UMLS:C0040425 - FACTA Search

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Query: UMLS:C0040425 (tonsillitis)
1,594 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Forty-eight cases of otorhinolaryngological infections were treated with amoxicillin (AMPC) at a daily dose of 750mg. The clinical and microbiological effects were studied, and the results were summarized as follows. 1. The subjects comprised 20 cases of otitis media, 10 of tonsillitis, 4 of sinusitis, 4 of chroditis, 2 bronchitis, 5 of furuncle of the ear and 3 of furuncle of the nose. The clinical effective rate of AMPC was 82.9%, and the microbiological effective rate was 80.6%. 2. The effect of AMPC against strains isolated from the above diseases was also studied. The effective rate against Streptococcus was 91.6% and against Staphylococcus 83.3%. 3. Side effects were observed in 4 cases (one of diarrhea, two of abdominal discomfort and one of lingual pain), but none of them was so severe as the use of AMPC should have been discontinued.
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PMID:[Clinical use of amoxicillin in the otorhinolaryngological field (authors's transl)]. 93 32

Amoxicillin granule (100 mg AMPC potency per 1.0 g granule) was administered to pediatric patients with the following results. 1) AAMPC serum concentration and the urinary recovery of two preparations (Clamoxyl 'Beecham' and Sawacillin 'Fujisawa') granule were compared in a cross over trial in 5 healthy adult volunteers. No significant difference in the results was observed between the two granules. 2) The peak serum concentration after oral administration of 10 mg/kg AMPC to 5 children gave an average of 5.06 mug/ml 1 hour after administration. The 6-hour urinary excretion was distributed 51.4 approximatley 78.9%. 3) AMPC was administered at a dose of about 20 mg/kg/day to 35 children with acute pediatric infections that is scarlet fever, acute tonsillitis, tonsillitis lacunalis, acute bronchitis, bronchial asthma +bronchitis and infectious impetigo. An effective therapeutic result was obtained in all cases. 4) The granule was well accepted by young children, and at a dose level of about 20 mg/kg/day for a week no disorder on hepatorenal function was observed in any og the patients.
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PMID:[Clinical investigation of amoxicillin (clamoxyl 'Beecham') granules in pediatrics (author's transl)]. 104 99

Cefdinir (CFDN), a newly developed oral cephalosporin in a 10% fine granular form, was administered to 8 children and concentrations of the drug in plasma and urine and urinary recovery rates of the drug were determined. The subjects were divided into 2 groups of 4 children each; one group received 3 mg/kg of CFDN at 1 hour before meal (in the fasting state), and the other, at 30 minutes after meal. To study clinical and bacteriological effects of this drug, a mean dose of 4.8 mg/kg t.i.d. was administered for 8 days on the average to 9 children with various infections; tonsillitis (3 cases), acute bronchitis (1), pneumonia (1), acute purulent otitis media (1), urinary tract infection (2), and impetigo (1). MICs were determined for 6 drugs including CFDN, cefaclor, cefixime (CFIX), methicillin, cloxacillin, amoxicillin (AMPC) against 4 strains freshly isolated from children receiving CFDN. An inoculum size of 10(6) cfu/ml was used in the MIC-determinations. Adverse reactions and abnormal laboratory findings attributable to this drug were also examined in these children. The results obtained are summarized as follows. 1. Mean plasma peak levels of CFDN were observed at 2 hours after administration in the before-meal group and 4 or 5 hours after administration in the after-meal group mean peak values of 0.88 and 0.50 micrograms/ml, respectively. Mean half-lives were 1.61 hours in the before-meal group and 2.54 hours in the after-meal group, and mean AUCs were 4.24 in the former and 3.59 micrograms.hr/ml in the latter. 2. Mean urinary peak concentrations of CFDN were observed during 2-4 hours after dosing in the before-meal group and during 6-8 hours in the after-meal group with values of 93.3 and 44.8 micrograms/ml, respectively, in cases for which plasma concentrations of drugs were determined. Mean urinary recovery rates during the first 8 hours after administration in the before- and after-meal groups were 16.6 and 13.4%, respectively. 3. Good clinical effects were obtained with an efficacy rate of 100% in 9 patients with 6 diseases due to bacterial infections. 4. Good bacteriological effects were also obtained against 2 strains of Streptococcus pyogenes, 2 strains of Escherichia coli and 1 strain of Haemophilus influenzae with an eradication rate of 100%. In 3 cases of these and another case (normal flora), strains present before the study were replaced by other strains.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[Pharmacokinetics and clinical effects of cefdinir 10% fine granules in pediatrics]. 149 97

