Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0040425 (tonsillitis)
 1,594 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Patients suffering from recurrent tonsillitis (RT), hyperplastic tonsillitis (HT) or idiopathic tonsillar hyperplasia (ITH) were compared in immunological studies with subjects showing clinically normal palatine tonsils. Serum concentrations of immunoglobulins, particularly IgG, were increased in association with tonsillitis. Conversely, the number of IgG-, IgA- and IgM-producing immunocytes was reduced per tonsillar tissue unit. The density of such cells was decreased in the germinal centres of the lymphoid follicles, in the extrafollicular areas and in the reticular parts of the crypt epithelium. However, only small changes in immunocyte class ratios were observed, excepting a significantly raised proportion of IgD-producing cells. The immunohistochemical results indicated a defect in the tonsillar immunological function associated with disease, perhaps as a result of inadequate stimulatory signals for local maturation of B-cell clones. An influence of low age on this result in the HT and ITH groups could not be excluded. In the RT group there was a significant negative correlation between the tonsillar density of IgA-producing cells and the rate of synthesis of serum IgA. This may indicate that compensatory mechanisms are reflected in inversely related levels of local and systemic IgA synthesis.
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PMID:Immunoglobulin systems of human tonsils. II. Patients with chronic tonsillitis or tonsillar hyperplasia: quantification of Ig-producing cells, tonsillar morphometry and serum Ig concentrations. 35 Apr 58

Patients suffering from recurrent tonsillitis (RT), hyperplastic tonsillitis (HT), or idopathic tonsillar hyperplasia (ITH) were compared in immunological studies with subjects showing clinically normal tonsils. Serum concentration of immunoglobulins, particularly IgG, were found to be increased in association with tonsillitis. Conversely, the number of IgG-, IgA- and IgM-producing immunocytes per tissue unit was reduced in the germinal centres of lymphoid follicles, in the extrafollicular areas, and in the reticular parts of the crypt epithelium. The overall percentage distribution of these cells was normally 65:30:3.5:1.2 for the IgG, IgA, IgM and IgD classes, respectively. In RT these figures were 53:39:4.7:4.4; in HT, 67:25:4.0:4.5; and in IHT, 50 : 33 : 7.2 : 10. Thus, there were only small alterations in the immunocyte class proportions, except for a significant relative increase in IgD-producing cells. The results indicate that there is a functional defect of the tonsils in association with disease. The relative accumulation of IgD cells is probably explained by an inadequate local maturational process in B-cell system, altough some influence of low age cannot be excluded in the HT and ITH groups.
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PMID:Immunoglobulin-producing cells in clinically normal, hyperplastic and inflamed human palatine tonsils. 37 4

The distribution of lymphoid cells in the mantle zone, germinal center, interfollicular area, and subepithelial area of the tonsil was evaluated quantitatively by image analysis in 66 subjects aged 3 to 66 years. The number of Ig-positive cells in the tonsil decreased with advancing years in all compartments. This inverse correlation to age was statistically significant for IgD-, IgM-, and IgG-positive cells. For T-cells, overall change of each T-cell subset with age was smaller than those of Ig-positive cells. An age-related marked decline was seen for CD4-positive cells only in the subepithelial area and for CD8-positive cells only in the interfollicular area. Ki-67-positive cells, cells undergoing active division, were mainly found in the germinal centers and also diminished with advancing years. Patients with frequent episodes of tonsillitis demonstrated a significant increase of IgD-positive cells and IgG-positive cells in interfollicular and subepithelial compartments and a decrease of CD4-positive T-cells in the germinal centers and subepithelial areas. These results suggest that the tonsillar involution with age is immunologically associated in all compartments with the decrease of Ig-positive cells and Ki-67-positive activated cells resulting in a relative increase of T-cell subsets. The method of image analysis provides a novel and unique approach for quantitative immunohistological study of the tonsil.
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PMID:Distribution of lymphoid cells in tonsillar compartments in relation to infection and age. A quantitative study using image analysis. 137 8

Tonsillectomy is one of the most controversial topics in otolaryngology. Today the immunologic role of the lymphoid tissue allows to clarify the surgical indications. Chronic bacterial tonsillitis, obstructive hypertrophic tonsils, peritonsillar abscess, suspicious of malignancy and fever convulsions produced by tonsillitis are the absolute indications for tonsillectomy. We review the literature on this topic.
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PMID:[Current surgical indications for tonsillar pathology]. 269 20

Electron-microscopic and electron-radioautographic examinations of the palatine tonsil lymphocytes in 20 patients with chronic decompensated tonsillitis, aged 21-50, have revealed the proliferation of poorly differentiated T- and B-lymphocyte pools in the lymphoid tissue of the tonsils; these processes manifest by an intensive 3H-thymidine incorporation into the minor lymphocytes of different types. A high level of the RNA radioactive precursor incorporation in B-lymphocytes indicates a constant differentiation of this lymphocyte population. The biological essence of intensive incorporation of protein radioactive precursors in B-lymphocytes appears to consist in the maximal production of active protein substrates mediating the humoral immunity in chronic tonsillitis.
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PMID:[Morphology of the palatine tonsil lymphocytes in chronic tonsillitis using data of electron microscopic radioautography]. 271 29

