Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0040425 (tonsillitis)
 1,594 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Ten-day, double-blind, randomized, parallel treatment regimens of loracarbef (200 mg capsule twice daily or 15 mg/kg/day oral suspension in two divided doses up to a maximum of 375 mg/day; n = 169) and penicillin V (250 mg capsule four times daily or 20 mg/kg/day suspension in four divided doses up to a maximum of 500 mg/day; n = 175) were compared in the treatment of group A beta-haemolytic streptococcal (GABHS) pharyngitis and tonsillitis. Post-therapy clinical responses were similar for evaluable patients in both treatment groups: 97.4% of the loracarbef group (101/115 patients cured and 11/115 improved) and 96.0% of the penicillin group (101/124 patients cured and 18/124 improved). A statistically significant difference in the pathogen elimination rate was noted between treatment groups: post-therapy throat cultures were negative for GABHS in 94.8% (109/115) of loracarbef-treated patients compared with 87.1% (108/124) of penicillin-treated patients (p = 0.040). Loracarbef and penicillin V were comparable in terms of safety. Headache and nausea/vomiting were the most common events reported during therapy (nausea/vomiting were slightly less common in the loracarbef group). Three patients in each group were discontinued from the study due to drug-related adverse events; one due to rash in the loracarbef group and one due to rash and one due to vomiting in the penicillin group. These data support the conclusion that loracarbef twice daily is more effective in eradicating GABHS than penicillin V four times daily, and the two drugs are comparable in safety and clinical efficacy in the treatment of GABHS pharyngitis and tonsillitis.
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PMID:Loracarbef versus penicillin V in the treatment of streptococcal pharyngitis and tonsillitis. 142 89

30 patients with recurrent tonsillitis were treated with amoxycillin/clavulanic acid (500 mg/125 mg) t.i.d. for 10 days. The most often isolated potential aerobic pathogenic bacteria were Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus milleri and Haemophilus parainfluenzae. Group A streptococci were isolated from 7 patients. Anaerobic cocci and Bacteroides species were the dominating anaerobic bacteria isolated from the tonsils. Tonsillar cultures were taken before antibiotic treatment started, on days 11-12, day 30, and day 90. Beta-lactamase producing aerobic and anaerobic bacteria were present in 13 patients prior to treatment, on days 11-12 in 18 patients, on day 30 in 15 patients, and on day 90 in 13 patients. Group A streptococci were eradicated in 6/7 patients. In the aerobic tonsillar microflora, the numbers of viridans streptococci decreased during treatment but were normalized after 30 days. Only minor changes in the numbers of other aerobic microorganisms occurred during the investigation. The effect on the anaerobic microflora was minor and no new colonizing microorganisms were isolated during or after antibiotic treatment. All patients except one were cured on days 11-12. Five patients had another episode of tonsillitis during the observation period of 3 months. The antibiotic treatment was well tolerated in most patients and mild adverse events such as nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea were observed in 3 patients.
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PMID:Effect of amoxycillin/clavulanic acid on the aerobic and anaerobic tonsillar microflora in the treatment of recurrent tonsillitis. 228 75

A retrospective review of charts for 650 children who had lumbar puncture for suspected meningitis was undertaken to determine the characteristics of patients with and without meningitis, identify other conditions suggesting meningitis, and evaluate the predictive value of signs and symptoms of meningitis. The incidence of positive lumbar punctures increased with patient age. Younger infants did not present with classical features of meningitis. Bulging fontanel, lethargy, and irritability were nonspecific symptoms. Vomiting and headache, although not specific, proved to be more sensitive indicators of meningeal infection. Most patients with meningitis (75%) had at least one sign of meningeal irritation, but so did 25% of patients without meningitis. Brudzinski's sign was not specific. In contrast, nuchal rigidity and Kernig's sign had high predictive value. Up to age five, the diseases most often suggesting meningitis were right-sided pneumonia, gastroenteritis, otitis, tonsillitis, exanthema subitum, and urinary tract infections. Of 171 patients with febrile convulsion, one (0.5%) had bacterial meningitis and four had aseptic meningitis.
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PMID:Diseases that mimic meningitis. Analysis of 650 lumbar punctures. 220 11

