Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0040425 (tonsillitis)
 1,594 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The authors have carried out the laboratory and clinical studies of ceftizoxime (CZX), and obtained the following results. 1. The antibacterial activities of CZX were measured by plate dilution method against clinical isolates of S. aureus, E. coli, K. pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa. CZX inhibited the growth of S. aureus at concentrations less than 12.5 micrograms/ml, and the peak of sensitivity distribution was obtained at 3.13 micrograms/ml with an inoculum size of 10(6) cells/ml. And the peak sensitivity distribution of E. coli and K. pneumoniae were obtained at less than 0.1 microgram/ml and that of P. aeruginosa was obtained at 6.25 micrograms/ml. 2. Phagocytosis was determined by Quie's method. Phagocytosis of E. coli and K. pneumoniae by human polymorphonuclear neutrophil was more enhanced in the presence of 1 MIC and 1/2 MIC of CZX than of CEZ at 4 and 6 hours after incubation. 3. As for pharmacokinetic study, CZX was given by intravenous injection and drip infusion for 1 hour at a single dose of 10 mg/kg and 30 mg/kg. After intravenous injection of 10 mg/kg and 30 mg/kg of CZX, the mean peak serum levels were 19.1 +/- 3.4 micrograms/ml and 69.1 micrograms/ml at 30 minutes, and half-life times were 1.20 hours and 1.35 hours, respectively. After 1 hour drip infusion of 10 mg/kg and 30 mg/kg of CZX, the mean peak serum levels were 28.8 +/- 3.6 micrograms/ml and 60.9 +/- 5.9 micrograms/ml at the end of infusion, and half-life times were 1.40 hours and 1.77 hours, respectively. The mean urinary excretion rates were between 75.3% and 101% up to 6 hours after intravenous injection and drip infusion. 4. CZX was given to 4 cases with tonsillitis, 3 with pneumonia, 1 with enteritis, 4 with U.T.I., totaling 21 cases. A daily dose of CZX between 350 mg and 2,000 mg was given for 3 to 5 days. Clinical results obtained were good in all cases. No side effects and abnormal laboratory findings were observed.
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PMID:[Laboratory and clinical studies on ceftizoxime (author's transl)]. 627 14

CTM was administered at dose levels of 1 to 3 g a day to 77 cases of otorhinolaryngological infections, and the following results were obtained: The effect of the drug was determined in 75 cases. The responders were 3 out of 5 (60.0%) in acute suppurative otitis media, 4 out of 11 (36.4%) in chronic suppurative otitis media, 39 out of 43 (90.7%) in tonsillitis and peritonsillar abscess and 12 out of 16 (75.0%) in other diseases, a total of 58 out of 75 cases (77.3%). The bacteriological effect of CTM was evaluated in 53 cases, and bacterial eradication was demonstrated in 41 cases (77.4%). Also, its antibacterial potency was 2 to 4 times superior in comparison to that of CEZ against isolated bacteria in which MICs were measurable. Side effects which were neither severe nor specific were recognized in 3 out of 77 cases (3.9%). In the cases with abnormal laboratory values, none was determinable to be attributed to CTM.
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PMID:[Clinical effect of a cephalosporin derivative, cefotiam, on otorhinolaryngologic infections]. 632 39

T-1982 (cefbuperazone), a new injectable cephamycin antibiotic, was studied for its antibacterial activity, concentration in serum and urine, penetration into cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) as well as clinical application. The following results were obtained. 1. Antibacterial activity: The susceptibilities of clinically isolated K. pneumoniae, E. coli and E. cloacae to T-1982 were superior to those of CEZ CMZ, and ABPC. T-1982 seemed to be useful for various infections due to Gram-negative rods. 2. Concentration in serum and urine: Subjects were 10 children with congenital heart failure but no abnormal renal and liver functions. T-1982 was given intravenously to 3 groups at 200 mg/kg by one shot (4 cases), 20 mg/kg by 1 hour drip infusion (3 cases) and 10 mg/kg by 1 hour drip infusion (3 cases). The half-lives were 60, 78 and 85 minutes, respectively. 3. Penetration into cerebrospinal fluid: Three children with malignant tumor were injected 20 mg/kg intravenously. A small amount of T-1982 was penetrated into CSF. 4. Clinical efficacy: T-1982 was administered daily 40-116 mg/kg t.i.d. or q.i.d. for 2-14 days to 17 children comprising 1 bronchopneumonia, 1 bronchitis, 4 tonsillitis, 1 lymphadenitis, 1 sepsis, 1 pharyngitis, 1 impetigo, 1 acute sinusitis and 6 pyelonephritis. Clinical efficacy was excellent in 10, good in 2, fair and poor in 3, and the efficacy rate was 70.6%. Bacteriological effect was as follows; eradicated in 9 cases and unknown in 8 cases. As side effect, GOT and GPT elevations unrelated to the drug were observed in 2 cases. Other abnormal findings were not found. T-1982 seems to be safe antibiotic in the field of pediatrics.
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PMID:[Fundamental and clinical studies on T-1982 (cefbuperazone) in the field of pediatrics]. 634 37