Cefdinir (CFDN), a newly developed oral cephalosporin in 5% fine granular form, was administered to 10 boys at 1 hour before meal (in the fasting state) and concentrations of the drug in plasma and urine and its urinary recovery rates were determined. The subjects were divided into 2 groups of 5 boys each; one group received 3 mg/kg of CFDN, and the other, 6 mg/kg. To 6 of the 10 children the drug was administered in the two different dose levels using the cross-over method. To study clinical and bacteriological effects of this drug, a mean dose of 4.6 mg/kg t.i.d. was administered for 8 days on the average to 40 children with various infections; pharyngitis (4 cases), tonsillitis (2), acute bronchitis (2), pneumonia (8), scarlet fever (6), acute purulent otitis media (1), urinary tract infection (12), impetigo (2), phlegmon (1), lymphadenitis (1) and subcutaneous abscess (1). MICs were determined for 6 drugs including CFDN, cefaclor, cefixime (CFIX), methicillin, cloxacillin (MCIPC), amoxicillin (AMPC) against 13 strains of 6 species freshly isolated from children receiving CFDN. An inoculum size of 10(6) cfu/ml was used in the MIC-determinations. Adverse reactions and abnormal laboratory findings attributable to this drug were also examined in these patients. The results obtained are summarized as follows. 1. Mean plasma peak levels of CFDN were observed at 3 hours after administration in both the 3 mg/kg and 6 mg/kg groups with mean peak values of 0.68 and 1.35 micrograms/ml, respectively. Mean half-lives were 2.06 hours in the 3 mg/kg group and 1.61 hours in the 6 mg/kg group, and mean AUCs were 3.5 in the former and 6.5 micrograms.hr/ml in the latter. Thus, dose-response between the 2 doses was observed in plasma levels and AUCs. 2. To 3 patients, CFDN was given in the two different doses using the cross-over method. Mean plasma peak levels of CFDN were 0.71 and 1.31 micrograms/ml in the doses of 3 mg/kg and 6 mg/kg, respectively. Half-lives were 1.39-2.90 hours in the 3 mg/kg group and 1.21-1.48 hours in the 6 mg/kg group, with AUCs of 3.4-3.7 and 4.1-7.5 micrograms.hr/ml, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[Pharmacokinetics and clinical effects of cefdinir 5% fine granules in pediatrics]. 208 19

The failure of penicillin to eradicate Group A beta-haemolytic streptococcal tonsillitis may be caused by beta-lactamase producing bacteria in the tonsillar tissue. A prospective randomized clinical study comparing the efficacy of penicillin-V potassium with amoxycillin plus clavulanate potassium (Augmentin) in the treatment of acute episodes of recurrent streptococcal tonsillitis was conducted. Twenty children were included in each group. Surface tonsillar cultures were obtained before therapy, ten days after termination of therapy, and then once every two months for up to one year. beta-Lactamase producing aerobic and anaerobic bacteria were present in 34 of the 40 (85%) tonsillar cultures prior to treatment. Group A beta-haemolytic streptococci were eradicated in 14 of 20 (70%) patients treated with penicillin and in all those treated with amoxycillin/clavulanate potassium (P less than 0.001). In a one-year follow-up, 11 of the 19 patients treated with penicillin and two of the 18 treated with amoxycillin/clavulanate potassium had recurrent streptococcal tonsillitis (P less than 0.005). This study demonstrates the efficacy of amoxycillin/clavulanate potassium in the therapy of acute episodes of recurrent tonsillitis and prevention of recurrent infection.
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PMID:Treatment of patients with acute recurrent tonsillitis due to group A beta-haemolytic streptococci: a prospective randomized study comparing penicillin and amoxycillin/clavulanate potassium. 211 Sep 40

