Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0040425 (tonsillitis)
 1,594 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The only treatment method in chronic palatine tonsillitis is the removal of tonsils (tonsillectomy). The study aimed at a clinical evaluation of postoperative fusafungine use in patients who underwent tonsillectomy. The study included 200 patients who underwent tonsillectomy for chronic palatine pyotonsillitis in the Otolaryngology Clinic of the Military Institute for the Health Services in Warsaw between 2000 and 2002. The patients were divided into two groups, each group including 100 patients: group I--patients who underwent tonsillectomy, including 67 females and 33 males, aged 16 to 52 (mean age 34.8), in whom fusafungine was used; group II--patients who underwent tonsillectomy, including 58 females and 42 males, aged 17 to 56 (mean age 36.1), who did not receive fusafungine. The subjects were observed during the first 14 days following the operation. The treatment was administered from the first day after the operation, by spraying 4 doses into the throat, 4 times a day, at 8.00 hrs, 12.00 hrs, 16.00 hrs and 20.00 hrs. The two groups were then compared in terms of: symptoms of sore throat, body temperature, swallowing difficulties, the course of healing, appearance of the pharyngeal mucosa, quality of life and general affection. Post-tonsillectomy fusafungine use was found to improve the patients' quality of life, appeases the sore throat and swallowing difficulties, decreases the need for general antibiotic therapy; the above results are statistically significant. Fusafungine was not found to influence body temperature, the appearance of the pharyngeal mucosa or the healing process.
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PMID:[Application of the fusafungine in perioperative period in patients after tonsillectomy]. 1551 33

Diphtheria is a very rare condition in the developed world today with the advent of immunisation. Studies from the populations of England and Wales, however, suggest a recent increase in the number of notified cases. Sore throat due to a tonsillitis is the most common manifestation and can, thus, present to the clinician. It can also present as, or be complicated by, life-threatening upper airway obstruction. This case demonstrates the former and highlights the latter, in an attempt to raise awareness of a condition which may be seen more frequently in the future.
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PMID:Should we be concerned about diphtheria in the UK? 1557 Aug 33

The potential role of anaerobic bacteria in acute tonsillitis was investigated in a retrospective study that evaluated the efficacy of antimicrobial therapy with metronidazole on the management of acute episodes of non-beta-hemolytic streptococcal tonsillitis (NST). Forty children suffering from NST were included, 20 that were treated with metronidazole 250 mg b.i.d. for 10 day, and 20 that had received no therapy. The efficacy of therapy was evaluated by the ability to alleviate the symptoms of acute infection. As compared with the untreated group, the group that received metronidazole, had a significant reduction in fever and sore throat one day after initiation of therapy, a significant reduction in the presence of fever, pharyngeal injection and sore throat within 2 days, and reduction in pharyngeal injection and tonsillar size at day 3. These findings illustrated that metronidazole therapy was more efficacious than no therapy in relieving the signs and symptoms of acute episodes of NST. These findings should encourage further studies that are prospective and blinded that are needed to evaluate the use of antimicrobials effective against anaerobic bacteria in the treatment of non-GABHS (group A-beta-hemolytic streptococcus) tonsillitis.
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PMID:Treatment of non-streptococcal tonsillitis with metronidazole. 1562 49

PFAPA syndrome (periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis, adenopathy) is characterized by abrupt onset of fever, malaise, aphthous stomatitis, tonsillitis, pharyngitis and cervical adenopathy. The age of onset of the disease is four years, with a range of 6 months to 7 years. The syndrome is sporadic and nonhereditary. Long-term sequelae do not develop. A nine- year-old boy presented with sore throat, fever and oral aphthae. After taking a throat culture, he was prescribed oral antipyretic and was called for a follow-up visit the next day. As the culture result was negative, he was given a single dose prednisolone with the suspected diagnosis of PFAPA. Twenty-four hours later his temperature was 36.8 degrees C, with all his complaints regressed. Twenty-two days later the patient was again admitted to our hospital with the same complaints. Again, single dose oral prednisolone was given after a throat culture. On the next day the patient was free of all symptoms and the culture was again normal. To our knowledge this is the first PFAPA case report from Turkey in the literature.
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PMID:PFAPA syndrome: a rare cause of periodic fever. 1564 Dec 71

