Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0040425 (tonsillitis)
 1,594 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Scopoderm transdermal therapeutic system (TTS) is applied to prevent nausea and vomiting associated with motion sickness. Dry mouth is the most common side effect, appearing in up to two thirds of the patients treated. We have used this side effect to the benefit of patients with sialorrhea or with difficulties swallowing normally secreted amounts of saliva. More than 100 patients with tumors of the aerodigestive tract before and after surgery, and patients after parotidectomies, after tracheotomies, with peritonsillar abscesses, tonsillitis and pharyngitis, and neurologic disorders were thus treated. Reduced secretion of saliva was seen in 50% to 100% of the treatment groups. Other side effects were minimal and we recommend the use of scopoderm TTS for reduction of salivary flow.
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PMID:Reduction of salivary flow with transdermal scopolamine: a four-year experience. 212 21

Laboratory and clinical studies of sulbactam/ampicillin (SBT/ABPC) in children have been carried out, and the following results were obtained. 1. Antibacterial effect MICs of SBT/ABPC were only one-tube less than or similar to those of ABPC against susceptible organisms. Against ABPC-resistant organisms at the inoculum size of 10(8) cells/ml however, SBT/ABPC was superior to ABPC when evaluated in terms of their MIC values. When MICs of SBT/ABPC were compared to those of ABPC against organisms with high beta-lactamase producing activities, it was found that many of ABPC-resistant organisms were much susceptible to SBT/ABPC. 2. Absorption and urinary excretion In 2 cases to which 50 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg SBT/ABPC were respectively given over 30 minutes by drip infusion, peak serum levels were obtained at the end of the drip infusion with peak levels of SBT of 45.5 micrograms/ml, 12.5 micrograms/ml, respectively and those of ABPC of 83.0 micrograms/ml, 22.9 micrograms/ml, respectively. The half-lives of SBT and ABPC were 0.94 hour and 0.98 hour, respectively. The mean urinary excretion rates in the first 6 hours after the end of administration were 84.4% for SBT and 63.1% for ABPC. 3. Clinical results Clinical efficacies were evaluated in 24 cases including 9 cases of pneumonia, 2 cases of upper respiratory infection, 7 cases of urinary tract infection and 1 case each of bronchopneumonia, pyothorax, tonsillitis, streptococcal infection, ++ phlegmon and staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome. Clinical efficacies were excellent or good in 19 cases with an overall efficacy rate of 86.4%. Adverse effect was found in 1 case with nausea and vomiting, and abnormal laboratory test values observed were 2 cases each of eosinophilia, slight elevation of GOT and GPT and elevation of LDH, but they were not serious.
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PMID:[Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies on sulbactam/ampicillin in children]. 274 50

A total of 193 patients with streptococcal pharyngitis/tonsillitis received 500 mg dirithromycin once daily and 196 patients 250 mg erythromycin four times daily for ten days in a double-blind, parallel-group multicentre study. In the dirithromycin treatment group, 97 (50.3%) patients completed the study and were evaluated for efficacy analysis, and 99/196 (50.5%) erythromycin-treated were evaluated for efficacy of treatment. Favourable clinical responses to treatment (cure or improvement of symptoms) at the post-therapy visit (three to five days after therapy completion) occurred in 89 (91.7%) dirithromycin- and 93 (93.9%) erythromycin-treated patients. Bacteriological response was favourable (pathogen eliminated in 81 (83.5%) dirithromycin- and 87 (87.9%) erythromycin-treated patients. At late post-therapy (three to five weeks after treatment) 82/89 (92.1%) dirithromycin- and 90/93 (96.8%) erythromycin-treated patients had a favourable clinical response. Bacteriological response at late post-therapy was favourable in 77 (86.5%) dirithromycin- and 85 (94.4%) erythromycin-treated patients. No deaths occurred during or after treatment, and the serious events experienced by three dirithromycin- and one erythromycin-treated patients were unrelated to treatment. Five patients taking dirithromycin and seven taking erythromycin discontinued treatment prematurely, mainly due to gastrointestinal disturbances. Adverse events that occurred in 2% or more of patients in each treatment group were mainly gastrointestinal (diarrhoea, abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting); headache and rash were also reported. No significant differences in clinical laboratory data were detected that were considered to be drug-related.
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PMID:Clinical efficacy of dirithromycin in pharyngitis and tonsillitis. 847 16

Cefuroxime is the first commercially-available second-generation cephalosporine to be widely used in therapy; it is a semi-synthetic cephalosporin obtained from the 7-cephalosporanic acid nucleus of cephalosporin C. Cefuroxime axetil is the acetoxyethyl ester of cefuroxime. The majority of micro-organisms associated with respiratory infections are highly sensitive to cefuroxime. These include Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes and the other streptococci (excluding group D streptococci), and Moraxella catarrhalis. Bacteria sensitive to cefuroxime include the enterobacteria (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, and Salmonella and Shigella and Straphylococcus aureus (methicillin-sensitive strains). The pharmacokinetic studies show that the maximum plasma concentration of cefuroxime after oral administration of 250 mg and 500 mg of cefuroxime axetil after a meal are respectively 4.6 and 7.9 mg/l. The absolute bioavailability of tablets is 68% (extremes 63-73%) after oral administration of 500 mg cefuroxime axetil. The protein binding is 33+/-5.7%. Tissue diffusion was studied in the interstitial fluid, the bronchial mucosa, the tonsils, and the bronchial secretions. Cefuroxime axetil is available as capsule-shaped tablets containing 125, 250 or 500 mg. An oral suspension dosage form for paediatric purposes is also available as granules in multidose bottles and sachets. Constitution gives a suspension containing 125 mg or 250 mg cefuroxime (as cefuroxime axetil). Cefuroxime axetil is indicated for the treatment of infections caused by susceptible bacteria. Indications include: lower respiratory tract infections (e.g., acute and chronic bronchitis and pneumonia); upper respiratory tract infections (e.g., ear, nose and throat infections such as otitis media, sinusitis tonsillitis and pharyngitis); genito-urinary tract infections (e.g., pyelonephritis, cystitis and urethritis, gonorrhoea, acute uncomplicated gonococcal urethritis and cervicitis); and skin and soft tissue infections (e.g., furunculosis, pyoderma and impetigo). For most infections, a dose of 250 mg twice daily is appropriate. In some urinary tract infections, 125 mg twice daily has been shown to be effective. If pneumonia is suspected or in more severe lower respiratory tract infection, doses of 500 mg bd should be used. Uncomplicated gonorrhoea has been shown to respond to a single 1-g dose of cefuroxime axetil. Adverse reactions to cefuroxime have generally been mild and transient in nature (gastrointestinal disturbances, including diarrhoea, nausea and vomiting).
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PMID:Cefuroxime axetil. 1861 87