Cefpodoxime proxetil (CPDX-PR, CS-807) is a new oral cephem derivative drug in which carboxylic acid was esterified to the 4-position of CPDX (oxime type cephem antibiotic). CPDX-PR is hydrolyzed mainly with esterase in intestinal wall and CPDX exists as an active form in body fluid. While there are numerous study reports using CPDX-PR in tablet forms in Japan, the dry syrup formula for pediatric use was newly developed. The dry syrup of CPDX-PR was orally administered 20 minutes after meal to the 6 boys of ages from 8 years and 1 month to 10 years and 10 months, with doses of 3 and 6 mg/kg, respectively, for 3 cases each. Serum concentrations and urinary concentrations and recovery rate of the drug were investigated. In addition to the above, the clinical and bacteriological studies were performed in a total of 105 cases consisting of children with ages ranging from 2 months to 11 years and 8 months, upon administering an average dose of 3.4 mg/kg, 3 to 4 times per day (96 cases of 3 times and 9 cases of 4 times). The 105 cases included 13 cases of pharyngitis, 21 cases of tonsillitis, 4 cases of acute bronchitis, 6 cases of pneumonia, 1 case of pleurisy, 13 cases of scarlet fever, 41 cases of urinary tract infection, 3 cases of posthitis and 3 cases of bacillary dysentery. Drug sensitivity test was performed for the following strains: (i) Strains retained by our department; 52 strains of Streptococcus pyogenes, 18 strains of Streptococcus agalactiae, and 11 strains of Bordetella pertussis, and (ii) strains isolated from cases to which CPDX-PR was administered; 2 strains of Staphylococcus aureus, 8 strains of S. pyogenes, 2 strains of Haemophilus influenzae, 10 strains of Escherichia coli, and 1 strain of Proteus mirabilis. Drug sensitivities of the strains retained by our department were tested with the inoculum sizes of 10(8) and 10(6) cfu/ml for R-3746 (Na-salt of CPDX), cefaclor (CCL), cephalexin (CEX), amoxicillin (AMPC), and methicillin (DMPPC), and those against strains separated from the cases to which CPDX-PR was administered were tested with the same inoculum sizes for R-3746, CCL, CEX, cefadroxil, ampicillin (ABPC), DMPPC and cloxacillin (MCIPC). Adverse reactions and abnormal clinical laboratory test results were also examined.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies on cefpodoxime proxetil dry syrup in the field of pediatrics]. 268 64

