Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0040425 (tonsillitis)
 1,594 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The antimicrobial activity of cefmenoxime (CMX) against clinical isolated organisms was measured; CMX was more active than cefotiam and cefazolin against Escherichia coli and Haemophilus influenzae. The serum concentrations of CMX following intravenous injection of 20 mg/kg were 25.6, 10.3, 3.0 micrograms/ml at 30, 60, 120 minutes after injection, respectively. CMX was excreted 60.9% in urine within 6 hours after injection. CMX was administered clinically to 22 pediatric patients with various infections (respiratory tract infection 16 including 1 pyothorax, urinary tract infection 4, tonsillitis with sinusitis 2) at the dose of 39 approximately 96 mg/kg/day for 4 approximately 9 days, and the following satisfactory results were obtained; excellent in 11, good in 9, and poor in 2. The rate of satisfactory clinical response was 90.9%. Eosinophilia 2 cases, slight elevation of transaminase 3 cases, slight elevation of BUN 1 case and transient diarrhea 1 case were observed. But no other serious side effects were observed.
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PMID:[Laboratory and clinical studies of cefmenoxime in pediatric infections]. 630 97

Fundamental and clinical studies on cefotetan (CTT), a new cephamycin antibiotic, were carried out under a joint study programme in pediatric field, and the following results were obtained. Pharmacokinetic study In 20 pediatric patients with normal renal function, weighing 15 to 48 kg, CTT was injected intravenously at 20 mg/kg in 3 to 5 minutes. The mean blood concentration of CTT was 215.6 micrograms/ml at 15 minutes after the end of injection, 90.7 micrograms/ml at 1 hour, 57.2 micrograms/ml at 2 hours, 33.9 micrograms/ml at 4 hours and 10.2 micrograms/ml at 8 hours. The half-life of the drug in the beta-phase, computed from the mean blood concentrations up to 8 hours postdosing, was 2.61 hours. The peak of the mean urinary excretion of cefotetan appeared in 0 to 2 hours after the injection and 36.5% of the dose was recovered in the urine. The mean excretion at 0 to 8 hours was 68.1%. Clinical study Clinical effects of CTT was evaluated in 285 patients with 287 diseases, since 1 patient had both pneumonia and erysipelas, and another both pneumonia and acute otitis media. Daily dosage of CTT ranged from 15 to 123 mg/kg, and 266 patients (93.3%) received the drug either 2 or 3 times daily. The clinical response was seen in 83.3% of the 6 cases with sepsis, 89.3% of the 122 cases with pneumonia with or without pyothorax, 96.2% of the 52 cases with either acute bronchitis or tonsillitis, 92.5% of the 67 cases with urinary tract infection and 92.5% of the 40 cases with other infections. The causative organisms were detected in 160 patients and the rate of complete disappearance was 80.6%. Out of 310 patients, side effects were seen in 9 cases, diarrhea in 8 (2.6%) and rash in 1 (0.3%). Abnormal clinical laboratory findings were seen in 24 cases, elevation of serum transaminases in 19 (7.8%), elevation of TTT and LDH in 1 (0.4%) and eosinophilia in 4 (1.6%). None of these cases showed serious side effects or abnormal clinical laboratory findings. From the above results, it is concluded that CTT is one of the useful drug for treatment of infections in pediatric field.
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PMID:[Comprehensive evaluation of cefotetan in pediatrics]. 636 9

Forty-two pediatric patients were treated with ceftazidime ( CAZ ) in the doses ranging from 45.6 to 120 mg/kg/day for 2 to 10 days, and the clinical efficacy and side effects were evaluated. Among the 37 children with bacterial infections including pneumonia, bronchitis, tonsillitis, croup, cervical lymphadenitis, abdominal abscess and urinary tract infections, the results were excellent in 22, good in 12, fair in 2, and poor in 1 patient with pneumonia. Out of the 42 patients, 5 cases showed eosinophilia, but no clinical sign such as rash, fever or diarrhea, attributable to CAZ was observed during the study. The serum concentrations of CAZ in 4 patients ranged from 60.8 to 71.0 micrograms/ml (mean 66.1 micrograms/ml) at 30 minutes and from 0.5 to 1.2 micrograms/ml (mean 0.8 micrograms/ml) at 8 hours after 20 mg/kg intravenous bolus injection of the antibiotic. The mean serum half-life was 1.42 hours (85 minutes). Patients with impairment of renal function were excluded from this study.
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PMID:[Clinical and pharmacokinetic evaluation of ceftazidime in children]. 637 45