All of the eight 5-day-old pigs orally given pseudorabies (Aujeszky's disease) virus developed tonsillitis. The initial changes occurred in the subepithelial area between the lymphoid nodule and the crypt epithelium, showing a characteristic pattern of necrosis. The necrosis became more severe and gained access into the lymphoid nodule and crypt epithelium. Coincident with the histopathologic changes, numerous specific immunofluorescences were detected, first in the nucleus and in some parts of the cytoplasm of cells distributed in the subepithelial area. The fluorescence subsequently spread into adjacent lymphoid nodules and crypt epithelial cells. Ultrastructurally, many enveloped virus particles were detected in the center of the necrosis. Thereafter, the crypt epithelial cells also underwent degeneration, and a small number of virus particles were detected in the nucleus of the degenerating epithelial cells. In the more advanced stage, the enveloped virus particles were discharged into the crypt lumen.
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PMID:Tonsillar changes in pigs given pseudorabies (Aujeszky's disease) virus. 637 49

The authors report on their clinical experiences concerning 100 cases of chronic lingual tonsillitis. The surgical treatment employed was endoscopic vaporization of affected tissues with the CO2 laser. Prior to surgical intervention, predisposing conditions such as allergy, rhinosinusitis, and gastroesophageal reflux were identified and treated. The surgical technique consisted of progressive vaporization of the lymphoid tissue at the base of the tongue until the lingual fascia was reached. A slightly defocused (700 mm) continuous 10-15 W laser beam was used at a working distance of 400 mm. Following surgery, no dyspnea was observed secondary to epiglottic edema and only one patient required postoperative hemostasis. Symptoms related to tonsil or tongue inflammation were eliminated or alleviated in 87 patients, remained unchanged in 12 patients and were worse in 1 patient.
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PMID:Treatment of lingual tonsillitis by transoral CO2 laser endoscopy. 798 96

IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is thought to be mediated by the glomerular deposition of circulating immune complexes containing IgA as the major antibody component. Tonsillitis often precedes IgAN, and tonsillectomy is an efficient treatment of IgAN. Thus, the tonsil may cause initial and/or progressive events leading to IgAN. To determine the pathological features of tonsillar lymphoid cells, we transferred tonsillar mononuclear cells from IgAN patients to SCID mice. Although human IgG-, IgM- and IgA-positive cells were detected in the spleens of SCID-Hu mice, they failed to reproduce the increase in serum IgA level and glomerular deposition. These results suggest that other factors are needed for the progression of IgAN.
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PMID:Reconstitution of immunological imbalance in SCID mice given tonsillar mononuclear cells from patients with IgA nephropathy. 828 38

We designed a study to investigate the morphological expression of immune responses in the palatine tonsils from patients with IgA nephropathy. To distinguish between the histological characteristics of the tonsils in habitual tonsillitis (47 patients) and IgA nephropathy (11 patients), we studied the T nodules, B-lymphoid follicles, germinal centers, areas of mixed T and B lymphocytes, lacunar epithelium and connective tissues; then we compared patients with habitual tonsillitis and IgA nephropathy. The T nodules in patients with IgA nephropathy were enlarged, and this change was not accompanied by atrophy of B-lymphoid follicles. Morphologically, primary T nodules were predominant. In reactive lymph nodes, T nodules generally play an important role in the extra-follicular maturation of stimulated B lymphocytes into Ig-secreting plasma cells. Therefore the enlarged primary T nodules remind us that this maturation may occur more frequently in the tonsils of patients with IgA nephropathy than in those with habitual tonsillitis. This suggests that some immunoregulatory dysfunction exists in the secretory immune system of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues in patients with IgA nephropathy.
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PMID:Expanded primary T nodules in the palatine tonsils from patients with IgA nephropathy. 828 41

The purpose of this study was to ascertain to what degree the clinical entity recurrent tonsillitis (RT) is associated with a histopathological pattern of chronic tonsillitis. Cases of idiopathic tonsillar hypertrophy (ITH) not associated with recurrent infections were used for comparison. We performed a histopathological study of 126 palatine tonsils of children (57 cases due to RT and 69 due to ITH). The following features were evaluated: cryptal reticulation, the relative amount of diffuse and follicular lymphoid tissues, the intensity of parenchymal fibrosis, the papillary arrangements of the epithelium, the amount of debris in the lumen of the crypts, and the presence of keratin cysts. There was no significant quantitative difference between the two groups (RT and ITH) and we did not find a histological distinctive pattern of RT or ITH. Recurrent infection in the tonsils in children is not associated with a histopathological pattern which could be termed chronic non-specific tonsillitis and is clearly distinguishable from idiopathic tonsillar hypertrophy.
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PMID:Histopathological concept of chronic tonsillitis in children. 908 61


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