Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0040425 (tonsillitis)
 1,594 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of repeated tonsillitis on the development of lymphocyte subsets in the tonsils and among peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) of children. Subsets of T- and B cells were analyzed in the tonsils and in PBL of patients undergoing tonsillectomy for idiopathic tonsillar hypertrophy, recurrent tonsillitis, or tonsillar hypertrophy and tonsillitis. The majority of the CD4+ cells in the tonsils displayed the CD45RO+ phenotype, while the majority of those in the PBL displayed the CD45RA+ phenotype. Likewise, the proportion of CD45RO+CD8+ cells was higher in the tonsils than among PBL. The proportion of CD4 cells expressing the CD45RO marker increased with age among PBL, but not in the tonsils. B cells, detected by their CD19, CD20, and CD21 markers, were three times more abundant in the tonsils than in the PBL. The proportion of CD38+ cells showed a negative correlation with age, both in the tonsils and among PBL. Among PBL a striking age-related reduction was seen in the proportion of CD19+, CD21+ and CD38+CD21+ B cells. In contrast, in the tonsils age-related changes could be detected only in the proportion of CD21+CD38+ cells. No difference among patients with various clinical diagnoses was detectable in any of the T- and B cell subsets in the tonsils and PBL. Thus, lymphocyte subsets evolve independently in the tonsils and peripheral blood, with the repeated antigenic challenge of tonsillar lymphocytes not influencing circulating memory cells.
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PMID:Lymphocyte subsets in human tonsils: the effect of age and infection. 981 32

Beta-lactamase production by the normal pharyngeal flora could account for the failure of penicillin treatment in patients with recurrent tonsillitis. We studied the microbial flora of tonsils from 22 healthy children (control group) and from 40 children with recurrent tonsillitis who were treated with penicillin. Cultures were made before treatment and repeated 15 days after the first culture. Streptococcus pyogenes was recovered in 25% of the patients in the recurrent tonsillitis group. Beta-lactamase producing bacteria were recovered in 100% of children with tonsillitis and in 86.4% of the healthy children. We found a 65% failure rate of penicillin therapy in recurrent tonsillitis. Our results suggest that beta-lactamase production by pharyngeal organisms does not fully explain the failure of penicillin therapy for recurrent tonsillitis.
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PMID:[Beta-lactamase-producing bacteria in recurrent childhood tonsillitis]. 995 Oct 80

Tonsillar microbial flora was studied in cultures of tonsillar core specimens from 34 patients tonsillectomized due to recurrent group A streptococcal pharyngotonsillitis (n = 17) or sleep apnoea (n = 17). Patients in the sleep apnoea subgroup, who had no history of recurrent tonsillitis and manifested no tonsillar hypertrophy at ENT examination, served as controls. Tonsillar core specimens were cultured for semi-quantitative estimation of growth of aerobic, anaerobic and facultative organisms. The recurrent tonsillitis and apnoea subgroups did not differ significantly in the mean number of isolates per patient, either of aerobic spp. (3.8 vs. 4.3) or anaerobic spp. (5.2 vs. 4.7). Nor did the two subgroups differ significantly in the proportion of patients whose specimens manifested beta-lactamase producers (71% vs. 59%), in the isolation frequency of viridans (alpha) streptococci, or in the occurrence of semi-quantitative growth estimates of 3-4+ for aerobic, anaerobic or beta-lactamase-producing spp. Thus, the study provided no support for the hypothesis that inactivation of penicillin V by beta-lactamase-producing bacteria in oral or throat flora, or the eradication of viridans streptococci with their GAS-inhibitory capacity, is an important factor with regard to recurrent group A streptococcal tonsillitis. Other possible explanations, such as poor antibiotic penetration at the site of infection, are discussed.
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PMID:Tonsillar microbial flora: comparison of recurrent tonsillitis and normal tonsils. 1021 95

Superoxide radicals generated in the palatal tonsils by recurrent local infections cause an organic response consistent in synthesis of superoxide dismutase. Tonsillar concentrations of this enzyme correlate with the incidence of tonsillitis. Moreover, superoxide dismutase levels in erythrocytes rise in children proportional to tonsillar concentration in a statistically significant way (y = 0.2356x - 64.918; R2 = 0.9266). The similarities in local and systemic changes in recurrent tonsillitis suggest that the determination of superoxide dismutase in peripheral blood could be a good screening method for determining who should undergo tonsillectomy.
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PMID:[The measurement of superoxide dismutase levels in recurrent tonsillitis. Its practical use]. 1050 8

In recurrent tonsillitis, the tonsil core harbours numerous bacteria, some of which are pathogenic and may occur in great numbers. The most frequent bacteria are Haemophilus influenzae, followed by Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes. A high tissue concentration of these bacteria correlates with clinical parameters of infection and hyperplasia of the tonsils. The role of Streptococcus pyogenes, while undisputed in acute and epidemic tonsillitis, should perhaps be re-evaluated in recurrent and/or hyperplastic tonsillitis.
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PMID:Bacteriology of the tonsil core in recurrent tonsillitis and tonsillar hyperplasia--a short review. 1090 21

