Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0040425 (tonsillitis)
 1,594 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To elucidate mechanisms responsible for susceptibility of the palatine tonsil to infections in patients with recurrent tonsillitis, we studied 46 patients with recurrent tonsillitis (RT), simple hypertrophic tonsil (SHT) or focal tonsillitis (FT) in regard to the participation of viral infections, especially Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection by using ELISA and immunostaining methods. Culture supernatants of tonsillar lymphocytes in RT group had antibodies to respiratory syncytial (RS) virus at greater positive rate (26.3%) than that of SHT group (16.7%). About 70% of patients with RT had serum antibodies to viral capsid antigen (VCA) of EBV in high titre over 160X, but only 30% in SHT group. Furthermore, in RT group 2 patients possessed IgM antibody to VCA and IgG antibody to early antigen (EA). In RT group, IgG, IgM and IgA antibodies to VCA and IgG antibody to EA presented in the supernatant in 58%, 17.6%, 11.7% and 17.6% respectively. In the 35 tonsillar lymphocyte suspensions tested 20% contained EBNA-positive lymphocytes. In RT group, 5 of 21 patients (23.8%) had EBNA-positive lymphocytes, but only one of 9 (14.3%) in SHT group. These results suggest that EBV infection and its reactivation in the palatine tonsil may be one of major mechanisms in recurrent episodes of tonsillitis.
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PMID:Viral infections associated with recurrent tonsillitis. 609 55

No significant differences were found between hyperplastic tonsillitis and recurrent tonsillitis in the intensity of cell-mediated immune response of tonsillar T cells, the ratio of T cell subsets, the ratio of Tac-positive cells, and the stimulation index determined after incubation in the presence of TCGF alone. However, the proportion of the cells in phase S+G2+M, the ratio of OKT9-positive cells to total tonsillar lymphocytes, and the amount of polyamines (especially putrescine) were greater in hypertrophied tonsils than in the tonsils with recurrent tonsillitis. Some characteristics of recurrent tonsillitis are discussed from these differences. Comparison of tonsillar lymphocytes from children vs. adults produced similar results. The proportion of cells in phase S+G2+M, the ratio of OKT9, and the amount of polyamines were greater in tonsils of children. In addition, differences in the function of tonsillar and peripheral lymphocytes from the patient are also discussed.
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PMID:Immunological and biochemical properties of tonsillar lymphocytes. 624 78

cAMP metabolism, including the intracellular cAMP level and adenylcyclase activity, was studied in tonsillar and peripheral lymphocytes. The basal activity of adenylcyclase was significantly higher in tonsillar lymphocytes than in peripheral lymphocytes, although the basal level of intracellular cAMP did not differ. The responsiveness of the intracellular cAMP level and adenylcyclase activity stimulated by 10(-5) M isoproterenol, or 10(-5) M prostaglandin E1, which was thought to stimulate this enzyme through a specific receptor, was significantly lower in tonsillar lymphocytes than in peripheral lymphocytes. Moreover, the responsiveness of adenylcyclase activity to 10(-2) M NaF, which was thought to stimulate this enzyme directly, was also significantly lower in tonsillar lymphocytes. Tonsillar T lymphocytes represented a lower cAMP basal level than tonsillar B lymphocytes, but no difference was observed in the responsiveness of intracellular cAMP to the above agents. Tonsillar lymphocytes derived from patients with recurrent tonsillitis represented significantly lower cAMP responsiveness than those from patients of other chronic tonsillitis. Furthermore, in the tonsillar lymphocytes from patients with a recent attack of acute tonsillitis, a more depressed responsiveness of the intracellular cAMP level to the above agents was recognized. The cAMP basal level was not changed by these pathological alterations of tonsillitis.
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PMID:Studies on the intracellular cAMP metabolism of tonsillar lymphocytes. 627 29

