Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0040425 (tonsillitis)
 1,594 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Non-group A streptococci are members of the genus Streptococcus but do not share the notoriety of their cousin from group A. Most physicians, including otolaryngologists and head and neck surgeons, do not associate them with upper respiratory tract and head and neck infections. Some laboratories do not bother to report their presence on culture. At the University of California, Los Angeles they have been shown to cause (1) tonsillitis, painful tonsils lacking exudate and erythema (group C, one case; group F, one case), (2) acute nonexudative tonsillitis (group B, two cases; group C, one case; group F, one case), and (3) acute exudative tonsillitis (group C, one case). It should be remembered when there is a report of their presence that they are usually vulnerable to penicillin and its analogs. By judicious use of these drugs, morbidity can be diminished.
 ...
PMID:Pharyngeal and tonsil infections caused by non-group A Streptococcus. 181 25

The tonsils of 97 children undergoing tonsillectomy were studied to determine the correlation between surface culture swab and culture of tonsillar core. In many cases, pathogenic organisms were found in the tonsil core, despite the fact that surface cultures revealed only normal respiratory flora. The tonsil core cultures showed a high incidence of Hemophilus influenzae and Staphylococcus aureus, which was rarely reflected on surface culture. The study indicates that pharyngeal swab cultures do not reliably reflect the presence of pathogens in the tonsil core. The value of parameters such as history of recurrent bouts of tonsillitis and presence of erythema or cryptic debris on physical examination for predicting the differential bacteriology of the tonsil is studied. The implications for treatment of children with adenotonsillar hypertrophy are discussed.
 ...
PMID:Bacteriology of tonsil surface and core in children. 264 91

The patient, a 14-year-old girl, suffered from arthralgias which occurred after tonsillitis. Two months later she developed edema of the left lower extremity, finger flexion contractures and induration of the skin of the left leg, associated with hypergammaglobulinemia, peripheral hypereosinophilia, elevated ESR and a positivity of ANA and anti ds-DNA antibodies. A biopsy of the inguinal lymph node, performed because of left inguinal and retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy, showed only slight inflammatory activation and a granulomatous reaction after lymphography. A few days after the lymphography linear erythema evolving later into hyperpigmentation and corresponding to the superficial lymphatics developed on the left side of the body, very probably as a reaction to the patent-blue dye. Deep en-block skin biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of eosinophilic fasciitis (EF). After two years of therapy with prednisone and d-penicillamine the patient felt well, and her flexion contractures resolved, ANA were positive, while anti ds-DNA were negative. Linear hyperpigmentation persisted, and linear scleroderma-like changes developed on the left lower limb. A vitiligo-like lesion on the right foot which occurred after one year of therapy persisted. The possible risk of developing systemic connective tissue disease necessitates the long term follow up of this patient.
 ...
PMID:Eosinophilic fasciitis in an adolescent girl with lymphadenopathy and vitiligo-like and linear scleroderma-like changes. A case report. 880 52

We describe 13 adult patients with reactive arthritis induced by tonsillitis. Arthritis occurred 710 days after tonsillitis and involved the wrists, knees, feet and sternoclavicular joints. Some cases had pain in the Achilles tendon areas. Synovial fluid examined in 4 patients was sterile. All patients except 3 showed unequivocal elevation of serum ASO and/or ASK. Streptococcus was isolated from tonsillar swabs in 7 patients. One had maculopapular erythema and 2 had abdominal pain of unknown origin, but none had cardiac involvement, chorea and subcutaneous nodule. HLA examination revealed that 4 had B39 (p <0.005). Eight cases were treated with antibiotics. Five cases underwent tonsillectomy. All tonsils had cryptic abscess. No exacerbation was seen thereafter. These cases probably represent reactive arthritis induced by tonsillitis and should be distinguished from other rheumatic diseases.
 ...
PMID:Reactive arthritis induced by tonsillitis. 908 84

A 33-year-old man (Case 1) developed scaling and erythema on the extensor side of his extremities, head, and back, 3 years before his first visit to our hospital. The lesions spread out to form several plaques and became persistent (Fig. 1a). Serum antistreptolysin O (ASO) was within the normal range and a pharyngeal culture showed normal flora. Histologic findings were compatible with psoriasis vulgaris (Fig. 1b). Topical steroid therapy was effective; however, scaling and erythema persisted. The 8-year-old daughter (Case 2) of Case 1 had suffered severe tonsillitis 2 months prior to the skin eruptions. Numerous rain drop-like scaly papules appeared on her legs and generalized rapidly (Fig. 2a). Her tonsils were swollen and reddish. Streptococcus pyogenes was detected by pharyngeal smear. The ASO value was at a high level. Histologic examination showed slightly elongated rete ridges, focal lack of the granular layer, parakeratosis, mild spongiosis, and exostosis of neutrophils (Fig. 2b). She was diagnosed with acute guttate psoriasis. Administration of oral antimicrobials reduced the ASO value and led to remission of the disease. After 1 month of antimicrobial treatment, the erythematous papules disappeared. The human leukocyte antigen (HLA) typing of the father was HLA-A24, A31, B7, B39, and Cw7, and that of the daughter was HLA-A24, A31, B39, and Cw7. Both possessed HLA-A24, B39, and Cw7. The HLA typing of other family members was also studied. The mother had HLA-A11, A24, B39, B62, Cw4, and Cw7, and her son had HLA-A11, A24, B7, B62, Cw4, and Cw7. The result of HLA typing is shown in Table 1. Lymphocyte stimulating test was performed using heat-killed S. pyogenes which were boiled at 70 degrees C for 10 min and sonicated. The stimulation index was twofold higher in the daughter than in the father (Fig. 3).
 ...
PMID:Psoriasis vulgaris and acute guttate psoriasis in a family. 1145 89