Rokitamycin (RKM), a newly developed macrolide antibiotic with a 16-membered ring, dissolves well under acidic conditions. It has been improved over other macrolides to minimize individual variations in its absorbability. We measured, using the GA-test, variations in gastric acidities of 43 children with ages between 1 to 14 years, and investigated the relationship between gastric acidities and pharmacokinetic values. Also activities (expressed in MICs) of antimicrobial agents were studied against clinically isolated 229 bacterial strains using an inoculum size of 10(6) cells/ml. Tested organisms included Streptococcus pyogenes (77 strains), Streptococcus agalactiae (29), Streptococcus pneumoniae (2), as Gram-positive cocci, and Haemophilus influenzae (1), Haemophilus parainfluenzae (1), Bordetella pertussis (12), Salmonella sp. (4) and Campylobacter jejuni (103) as Gram-negative bacilli. Against stock strains of bacteria, MICs of 10 drugs (RKM, erythromycin (EM), josamycin (JM), midecamycin (MDM), midecamycin acetate (MOM), clindamycin (CLDM), amoxicillin (AMPC), cefaclor (CCL), minocycline, ofloxacin (OFLX] were determined. Against isolates from patients who underwent treatment with RKM, MICs of only 4 drugs (RKM, EM, JM, MOM) were determined. Measurements were made on plasma and urinary concentrations of RKM and its urinary recovery rates after patients including 6 boys with ages between 5 years 1 month and 11 years 6 months were administered with RKM (dry syrup). Two groups of 6 boys were administered between meals with RKM at dose levels of 5 and 10 mg/kg, respectively. Clinical and bacteriological effects of RKM were evaluated for 175 patients including 5 cases of pharyngitis, 3 tonsillitis, 32 pneumonia, 17 mycoplasmal pneumonia, 34 atypical pneumonia, 28 streptococcal infections, 29 Campylobacter enteritis, 4 Salmonella gastroenteritis, and 23 enteritis due to unknown organisms. Five drop-out cases were excluded from the evaluations. In the evaluable cases, an average dose level used was 31.8 mg/kg/day, with a daily dose divided into 3 to 4 administrations and with an average treatment duration of 9 days. Adverse reactions of RKM and its effects on laboratory test values were investigated in these patients including the drop out cases. Obtained results of these studies are summarized below. 1. The GA-test produced pH values indicating that amounts of gastric acid were mostly either normal or high in 42 of the 43 subjects tested (97.7%), and only one low acid case (2.3%) was observed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[Microbiological, pharmacokinetic and clinical studies of rokitamycin dry syrup in the pediatric field]. 305 Jan 86

Cefuroxime axetil (CAE), an orally absorbed prodrug of cefuroxime, was evaluated for its efficacy and safety in the treatment of upper respiratory tract infections (tonsillitis, pharyngitis, sinusitis and otitis media) in general practice in the United Kingdom. A total of 385 patients aged 14 or over were enrolled in a randomized study to compare cefuroxime axetil 250 mg b.d. for 5 days with amoxycillin/clavulanate (Augmentin, AUG) 375 mg t.d.s. for 5 days. Of 175 clinically assessable patients treated with cefuroxime axetil, 136 were cured and 33 improved (97% success rate). Of 188 assessable patients given Augmentin, 155 were cured and 29 improved (98% success rate). Sixty-four patients treated with cefuroxime axetil were evaluable for bacteriological response: 47 (73%) of the causative pathogens were eradicated, as compared with 62 of 86 (72%) in patients treated with Augmentin. Thirteen out of 181 (7%) patients treated with cefuroxime axetil experienced drug-related adverse events, including 4% with diarrhoea. In the Augmentin group 24 out of 204 (12%) patients had a drug-related adverse event, including 5% with diarrhoea. In conclusion, cefuroxime axetil at a dose of 250 mg b.d. appears to be as safe and effective as Augmentin at the higher dose of 375 mg t.d.s. in the treatment of upper respiratory tract infections.
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PMID:A comparison of the efficacy and safety of cefuroxime axetil and augmentin in the treatment of upper respiratory tract infections. 358 35