Amino acid transport in human tonsillar lymphocytes was investigated in 32 patients of various ages and with different tonsillar diseases. Tonsillar lymphocytes appeared to possess at least four different transport systems for neutral amino acids including the activated Na+-dependent A system transport. The transport activity of neutral amino acid was significantly higher in child cases than in adult cases. In adult cases with focal tonsillitis, tonsillar lymphocytes were taken from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and skin diseases as secondary lesions who showed good improvement of the skin lesions after tonsillectomy. These lymphocytes were revealed to have more activated Na+-dependent transport than those from patients with skin diseases who showed poor improvement of the skin lesions after the tonsillectomy, and those from patients with recurrent tonsillitis. The characteristics of amino acid transport in human tonsillar lymphocytes and changes influenced by age and tonsillar diseases are discussed.
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PMID:Amino acid transport in human tonsillar lymphocytes with regard to patient's age and tonsillar diseases. 642 38

Changing trends in the treatment of peritonsillar abscess are demonstrated by this retrospective study of 74 patients treated from 1975 through 1980 by a standardized regimen. This included needle aspiration at three points, intravenous antibiotics, hydration, and pharyngeal douches. The patients ages ranged from 11 to 73 years. There were 45 males and 29 females. Needle aspiration was positive in 52 patients (70%) and repeat aspiration was necessary in 10% of patients. Tonsillectomy was performed in 42 patients. No recurrent peritonsillar abscesses occurred during the 1 to 5 year follow-up of the 32 patients who did not have tonsillectomy. Recurrent tonsillitis did occur in 4 of these patients and 3 of them had a past history of recurrent tonsillitis. The authors conclude that treatment of peritonsillar abscess should consist of needle aspiration, intravenous antibiotics and supportive measures. Interval tonsillectomy should be performed only when there is a history of recurrent tonsillitis or previous peritonsillar abscess.
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PMID:Changing face of treatment of peritonsillar abscess. 695 92

The clinical course of 19 consecutive children treated for peritonsillar abscess (PTA), in the Chaim Sheba Medical Center, between 1988-1992 was retrospectively reviewed. The abscess was drained through an incision (12 children) and by needle aspiration (7 children), under local (11 children) or general (8 children) anesthesia. One child suffered from recurrent bouts of tonsillitis after the abscess resolved and eventually underwent tonsillectomy. Two others, with a pre-PTA history of recurrent tonsillitis (T+) underwent interval tonsillectomy. Recurrent PTA did not develop in any of the 16 non-operated children. The involvement of mainly older children can explain both the low rate of the pre-PTA history of T+ and the number of children whose abscess could be drained under local anesthesia. Tonsillectomy should be indicated in cases of recurrent PTA or in children with a pre-PTA history of T+. The need for general anesthesia for draining the abscess in young children does not seem, in itself, to warrant a routine hot tonsillectomy.
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PMID:The indication for tonsillectomy in children following peritonsillar abscess. 772 93

The therapeutic efficacy of the synthetic immunostimulant pidotimod ((R)-3-[(S)-(5-oxo-2-pyrrolidinyl) carbonyl]-thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid, PGT/1A, CAS 121808-62-6) was evaluated in a double-blind placebo-controlled study in parallel groups in the management of recurrences in 235 children with recurrent tonsillitis. The ambulant study provided for 15 days of treatment with two oral vials of pidotimod 400 mg or placebo daily, in accordance with a randomisation list, 60 days of treatment with one oral vial of pidotimod 400 mg or placebo daily, and a 90-day follow-up period. The total trial period was 165 days. In addition to evaluating the number of tonsillitis recurrences which occurred during the 75 days of treatment and the 90-day follow-up period, the number of days on which the principal symptoms of the illness were present and on which drugs such as antibiotics or anti-inflammatory agents were used concomitantly, as well as the number of days' absence from school, were analyzed. The findings showed that, taking the treatment phase and the three-month follow-up period together, pidotimod significantly reduces the incidence of inflammatory upper airways episodes. The very low incidence of adverse effects, which was the same as that in the placebo group, confirmed the excellent safety of the product.
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PMID:Immunoactivity of pidotimod against episodes of recurrent tonsillitis in childhood. 785 56