Laboratory and clinical studies on ceftazidime ( CAZ ), a new cephem antibiotic, were carried out in the field of pediatrics. The results were as follows: Antibacterial activities of CAZ against clinically isolated strains of S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, E. coli and P. aeruginosa were compared with those of cefotaxime (CTX), ceftizoxime (CZX), latamoxef ( LMOX ), cefoperazone (CPZ) and cefmetazole (CMZ), and also with cefsulodin (CFS) and gentamicin (GM) against P. aeruginosa. Against S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae, CAZ was almost as active as CTX, CZX and CPZ. Against E. coli, it was almost as active as CTX, CZX and LMOX . Against P. aeruginosa, it was almost as active as CFS and GM. Serum concentrations and urinary excretion rates after intravenous bolus injection of CAZ at doses of 20 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg for 5 minutes in each 2 cases (4 cases in total) were determined. The mean serum concentrations of CAZ were 78.9 and 52.0 micrograms/ml at 15 minutes, 38.5 and 27.4 micrograms/ml at 1 hour, and 6.5 and 4.8 micrograms/ml at 4 hours, with serum half-lives (T 1/2) of 1.39 and 1.80 hours respectively. Mean cumulative urinary excretion rate within 6 hours after administration was 84.6%. In a patient with chronic renal failure, serum half-life was 3.22 hours and urinary excretion rate within 6 hours was 22.8% (after intravenous bolus injection of CAZ at a dose of 10 mg/kg). CAZ was administered at a dose of 55.5 mg/kg by intravenous bolus injection to a child with purulent meningitis. The levels of CAZ in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) at 1 hour after administration were 2.7-38.9 micrograms/ml with CSF/Serum ratios of 3.2-28.8%. Forty-two pediatric patients with various bacterial infections (pyelonephritis 14, tonsillitis 1, bronchopneumonia 3, pneumonia 17, purulent meningitis 1, bacteremia 2, SSSS 1, enterocolitis 3) were treated with CAZ at a daily dose of 49-222 mg/kg t.i.d. or q.i.d. (as a rule 60 mg/kg t.i.d.). The efficacy rate was 97.6% clinically and 97.8% bacteriologically. No adverse reactions were observed except 1 case with mild diarrhea. Abnormal laboratory findings were also only mild; eosinophilia in 1, slight elevation of GOT in 5 and that of GOT & GPT in 3 cases. These results indicate the usefulness of CAZ in the treatment of bacterial infections in children.
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PMID:[Laboratory and clinical studies on ceftazidime in the field of pediatrics]. 637 56

Fundamental and clinical studies of ampicillin (ABPC) suppository (KS-R1) were performed in children with respiratory tract infections. Serum levels of ABPC after rectal administration of KS-R1 at a dose of 250 mg (11.4-17.7 mg/kg) in 3 children (3-5 years old) were 4.0-10.2 micrograms/ml (average 6.4 micrograms/ml) at 1/4 hour, 3.8-9.4 micrograms/ml (average 6.2 micrograms/ml) at 1/2 hour, 1.2-4.5 micrograms/ml (average 2.8 micrograms/ml) at 1 hour, 0.3-1.4 micrograms/ml (average 0.7 micrograms/ml) at 2 hours, and 0.3 microgram/ml in 1 case and unmeasurable amount in 2 cases at 4 hours. Urine concentrations of ABPC were 230-445 micrograms/ml (average 312 micrograms/ml) in 0-2 hours, 5.3-156 micrograms/ml (average 66.7 micrograms/ml) in 2-4 hours, and 1.3-13.4 micrograms/ml (average 6.1 micrograms/ml) in 4-6 hours, and the recovery rate into urine was 6.6-27.7% (average 15.6%) up to 6 hours. Clinical effects of KS-R1 on 16 childish patients with respiratory tract infections (acute purulent tonsillitis in 9 cases, acute bronchitis in 5 cases, acute bronchopneumonia in 1 case and acute purulent otitis media in 1 case) were excellent in 13 cases, good in 2 cases and poor in 1 case, and the effective rate was 93.8%. Bacteriologically, 5 strains of S. pyogenes, 4 strains of S. pneumoniae and 3 strains of H. influenzae were all eradicated with eradication rate of 100%. Side effect was weak diarrhea in 1 case, but this diarrhea immediately disappeared with discontinuation of treatment. There was no abnormality of clinical laboratory findings. It was concluded that KS-R1 is a useful drug for the treatment of respiratory tract infections in children.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of an ampicillin suppository (KS-R1) in respiratory tract infections in children]. 665 14

Clinical evaluations of ampicillin (ABPC) suppository (KS-R1) were performed in 9 cases with infectious diseases in the pediatric field and the following results were obtained; When 2.7 mg/kg of KS-R1 was rectally administered to 1 case, the plasma levels of ABPC were 3.9 micrograms/ml at 15 minutes, 2.2 micrograms/ml at 30 minutes and 1.2 micrograms/ml at 60 minutes after administration. The urinary excretion rate within 6 hours was 5.0%. Clinical effects of KS-R1 were examined in 6 cases (4 cases of tonsillitis and 2 cases of urinary tract infection) at the dose of 20 approximately 50 mg/kg/day for 3 approximately 7 days. Clinical responses were excellent in 4 cases, good in 1 case and poor in 1 case (tonsillitis). As to the side effects, slight increase of eosinophil was observed in 1 case, but no diarrhea, perianal redness and eruption were observed. Since discharge ratio of KS-R1 within 5 minutes was 11.0%, the tolerance of KS-R1 was considered to be good. From the above results, KS-R1 is useful for treating the pediatric patients with various infections, who refuse to oral administration or are impossible to give oral administration because of vomiting and are multiple handicapped ones.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of an ampicillin suppository (KS-R1)]. 665 16