Fundamental and clinical studies on cefixime (CFIX), a new oral cephem antibiotic, were carried out in the pediatric field. The results were as follows: Serum concentrations and urinary recovery rates were determined after oral administration of CFIX at doses of 3 mg/kg and 6 mg/kg in 2 cases each (4 cases in total). The mean serum concentrations of CFIX were 0.52 and 0.58 micrograms/ml at 2 hours, 0.80 and 1.42 micrograms/ml at 4 hours, 0.73 and 1.36 micrograms/ml at 6 hours, 0.54 and 1.12 micrograms/ml at 8 hours, respectively. The mean peak serum concentration of CFIX was obtained at 4 hours after administration, with serum half-lives (T1/2) of 3.77 and 5.30 hours, respectively. The mean cumulative urinary recovery rates within 12 hours after administration of CFIX at doses of 3 mg/kg and 6 mg/kg were 8.4% and 6.8%, respectively. Antibacterial activities of CFIX against clinically isolated strains of S. pyogenes, S. pneumoniae. E. faecalis, S. aureus, E. coli, H. influenzae, H. parainfluenzae were compared with those of amoxicillin (AMPC), cefaclor (CCL), and cephalexin (CEX). It was observed that CFIX was a little less active than AMPC against S. pyogenes and S. pneumoniae, but CFIX was more active than CCL and CEX. CFIX was the most active against E. coli, H. influenzae and H. parainfluenzae. Twenty-one pediatric patients with bacterial infections (10, tonsillitis; 4, pharyngitis; and 7, urinary tract infections) were treated with CFIX at doses of 1.5-6.0 mg/kg in 2 or 3 times daily for 4-10 days. The efficacy rate was 95.2% clinically and 91.3% bacteriologically. No adverse reactions were observed. An abnormal laboratory finding (slight elevation of S-GOT and S-GPT) was observed in 1 case.
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PMID:[Fundamental and clinical studies on cefixime in the pediatric field]. 376 38

Bacteriological, pharmacokinetic, and clinical studies of cefixime (CFIX), a newly developed oral cephalosporin, was conducted in our pediatric department as outlined below. Bacteriology The prevalent MICs of CFIX by microbiological species, compared with those of the reference drugs, were detailed below. Against 16 strains of S. aureus, the MICs averaged 6.25 micrograms/ml, and were found to be nearly the same as the MICs of amoxicillin (AMPC) but higher than those of cephalexin (CEX) and cefaclor (CCL). For 4 strains of S. pyogenes, the MICs averaged 0.05 microgram/ml, and were higher than the MICs of AMPC but lower than those of CEX and CCL. Mean MICs of CFIX against other clinical isolates were lower than those of CEX, CCL, or AMPC; E. coli (20 strains), 3.13 micrograms/ml; K. pneumoniae (9), 0.10 microgram/ml; P. mirabilis (16), 0.025 microgram/ml; P. vulgaris (5), 0.10 microgram/ml; H. influenzae (11), 0.05 microgram/ml; and S. typhimurium (4), 0.10 microgram/ml. The MICs of CFIX against 10 strains of P. aeruginosa were distributed at and above 25 micrograms/ml, a range much lower than greater than or equal to 100 micrograms/ml for CEX, CCL, or AMPC. Pharmacokinetics The serum concentrations and urinary recovery were studied in 3 children ranging from age 7 to 13. They were given CFIX on empty stomach in 2 different single doses of 3 and 6 mg/kg in a cross-over design. Average serum CFIX concentrations were dose-dependent, as evidenced by the respective peak concentrations of 1.70 microgram/ml for a 3 mg/kg dosage and 2.72 micrograms/ml for 6 mg/kg, which were attained 4 hours after the administration of the drug. The average half-lives of CFIX in the serum were 3.09 hours and 3.11 hours, respectively, and the 12-hour serum concentrations were 0.32 microgram/ml and 0.77 microgram/ml, respectively, for the 2 different dose levels. The average 12-hour urinary recovery was 25.2% and 22.3%, respectively. Clinical study Clinical effectiveness, bacteriological effectiveness, and side effects were studied in 27 children with infection including 4 patients with acute pharyngitis, 13 with acute purulent tonsillitis, 5 with acute pneumonia, 3 with urinary tract infection, and 1 each with acute rhinitis and acute bronchitis. One child with acute pneumonia (Mycoplasma pneumonia) was excluded from the study. The therapeutic effectiveness was "excellent" in 21, "good" in 3, "fair" in 1, and "poor" in 1, with an effectiveness rate of 92.3%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[Fundamental and clinical studies on cefixime in pediatrics]. 376 39

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