Dry syrup and tablet of newly developed cefpodoxime proxetil (CS-807, CPDX-PR) was investigated in the departments of pediatrics of 17 institutes and their related hospitals. 1. Pharmacokinetics of CPDX-PR in pediatrics were investigated. Peak blood levels of CPDX at dose levels of 3 mg/kg and 6 mg/kg were 2.24 +/- 0.21 and 4.68 +/- 0.54 micrograms/ml, respectively, in fasting and 1.65 +/- 0.07 and 3.71 +/- 0.41 micrograms/ml, respectively, after meal. Urinary recovery rates in 6 hours were 31.2 +/- 2.2% of dose in average. 2. Clinical efficacies of CPDX-PR on various infectious diseases were studied in 748 cases. Clinical efficacy rate in 499 cases with causative bacteria isolated was 94.6%: efficacy rates for individual infections were 96.8% (120/124) for tonsillitis, 96.0% (96/100) for urinary tract infection, 93.5% (58/62) for pneumonia, 92.4% (61/66) for impetigo, 100% (32/32) for scarler fever and 93.2% for pharyngitis or laryngitis. Bacteriological eradication rate for Gram-positive organisms was 91.0% (244/268); and for Gram-negative organisms, 89.7% (210/234). The clinical efficacy rate for cases which were non-responsive to previous antibiotic therapy was 88.1% (74/84). 3. Side effects and clinical laboratory findings were investigated in 779 cases. Two each of vomiting, loose stool and rash, 10 of diarrhea and 1 of diarrhea associated with candidiasis were reported, but no serious side effects were noted. There was no serious laboratory test abnormality except slight elevations of eosinophile, platelet, transaminase or prolongation of prothrombin time, totalling 34 occurrences.
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PMID:[Overall clinical evaluation of cefpodoxime proxetil against infections in pediatric fields]. 268 63

Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies of ceftizoxime suppository (CZX-S) were performed in 10 children with the following results. CZX-S attained a peak serum concentration of 6.85 micrograms/ml 30 minutes after dosing with the drug 5.6 mg/kg (one suppository of CZX-S contains 250 mg of CZX in potency). The mean 6-hour urinary excretion rate in 4 children was 18.9%. The subjects consisted of 8 patients comprising 1 with pharyngitis, 3 with tonsillitis, 1 with gingivitis and 3 with urinary tract infection. The overall effect of CZX-S was "excellent" in 5 patients and "good" in 3, with an effectiveness rate of 100%. No side effects ascribable to CZX-S were encountered in any of the patients. A few patients complained of discomfort after the first or second insertion of the drug. However, the discharge of the suppository was as infrequent as 1.5% of the total 133 insertions. CZX-S is therefore well tolerated for clinical use in children. It is concluded that the unique suppository formulation of CZX-S is useful in the treatment of infections in children with heavy psychophysiologic disorders and in children who cannot take oral drugs because of severe vomiting.
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PMID:[Basic and clinical studies of ceftizoxime suppositories in the pediatric field]. 386 85

Clinical evaluations of ampicillin (ABPC) suppository (KS-R1) were performed in 9 cases with infectious diseases in the pediatric field and the following results were obtained; When 2.7 mg/kg of KS-R1 was rectally administered to 1 case, the plasma levels of ABPC were 3.9 micrograms/ml at 15 minutes, 2.2 micrograms/ml at 30 minutes and 1.2 micrograms/ml at 60 minutes after administration. The urinary excretion rate within 6 hours was 5.0%. Clinical effects of KS-R1 were examined in 6 cases (4 cases of tonsillitis and 2 cases of urinary tract infection) at the dose of 20 approximately 50 mg/kg/day for 3 approximately 7 days. Clinical responses were excellent in 4 cases, good in 1 case and poor in 1 case (tonsillitis). As to the side effects, slight increase of eosinophil was observed in 1 case, but no diarrhea, perianal redness and eruption were observed. Since discharge ratio of KS-R1 within 5 minutes was 11.0%, the tolerance of KS-R1 was considered to be good. From the above results, KS-R1 is useful for treating the pediatric patients with various infections, who refuse to oral administration or are impossible to give oral administration because of vomiting and are multiple handicapped ones.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of an ampicillin suppository (KS-R1)]. 665 16

Altogether 162 cases of tonsillitis were registered in two military units during the period of May 11-16. The disease took an acute course with short-time fever, symptoms of acute intoxication, sore throat, pronounced inflammatory changes in tonsils and swelling of regional (submaxillary and anterocervical) lymph nodes. In some of the patients (1.1%) sickness and vomiting and in 0.2% diarrhea were registered. In 6.7% of the patients scarlatiniform eruptions were observed on days 2-3 of the disease. In the course of the bacteriological examination of the patients group A streptococci, serovar T II, were isolated. The dynamic study of paired sera showed a considerable increase in the number of patients with a high level of antibodies to streptolysin 0 and group A polysaccharide. All patients were fed at the same canteen. The factor of the transmission of this infection could be butter, stored without observation of the required temperature conditions and apportioned by the soldiers of the kitchen police. Experimental study revealed that group A streptococci are capable for proliferation and accumulation in butter.
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PMID:[An explosive outbreak of strep throat morbidity in an adult organized collective]. 806 41