A randomised clinical trial was conducted to establish whether written instructions, in addition to verbal ones, significantly improve adherence to antibiotic treatment for acute sore throat in comparison with verbal instructions only. Patients were selected by consecutive sampling at seven primary healthcare surgeries. The pill count average was 87.4+/-25.2% and it was higher in the intervention group (93.7+/-24.5%) than in the control group (81.1+/-24.5%) (P < 0.05). Absolute risk reduction was 14% (95% confidence interval (CI), -3.77 to 26.56); relative risk reduction was 24.9% (95% CI, -11.04 to 58.28); the number needed to treat was 8.77. Written instructions, in addition to verbal ones, significantly improve compliance with antibiotic treatment in tonsillitis of acute sore throat in comparison with verbal instructions only.
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PMID:The effect of written information on adherence to antibiotic treatment in acute sore throat. 1596 Dec 89

Fusobacterium necrophorum, an anaerobic, Gram-negative rod, has been identified recently as a significant cause of persistent sore throat syndrome (PSTS). This disease is characterised by chronic, recurrent or persistent sore throat, which is believed to respond poorly to penicillin in vivo. The aim of this study is to examine the prevalence of F. necrophorum in all throat swabs received in our diagnostic microbiology department and to compare the results with those for other recognised respiratory pathogens. All throat swabs received in the laboratory over a four-week period were cultured for beta-haemolytic streptococcus groups A, C and G, Corynebacterium diphtheriae, Arcanobacterium haemolyticum and F. necrophorum. Latex agglutination techniques, phenotypic reactions and antibiograms are used to identify these organisms. The age of the patient and the clinical details as stated on the request form were noted. Among a total of 248 samples, 27 were positive for beta-haemolytic streptococcus group A, two were positive for beta-haemolytic streptococcus group C, five were positive for beta-haemolytic streptococcus group G and 24 were positive for F. necrophorum. The most common isolate in the under 20 age group was beta-haemolytic streptococcus group A. In the over 20 age group, F. necrophorum was the pathogen most frequently isolated. A clinical diagnosis of 'sore throat' was most likely to be positive for beta-haemolytic streptococcus group A, a clinical diagnosis of PSTS was most likely to be positive for F. necrophorum and a clinical diagnosis of 'tonsillitis' was equally likely to be caused by beta-haemolytic streptococcus group A or F. necrophorum. beta-haemolytic streptococcus group A was present in 11% of the samples and F. necrophorum was present in 10% of the samples. In total, these two pathogens accounted for 18.5% of throat infections in the sampled group. The results show that F. necrophorum is as significant a cause of throat infection as is beta-haemolytic streptococcus group A. Examination of this provisional data suggests that targeting culture towards these two pathogens may be possible in certain cohorts of patients if more precise clinical data are received from medical staff. However, based on the clinical symptoms routinely provided by clinicians requesting microscopy, culture and sensitivity on throat swabs, F. necrophorum culture is required on all throat swabs received in the laboratory.
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PMID:Prevalence of Fusobacterium necrophorum and other upper respiratory tract pathogens isolated from throat swabs. 1599 79

The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical prediction criteria for group A beta hemolytic streptococcal (GABHS) pharyngitis in patients with upper respiratory tract infections (URTI). A total of 276 patients admitted to the Ministry of Internal Affairs outpatient clinics with URTI complaints, were included to the study. The clinical findings of the patients were recorded and throat cultures were obtained. The clinical signs and symptoms were as follows; sore throat (56.2%), hypertrophic tonsillitis (53.9%), pharyngeal erythema (50.7%), fever (48.9%), cervical lymphadenopathy (42.8%) and tonsillar exudates (18.5%). The total GABHS isolation rate from throat cultures of the patients were found as 15.9%, and these rates were 19.7% in children, and 7% in adults. Multivariate analysis of the results revealed that the patients with hypertrophic tonsils had GABHS isolation rate seven times more than the patients without hypertrophic tonsils (Odds ratio: 7, confidence interval: 1.4-98, p = 0.017). In conclusion, correct assessment of physical examination findings in the clinical diagnosis of GABHS pharyngitis, will result in less laboratory testing and antibiotic use for sore throat patients.
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PMID:[Short communication: clinical predictors of group A beta hemolytic streptococci isolation in upper respiratory tract infections]. 1635 93