The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical prediction criteria for group A beta hemolytic streptococcal (GABHS) pharyngitis in patients with upper respiratory tract infections (URTI). A total of 276 patients admitted to the Ministry of Internal Affairs outpatient clinics with URTI complaints, were included to the study. The clinical findings of the patients were recorded and throat cultures were obtained. The clinical signs and symptoms were as follows; sore throat (56.2%), hypertrophic tonsillitis (53.9%), pharyngeal erythema (50.7%), fever (48.9%), cervical lymphadenopathy (42.8%) and tonsillar exudates (18.5%). The total GABHS isolation rate from throat cultures of the patients were found as 15.9%, and these rates were 19.7% in children, and 7% in adults. Multivariate analysis of the results revealed that the patients with hypertrophic tonsils had GABHS isolation rate seven times more than the patients without hypertrophic tonsils (Odds ratio: 7, confidence interval: 1.4-98, p = 0.017). In conclusion, correct assessment of physical examination findings in the clinical diagnosis of GABHS pharyngitis, will result in less laboratory testing and antibiotic use for sore throat patients.
 ...
PMID:[Short communication: clinical predictors of group A beta hemolytic streptococci isolation in upper respiratory tract infections]. 1635 93

We analyzed the clinical and laboratory findings of both pediatric and adult patients with oropharyngeal tularemia. We also compared the therapeutic outcomes of patients who underwent surgical drainage of lymph nodes early or late during antibiotic therapy. A total of 68 patients with oropharyngeal tularemia, including 26 children and 42 adults, were enrolled in this study. The average duration between symptom onset and hospital admission was 20.8 days (4-60 days) in the pediatric group and 32.6 days (4-90 days) in the adult group (P = 0.009). The most frequently observed clinical symptoms were sore throat (100% and 100%), fever (96.2% and 90.5%), tonsillitis (69.2% and 78.6%), and rash (15.4% and 11.9%) in the pediatric and adult groups, respectively. However, the frequencies of erythema, tenderness, and fluctuant of enlarged lymph nodes were significantly higher in the adult group than in the pediatric group (P = 0.005, P = 0.029, and P = 0.041, respectively). Treatment failure was observed in 2 (7.7%) pediatric patients and 4 (9.5%) adult patients, for a total of 6 (8.8%) treatment failures in the study group. Similar clinical findings and treatment outcomes were observed in both groups. We concluded that a combination of surgical drainage and antibiotic therapy increases treatment success for patients diagnosed with oropharyngeal tularemia.
...
PMID:Evaluation of clinical and laboratory findings of pediatric and adult patients with oropharyngeal tularemia in Turkey: a combination of surgical drainage and antibiotic therapy increases treatment success. 2505 77

A 4-y-old female cynomolgus macaque presented for veterinary evaluation prior to placement in a preclinical study showed markedly low platelet counts that continued to decrease over time. Physical examination over the next several days showed areas of pale red discoloration in forelimbs, anterior thorax, and inguinal area and multifocal pinpoint areas of erythema or scabs. An area of dark red discoloration approximately 2 cm in diameter on the dorsal surface of the tongue was discovered on day 9. The macaque was euthanized, and histopathologic evaluation showed multifocal, ulcerative or erosive, hemorrhagic, lymphohistiocytic and neutrophilic glossitis and tonsillitis. The lesions on the tongue were associated with opportunistic fungi consistent with Candida albicans. The bone marrow showed megakaryocytic hyperplasia. There was no evidence of increased consumption of platelets, sequestration of platelets, or bone marrow suppression. The monkey was serologically negative for simian retrovirus, SIV, and simian T-lymphotropic virus. In light of cases reported in humans, immune-mediated destruction of platelets due to autoantibodies secondary to Candida albicans infection was considered. However, we were unable to detect antiplatelet antibodies on the platelet surface or in serum to support this etiology; therefore idiopathic thrombocytopenia was diagnosed. To our knowledge, this case represents the second reported observation of acquired thrombocytopenia in a nonhuman primate and the first reported observation in a cynomolgus macaque.
...
PMID:Severe Acquired Idiopathic Thrombocytopenia in a Female Cynomolgus Macaque (Macaca fascicularis). 2614 52

Septic thrombophlebitis of the facial vein (STFN) commonly presents with facial erythema, tenderness, and swelling above the involved vessel. Due to its rarity, diagnosis and treatment remain a challenge. Lemierre syndrome (LS), which consists of a triad of internal jugular vein thrombophlebitis, septicemia, and distant septic emboli, is a more common entity of which physicians are more familiar. Whether tonsillitis-related STFN is actually LS in a different anatomical area and shares the same characteristics is still left to be answered. We present a case of STFN with a review of all cases reported in the literature.
 ...
PMID:Facial vein thrombophlebitis: A case report and literature review. 3017 5