Respiratory infections are the most common infection in children. They differ remarkably according to age, bacteria and viruses. Therefore a careful history of outbreak, age, former infections, involvement of surroundings, symptoms, etc are essential. The present study included 50 children, aged between 0.3 and 12 yrs, all treated ambulatorily. 21 received brodimoprim (B) and 29 erythromycin (E). Indications were: tonsillitis, bronchitis, otitis media, sinusitis and scarlet fever. Dosages were: B was given 10 mg/kg body weight (b.w.) initially followed by 5 mg/kg b.w., once-a-day. The duration of treatment varied between 4 and 14 days (mean 8.3 days). E was given 30.50 mg/kg b.w. 3 times per day; duration 4 to 14 days (mean 8.6 days). Overall results were: in group B:12 cures, 5 improvements, 3 failures; 1 not assessable. In group E: 20 cures, 8 improvements, 1 failure. Side effects: in group B: vomiting (1), skin reaction (2), discontinuation (2); in group E: skin reaction (1), diarrhea (5), diarrhea+vomiting (1); discontinuation (2). The differences in efficacy and tolerability in the two groups are not statistically significant. The improved compliance with a single versus t.i.d. dosages has to be taken into account.
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PMID:Respiratory infections in children: when is brodimoprim indicated? 819 57

A total of 371 children, aged 6 months to 12 years, with acute otitis media, acute sinusitis, streptococcal tonsillitis/pharyngitis, or pneumonia were included in an open, multicenter study. Among them, 192 children were randomized to receive azithromycin for 3 days (10 mg/kg daily), and 179 for 5 days (10 mg/kg on day 1 and 5 mg/kg on days 2-5). The overall clinical cure rate was 95.7% and 96.1%, and bacteriological eradication rate 90.1% and 94.2% in the 3-day and 5-day groups, respectively. Side effects, mostly mild gastrointestinal disturbances, were observed in 5.3% of children from the 3-day, and 6.7% from the 5-day group. Only in one child (0.3%) was therapy discontinued due to vomiting. The results of this study demonstrate that 3-day and 5-day azithromycin courses have comparable efficacy and tolerability in children with respiratory infections.
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PMID:Azithromycin: 3-day versus 5-day course in the treatment of respiratory tract infections in children. Croatian Azithromycin Study Group. 910 16

Telithromycin is the first member of a new family of the macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin-B (MLS(B)) class of antimicrobials, the ketolides. It has a good spectrum of activity against respiratory pathogens, including penicillin- and erythromycin-resistant pneumococci, as well as intracellular and atypical bacteria. Furthermore, it has a low potential to select for resistance or induce cross-resistance among other MLS(B) antimicrobials. At the recommended dosage of 800 mg orally once daily, telithromycin reaches maximal plasma concentrations of about 2 mg/L. It penetrates rapidly into bronchopulmonary, tonsillar, sinus and middle ear tissues and/or fluids and achieves high concentrations at sites of infection. It also concentrates within polymorphonuclear neutrophils. In clinical trials in patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis (AECB) or pharyngitis/tonsillitis caused by group A beta-haemolytic streptococci, telithromycin 800 mg once daily achieved clinical cure rates of 86 to 95%. In acute maxillary sinusitis (AMS), cure rates were 73 to 91%. A 7- to 10-day regimen of telithromycin was as effective as a 10-day course of amoxicillin 1000 mg 3 times daily, clarithromycin 500 mg twice daily or a 7- to 10-day course of trovafloxacin 200 mg once daily for treating CAP. A 5-day regimen of telithromycin was as effective as a 10-day regimen of cefuroxime axetil 500 mg twice daily or amoxicillin/clavulanic acid 500/125 mg 3 times daily in AECB. A 5-day regimen of telithromycin was as effective as a 10-day regimen of clarithromycin 250 mg twice daily or phenoxymethylpenicillin 500 mg 3 times daily in pharyngitis/tonsillitis, or a 10-day regimen of amoxicillin/clavulanic acid 500/125 mg 3 times daily in patients with AMS. Telithromycin was well tolerated across all patient populations. Adverse events associated with telithromycin were generally mild to moderate in intensity and seldom led to treatment discontinuation. The most frequent adverse events were diarrhoea (13.3%) and nausea (8.1%). Other adverse events included dizziness and vomiting.
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PMID:Telithromycin. 1139 13


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