Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0040425 (tonsillitis)
 1,594 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Ofloxacin is a 4-quinolone antibiotic with rapid bactericidal activity against a wide variety of organisms. Its proposed mechanism of activity is interference with DNA gyrase, an enzyme essential for the replication of bacterial DNA. In vitro activity of ofloxacin includes a variety of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. Enteric gram-negative bacilli and cocci are generally sensitive to ofloxacin; nonaeruginosa strains of Pseudomonas are less so. Numerous bacterial pathogens of the gastrointestinal tract are also sensitive to the drug. Although its MIC values for gram-positive aerobic organisms are generally higher, ofloxacin's bactericidal activity against these organisms is considered by some to be adequate, and superior to that of most other fluoroquinolones. Ofloxacin is well absorbed after oral administration. Wide tissue and body fluid distribution is demonstrated. Urinary excretion is thought to be the primary route of elimination, with 80% of the dose recovered in the urine within 24 hours. The serum half-life ranges between 2.9 and 9 hours in a dose-dependent manner. Only modest accumulation is reported after multiple-dose administration. Clinical trials using daily dosages of 100-800 mg/day in single or divided doses have been reported in the treatment of a variety of conditions such as skin and soft tissue infections, tonsillitis, sexually transmitted disease, respiratory tract infections, cystitis, and complicated and uncomplicated urinary tract infections. English reports of these trials, however, are generally limited to abstract form, making evaluation of trial design difficult. Side effects most frequently encountered include gastrointestinal and central nervous system reactions.
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PMID:Ofloxacin: its pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and potential for clinical application. 328 54

A multi-centered clinical study was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of ofloxacin in otorhinolaryngological infections in Japan. Ofloxacin was used at a dosage of 300 mg to 800 mg daily for three to 20 days in 206 cases of various infectious diseases in the otorhinolaryngological field such as otitis media, external otitis, paranasal sinusitis, tonsillitis and pharyngolaryngitis. Its efficacy rate was 79.9%. Minor side effects were seen in three cases (1.5%), gastro-intestinal disorders in two and headache in one. The antibacterial activity of ofloxacin was compared with the activity of pipemidic acid, nalidixic acid and norfloxacin against clinically isolated microorganisms. Ofloxacin was highly superior to pipemidic acid and nalidixic acid, and slightly more active than or equivalent to norfloxacin.
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PMID:Clinical efficacy of ofloxacin in the treatment of otorhinolaryngological infections. 354 57

A number of 150 samples were prelevated from respiratory tract secretions of 88 patients with respiratory infections and three healthy subjects; 162 haemophilus strains were isolated, identified and studied and the following results were obtained: H. parainfluenzae was isolated from tonsillitis and laryngitis--over 70%, bronchitis--58% and pharyngitis--56.6%; H. influenzae was isolated from pharyngitis--26.4%, bronchitis--16.1% and tonsillitis--13.6% cases; H. parahaemolyticus from bronchitis--19.3%, tonsillitis--13.6% and laryngitis. H. paraphrophilus was isolated (6.8%) from pharyngitis, tonsillitis, sinusitis, bronchitis and pulmonary abscess and H. paraphrohaemolyticus was isolated--4.5% from pharyngitis, synusitis, bronchitis and pulmonary sarcoidosis. Most of the isolates belonged to biotype II H. influenzae and biotypes II, I, III H. parainfluenzae. Haemophils were 100% sensitive to Ofloxacin and resistant to Cro--13.5%, Do--17.9%, C and Caz--22.2%, Aml--24.6%, Rd--40.7%, Amp--41.9% and Te--63.5%; varying according to the haemophilus species. H. influenzae was resistant to Do--14.2%, Caz and C--21.4%, H. parainfluenzae was resistant to Cro--11%, Do--22%, whilst H. parahaemolyticus was resistant to Do--9% and to Aml, Caz and Cro--13.6%. Haemophils isolated from sputum showed a resistance higher by 12-34% and 6-17% than those isolated from other specimens, such as pharyngeal exudate, where the resistance to rifadin was lower by 10%. beta-lactamases were present in 27.7% of the strains: H. parainfluenzae--36%, H. paraphrohaemolyticus--25%, H. influenzae--17.8% and H. parahaemolyticus--15.7%; in strains from sputum--34.2%, pharyngeal exudate--28.8% and from other specimens--6.6%. No correlations were noticed between the biotype and the clinical manifestation or the resistance to the antibiotic, a higher frequency of beta-lactamase production being reported in H. influenzae biotype V and H. parainfluenzae biotypes II and IV.
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PMID:Frequency and distribution per species, biotypes, resistance to antibiotics and beta-lactamase production of the haemophils isolated from patients with respiratory diseases. 1184 30