Cefpiramide (CPM) is a newly developed cephalosporin. Clinical studies on this drug were carried out and the results were as follows; Forty-three patients (purulent lymphadenitis 2, cellulitis 2, purulent otitis media 1, purulent tonsillitis 3, acute bronchitis 2, pneumonia 22, bronchiectasis 1, urinary tract infection 10) were treated with CPM, in doses of 20 approximately 82 mg/kg divided 2 approximately 4 times per day for 3 approximately 11 days intravenously. The overall efficacy rate was 83.7%. As to adverse reaction, 4 cases, which includes 3 cases of diarrhea and 1 case of exanthema, were observed. Abnormal laboratory data noted were liver dysfunction in 3 cases (6.8%), and eosinophilia in 2 cases (4.5%).
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of cefpiramide in pediatrics]. 665 35

9, 3"-Diacetylmidecamycin (MOM), a new macrolide antibiotic, was administered to 28 patients: 6 with pharyngitis caused by Group A beta-Streptococcus, 2 with lacunar tonsillitis, 8 with upper respiratory tract infection, 6 with acute bronchitis, 3 with Mycoplasma pneumonia, 1 with primary atypical pneumonia, 1 with pneumonia caused by H. influenzae and 1 with whooping cough. MOM in the form of fine granules was administered at a daily dose of about 20-30 mg/kg divided into 3 doses. Isolated group A beta-Streptococcus strains were eradicated in only 1 out of 6 strain S. One strain of H. influenzae was eradicated. The clinical results could be obtained with 21 cases and the response was excellent in 1 case, good in 7, fair in 3 and poor in 10. Although diarrhea was found in 3 cases during the administration of MOM, it was not clear whether these phenomena were caused by MOM, because of the prevalence of diarrhea among the children treated by us at that time.
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PMID:[Clinical results of 9, 3"-diacetylmidecamycin dry syrup in the pediatric field (author's transl)]. 698 Feb 94

Clinical studies on 9,3"-diacetylmidecamycin (MOM) was carried out in 31 patients with respiratory tract infections (acute pharyngitis 6, acute purulent tonsillitis 5, scarlet fever 1, acute bronchitis 6, pneumonia 13 cases), in dose of 12 approximately 34 mg/kg divided 3 per day for 3 approximately 19 days. The overally efficacy rate was 74.2%. As to adverse reaction, exanthema and diarrhea with abdominal pain were observed in each 1 patient. Eosinophilia and elevation of serum GPT were noted in each 1 patient.
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PMID:[Clinical studies on 9,3"-diacetylmidecamycin in respiratory tract infections in pediatric field (author's transl)]. 698 Feb 96

The authors have carried out the laboratory and clinical studies of cefadroxil (CDX). The results were as follows; The sensitivity was measured by plate dilution method on 27 strains of S. aureus and E. coli, 26 strains of K. pneumoniae isolated from patients. The distribution of sensitivity of S. aureus was 3.13-12.5 microgram/ml and the peak of distribution was 3.13 microgram/ml and 6.25 microgram/ml, of E. coli was 6.25 microgram/ml by 10(8) cells/ml. And the distribution of sensitivity of K. pneumoniae was 6.25-25 microgram/ml and its peak was 6.25 microgram/ml by 10(8) cells/ml. CDX were given orally at dose of 10 mg/kg to 3 children. The serum levels of CDX were 10.5 +/- 1.78 microgram/ml, 15.8 +/- 3.25 microgram/ml, 12.0 +/- 0.41 microgram/ml and 3.9 +/- 0.9 microgram/ml at 0.5, 1, 2, 4 hours after administration respectively, and was 2.3 +/- 0.48 microgram/ml at 6 hours. The urinary excretion rate was 55.6% up to 8 hours after administration. CDX were administered to 39 cases of pediatric infectious disease (26 cases with tonsillitis, 5 cases with enterocolitis, 3 cases with UTI, 2 cases with impetigo, each one case with bronchitis, cervical lymphadenitis and epididymitis). And CDX were given 25.0-65.2 mg/kg daily. Clinical results obtained were above good in all cases. No side effects were observed in any cases, except for one case, with diarrhea, 6 cases with the elevation of serum transaminase and 1 case with eosinophilia.
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PMID:[Laboratory and clinical studies of cefadroxil (author's transl)]. 701 97


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