acute pneumonia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[Fundamental and clinical studies on aspoxicillin in the pediatric field]. 385 60

Nasal sinusitis, tonsillitis, and pharyngolaryngitis typify upper respiratory tract infections, while bronchitis and pneumonia typify lower respiratory tract infections. Cases of paranasal sinusitis with severe suppuration are reportedly becoming less frequent, while those of chronic catarrhal paranasal sinusitis and edematous allergic paranasal sinusitis are becoming more so, The primary factor in paranasal sinusitis, a typical infectious disease encountered in otolaryngology, is bacterial infection. The main causative bacteria are Streptococcus pneumoniae, reported in 13.4% of cases, Haemophilus influenzae in 12.8% Moraxella catarrhalis in 5.5%, Staphylococcus aureus in 26.5%, Pseudomonas aeruginosa in 5.2%, and anaerobes. The incidence of strains resistant to antimicrobial agents has grown for S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, and M. catarrhalis and decreased for S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. Acute exacerbation or severe suppuration in chronic paranasal sinusitis requires the administration of antimicrobial agents, with the same agent administered 2 weeks for maximal effect. First-line agents are AMPC/CVA, SBTPC, CDTR-PI, CFPN-PI, and GFLX for adults, with ASPC, SBPC, ACPC, CTRX, CMZ, FMOX, PAPM/BP, and MEPM injected in severe cases. Attention must be paid to strains that resist cephems and macrolides, such as PISP, PRSP, and BLNAR. In refractory chronic paranasal sinusitis, attention must also be paid to biofilms produced by S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. Suitable antimicrobial agents should be determined for treating of chronic paranasal sinusitis, in addition to the best procedure to ensure early recovery from inflammation, such as puncturing or irrigating the maxillary sinus, injecting a suitable agent, nebulization, and/or surgically widening the middle meatus.
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PMID:[Bacteria isolated from chronic upper and lower respiratory tract infections and the associated therapeutic strategies--in paranasal sinusitis]. 1651 20