Superoxide anion (O2-) production by peripheral blood polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) stimulated with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) was measured by the cytochrome C method in 57 patients with recurrent tonsillitis. There was no significant correlation between superoxide production and episodes of acute tonsillitis, serum C-reactive protein levels, or peripheral white blood cell count. However, the superoxide production by PMNs was inversely correlated with serum anti-streptolysin-O titers (r = -.38, p = .008). Furthermore, the mean +/- SD superoxide levels produced by PMNs from patients with high serum ASO titers (> 71 U/ml), 69.58 +/- 30.56 nM/10(6) cells, was significantly lower than that of patients with low serum ASO titers (< 71 U/ml), 89.83 +/- 38.90 nM/10(6) cells (p = 0.037), and that of healthy adult controls, 102.27 +/- 44.67 nM/10(6) cells (p = 0.012). In addition, the effect of Streptococcus pyogenes on superoxide production by PMNs was studied in vitro. Superoxide production by PMNs preincubated with 600 micrograms/ml culture supernatant of Streptococcus pyogenes T4 (not detected) and T12 (34.82 +/- 31.40 nM/10(6) cells) was significantly lower than that of PMNs preincubated with culture medium (136.09 +/- 70.41 nM/10(6) cells; p < 0.05, each). Inhibition of superoxide production by PMNs by preincubation with culture supernatant of Streptococcus was increased by the protein in the culture supernatant in a concentration-dependent manner. These findings suggest that frequent and/or persistent streptococcal infections may reduce the superoxide production by PMNs, leading to recurrent episodes of tonsillitis.
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PMID:[Superoxide production by neutrophils in patients with recurrent tonsillitis]. 786 Dec 98

Forty-five patients with homozygous sickle cell disease who had tonsillectomy for recurrent tonsillitis, when compared with 45 matched controls with haemoglobin genotype AA, showed significant differences in the clinical manifestations and complications of recurrent tonsillitis between the two groups. Although throat swabs in the sickle cell group were mostly negative because they were on prophylactic penicillin, all tonsils harboured Streptococcus pneumoniae when cultured. This study suggests the tonsils to be the more specific source of pneumococcal infection that causes systemic complications which increase morbidity and mortality in sickle cell disease. Although the sickle cell patients may be less clinically symptomatic with tonsillitis, the incidence of serious complications caused by pneumococcal infections, now shown to arise from the tonsils, is significant. Adenotonsillar hypertrophy is linked with an increased risk of a sleep apnoea which causes serious neurological complications such as cerebral infarction and stroke. Tonsillectomy has greatly reduced the incidence of complications from pneumococcal infections in the sickle cell group and should therefore be recommended for sickle cell patients taking prophylactic penicillin and still developing pneumococcal infections.
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PMID:The significance of recurrent tonsillitis in sickle cell disease. 792 45

In the present study, the gamma delta T cell content of the tonsillar T cell population has been evaluated for the first time. Flow cytometric analysis showed that 1.56% of T cells in palatine tonsils obtained from patients with recurrent tonsillitis (n = 17) expressed the gamma delta T cell receptor. Next, the tissue distribution of these cells in palatine tonsil was examined immunohistologically. Gamma delta T cell receptor positive cells and CD3 positive cells were counted in the crypt epithelium, tonsillar epithelium on the free surface and in the interfollicular space (n = 29). The gamma delta T cell content of the whole T cell population in each of these regions was calculated and compared. It was demonstrated that T cells in the crypt epithelium contained more gamma delta T cell receptor bearing cells than did T cells infiltrating the tonsillar epithelium on the free surface. T cells in the interfollicular space included even fewer gamma delta T cells. The gamma delta T cell content of tonsillar T cells showed a gradual decrease with age in each region. Then, infiltration of gamma delta T cells in the crypt epithelium was compared among recurrent tonsillitis, hypertrophic tonsil and focus tonsil (PPP) specimens. Recurrent tonsillitis showed the highest gamma delta T cell content in T cells infiltrating the crypt epithelium. There was no remarkable infiltration of these cells in the crypt epithelium of focus tonsil. Furthermore, the gamma delta T cell population was isolated from tonsillar lymphocytes and stimulated with staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA), staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) and toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Gamma delta T cells in the palatine tonsil--immunohistological and functional study]. 831 38


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