As a result of conducting experimental and clinical tests with the newly developed cephalosporin, cefoperazone (CPZ), the following conclusions were obtained: (1) When tested against 10 strains of Staphylococcus aureus and 16 strains of Staphylococcus epidermidis, the antibacterial activity of CPZ was found to be weaker than that of CEZ. Against 5 strains of A-beta-Streptococcus and 4 strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae, both CPZ and CEZ exhibited similar excellent antibacterial activity. CPZ was effective against 18 strains of Escherichia coli though its activity was influenced by the amount of inoculated bacteria present. Against 15 strains of Haemophilus influenzae and 10 strains of Haemophilus parahaemolyticus, CPZ was found to be more effective than CEZ though several high-resistant strains were noted. CPZ also showed more excellent antibacterial activity than CEZ against 4 strains of Haemophilus parainfluenzae, 5 strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae, 8 strains of Salmonella sp., 4 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 4 strains of Proteus sp. (2) The mean half-life in the blood following intravenous injections of 25 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg of CPZ to three children was 70 minutes. (3) One hour after intravenous injection of 25 mg/kg of CPZ to 3 cases of aseptic meningitis, drug concentration in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was 1.20 mcg/ml, less than 0.39 mcg/ml and 1.55 mcg/ml. In one case, the CSF/serum ratio was 2.7%. (4) The average recovery rate in the urine of children who had received intravenous administrations of 25 mg/kg (3 children) and 10 mg/kg (1 child) was 17.8% between 0 and 6 hours. (5) Eighteen pediatric patients received CPZ in doses ranging from 48 to 170 mg/kg divided three-four times a day. They were RTI in 7, URI in 5, UTI in 5, SSSS in 1 and enteritis in 1 children. The clinical effectiveness of CPZ was judged to be remarkedly effective in 11 children, effective in 5 children and ineffective in 3 children, with an overall effective rate of 84.2%. One patient of tonsillitis combined sinusitis was considered 2 cases. The three cases in which the drug was found to e ineffective were 2 cases of pyothorax and 1 case of sinusitis. (6) Side effects were 1 case of eosinophilia, 2 cases of elevation of GOT and GPT, and 1 case of mild elevation of GOT. All were considered to be minor.
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PMID:[Fundamental and clinical studies of cefoperazone in children (author's transl)]. 645 30

Fundamental and clinical studies on cefpiramide (CPM), a new semisynthetic cephalosporin were performed and the following results were obtained. Antibacterial activity The antibacterial activity of CPM was investigated in comparison with those of CTT, CPZ, CEZ, LMOX and CFS. Against clinical isolates of S. aureus, CPM was superior to CTT and LMOX, but almost similar to CPZ and inferior to CEZ. Against E. coli, K. pneumoniae, P. mirabilis and S. marcescens, CPM showed the activity almost similar to that of CEZ, but inferior to those of the others. On the contrary, the activity of CPM against P. aeruginosa was satisfactory and was superior to those of CTT, CPZ and LMOX, but slightly inferior to that of CFS. Blood level and urinary recovery Twenty mg/kg of CPM was given intravenously at one shot to 3 patients. The mean serum levels of CPM were 116.9 micrograms/ml at 30 minutes, 90.5 micrograms/ml at 1 hour, 71.1 micrograms/ml at 2 hours, 55.8 micrograms/ml at 4 hours, 24.9 micrograms/ml at 6 hours, 19.3 micrograms/ml at 9 hours and 12.1 micrograms/ml at 12 hours after administration, respectively. The mean half-life was very long and the value was 3.85 hours. The urinary recovery rates in 2 cases were 18.31 and 21.47% respectively up to 12 hours after administration. Clinical results and side effects CPM was given intravenously to 30 diseases including 11 cases of bronchopneumonia, 3 cases of bronchopneumonia and pleurisy, 2 cases of bronchitis, 4 cases of purulent tonsillitis, 5 cases of pyelonephritis and each one case of pyothorax, parotitis, cellulitis, otitis media and salmonellosis. CPM was effective in 29 out of 30 cases, and the effective rate was 96.7%. As side effects, 2 cases of fever and 1 case of cough were observed, but no abnormality in clinical laboratory findings was observed.
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PMID:[Experimental and clinical evaluation of cefpiramide in pediatrics]. 665 42