Recurrent tonsillitis has been the subject of much investigation. Events considered to predispose to or cause recurrent tonsillitis (RT) include the misuse of antibiotic therapy in acute bouts, alterations in the microflora, structural changes in crypt epithelium and certain viral infections. Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) infection usually occurs in early childhood and can persist in palatine tonsil lymphocytes to induce tonsillitis at a later date. We have examined the presence of EBV in palatine tonsils in order to assess the relationship between this virus and recurrent acute tonsillitis. Tonsils were obtained from 85 patients, 2--14 years old (mean 5.6 years old) who underwent tonsils and adenoid (T&A) removal because of recurrent tonsillitis (RT) or T&A hypertrophy (TH). Tissues specimens were processed for non-isotopic in situ hybridization (ISH) using EBER 1/2 oligonucleotides (EBER RNA). The indications for surgery were RT in 42 patients and TH in 43 patients. In 25 out of 85 cases (29.4%) a positive EBER RNA reaction (15 RT and 33 TH) was found. The chi(2)-test showed no statistically significant difference in frequency of positive results between RT and TH group. We conclude that tonsils of children can be colonized by EBV and that the virus may be implicated in RT and TH.
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PMID:Detection of Epstein-Barr virus in tonsillar tissue of children and the relationship with recurrent tonsillitis. 1124 75

Poor quality sleep and sleep-related hypoxia have been described in children awaiting (adeno)tonsillectomy even in the absence of a history which would suggest such problems. However, restless sleep has also been commonly reported in children from a normal population. It has not been shown whether an increasing frequency of tonsillitis is associated with deterioration in sleep quality. This study directly compares sleep quality in three groups of children: (1) a normal population; (2) children from a normal population who have tonsillitis but are not awaiting tonsillectomy; and (3) children awaiting tonsillectomy for recurrent tonsillitis. A questionnaire was completed by the parents and the answers compared using the chi2 and Spearman's rank correlation tests. The results show that children awaiting tonsillectomy have poorer sleep quality than their normal peers. However, there is no dose-response effect between deteriorating sleep quality and increasing frequency of tonsillitis.
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PMID:A comparison of sleep quality in normal children and children awaiting (adeno)tonsillectomy for recurrent tonsillitis. 1129 66

Tonsillectomy is the second most common operation undertaken in children in the United Kingdom, but the rate at which tonsillectomy is performed varies greatly across the Health Authorities. The reasons for the variation appear to be related to differences in local medical practice rather than differences in regional morbidity. This study was undertaken to compare the factors used to diagnose tonsillitis in children, the indications for tonsillectomy and the expected benefits of tonsillectomy in children by general practitioners, paediatricians and otolaryngologists. There was poor correlation between general practitioners, paediatricians and otolaryngologists in all study objectives. There appears to be no consistent clinical pathway by which children with recurrent tonsillitis are managed. The wide variation in tonsillectomy rates across the United Kingdom will probably continue until the decision-making process of doctors involved in the treatment of children with recurrent tonsillitis is better understood.
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PMID:Is there agreement among general practitioners, paediatricians and otolaryngologists about the management of children with recurrent tonsillitis? 1167 44

An unusual case of recurrent tonsillitis due to pseudomonas aeruginosa. Pseudomonas (P.) aeruginosa in the head and neck region of an immunocompetent patient is mainly seen in ear infections, and sometimes in sinusitis. P. aeruginosa is an occasional finding in tonsil smears as part of normal microbial flora, but it rarely produces suppurative tonsil infection. We report a case of a previously healthy young female with recurrent episodes of tonsillitis due to P. aeruginosa infection. Although the patient received complete regimens of antibiotics (orally and intravenously) repeatedly, definitive eradication was only achieved after tonsillectomy.
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PMID:An unusual case of recurrent tonsillitis due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 1168 56

Treatment outcomes of tonsillectomy were studied in 7 Japanese patients with psoriasis--3 males and 4 females aged 9 to 46 years (median: 23 years)--followed up 2 to 9 years after tonsillectomy. All skin lesions disappeared in 3 patients, 80% of those in 2, and no change in the remaining 2 during follow-up. Of 5 in whom skin lesions improved, 4 were females and had a history of tonsillitis making skin lesions worse. In quantitative immunohistologic analysis on tonsillar tissues by CD20 and anti-ssDNA antibodies, areas of T cell-nodules were significantly expanded, but those of the B-lymphoid follicles were smaller, and the number of apoptotic cells increased in tonsils from patients with psoriasis and PPP compared to those with recurrent tonsillitis. The area of T cell-nodules and the number of apoptosis cells were significantly larger in tonsils from 4 patients with complete recovery after tonsillectomy compared to the remaining 9 without complete recovery. This suggests that histologic evaluation may be helpful in estimating the effectiveness of tonsillectomy.
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PMID:[Efficacy of tonsillectomy on psoriasis and tonsil histology]. 1176 91


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