The clinical findings of genococcal infection (oral and genital) and the clinical effect of ceftiaxone (CTRX) and cefditoren (CDTR) administration were studied in Commercial Sex Workers (CSW). The gonococci were detected by DNA probe method (mouth), PCR method (genitals) and ELISA method (chlamydial antibody detection). 1) In the oral infection group (n = 20), chlamydial infection (65%), herpes infection (25%), and genital gonococcal infection (35%) were noted. Pharyngeal pain was observed in 9 out of 9 patients with tonsillitis and 4 out of 11 patients with pharyngitis. High fever and cervical lymphadenopathy were observed in 3 out of 9 patients with tonsillitis. 40% (8/20) of the partners had infections. Both CTRX administration (1 - 2 g/day x 3 days) (n = 11) and consecutive administration of CDTR (300 mg/day x 3 - 7 days) following CTRX administration (1 - 2 g/days x 1 - 3 days) (n = 9) were effective in all patients. 2) In the genital infection group (n = 35), chlamydial infection (65.7%), herpes infection (25.7%) and oral gonococcal infection (17.1%) were observed in 3 out of 6 patients with tonsillitis and 3 out of 6 patients with pharyngitis. The treatment was effective in all patients in the CTRX (1 - 2 g/day x 2 - 3 days) group (n = 14), CDTR (300 mg/day x 5 - 7 days) group (n = 5) and consecutive administration of CDTR (300 mg/day x 3 - 7 days) after CTRX (1 - 2 g/day x 1 - 3 days) and (n = 14). In pelvic peritonitis (n = 2), CTRX administration (2 - 4 g/day x 3 - 7 days) were effective.
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PMID:[Clinical effect of ceftriaxone and cefditoren administration against oral and genital gonococcal infection]. 1667 80

In this study, the clinical and laboratory features of 26 infectious mononucleosis (IMN) cases who have been diagnosed between the years of 1984-2005 were evaluated retrospectively. The mean age of the patients was 26+/-11 years, the rate of being hospitalized was 65%, and mean hospitalization period was 9.2+/-6 days. Fever (81%), weakness (50%), sore throat (50%), headache (50%) and swollen neck (35%) were the most common symptoms, while in the physical examination cervical lymphadenopathy (81%), splenomegaly (69%), hyperemic pharynx (65%), hepatomegaly (54%) and tonsillitis (50%) were observed. Laboratory results yielded leukocytosis in 21%, leucopenia in 12%, anemia in 44%, thrombocytopenia in 5% and elevated transaminase levels in 84% of the patients. Of the patients 15 (57.7%) had the history of using antibiotics before the diagnosis. Serological diagnosis was performed by Paul-Bunnel test and/or IgM positivity against Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) viral capsid antigen (VCA). Tonsillo-pharyngitis secondary to edema and respiratory distress due to lymphadenopathy pressure were detected in four patients, whereas pancytopenia was established only in one patient, as complications. This study emphasized that, although IMN is a self-limited infection, the diagnostic difficulties may arise when the clinical course is atypical, and rarely seen life-threatening complications may also develop during IMN course.
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PMID:[Retrospective evaluation of patients who were diagnosed as infectious mononucleosis between 1984-2005]. 1742 57

Human infection with Fusobacterium necrophorum usually involves F. necrophorum subsp. funduliforme rather than F. necrophorum subsp. necrophorum, which is a common pathogen in animals. Lemierre's syndrome, or postanginal sepsis, is the most common life-threatening manifestation. Tonsillitis is followed by septic thrombophlebitis of the internal jugular vein and then a septicemia with septic emboli in lungs and other sites. Recent evidence suggests that F. necrophorum can be limited to the throat and cause persistent or recurrent tonsillitis. F. necrophorum is unique among non-spore-forming anaerobes, first for its virulence and association with Lemierre's syndrome as a monomicrobial infection and second because it seems probable that it is an exogenously acquired infection. The source of infection is unclear; suggestions include acquisition from animals or human-to-human transmission. Approximately 10% of published cases are associated with infectious mononucleosis, which may facilitate invasion. Recent work suggests that underlying thrombophilia may predispose to internal jugular vein thrombophlebitis. Lemierre's syndrome was relatively common in the preantibiotic era but seemed to virtually disappear with widespread use of antibiotics for upper respiratory tract infection. In the last 15 years there has been a rise in incidence, possibly related to restriction in antibiotic use for sore throat.
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PMID:Human infection with Fusobacterium necrophorum (Necrobacillosis), with a focus on Lemierre's syndrome. 1793 77


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