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Query: UMLS:C0040425 (tonsillitis)
 1,594 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A qualitative and quantitative analysis of the tonsillar surface and core of children with recurrent streptococcal tonsillitis and children with obstructive tonsillar hypertrophy was performed. No qualitative difference was found within the two population groups. Haemophilus influenzae and Bacteroides melaninogenicus were the most prevalent beta-lactamase-producing isolates in both groups. Staphylococcus aureus had the highest rate of beta-lactamase production on the tonsillar surface of children with recurrent tonsillitis, while Streptococcus pyogenes was more prevalent in the tonsillar surface cultures of children with obstructive tonsillar hypertrophy. The bacterial density was high but not significantly different in both groups of children. The similar microbial composition and density of both groups and the higher rate of S pyogenes recovery may signify a subclinical disease or normal flora in children with obstructive tonsillar hypertrophy.
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PMID:Microbiology of obstructive tonsillar hypertrophy and recurrent tonsillitis. 271 31

We studied the microbial flora of tonsils removed from 20 children who suffered from recurrent group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal (GABHS) tonsillitis and 20 who had tonsillar hypertrophy following recurrent non-GABHS tonsillitis. Similar polymicrobial aerobic and anaerobic flora were recovered from the cores of the tonsils in each group. beta-Lactamase-producing bacteria (BLPB) were recovered more often in the group with GABHS. This difference was due mostly to the lower incidence of beta-lactamase-producing strains of Branhamella catarrhalis and Bacteroides sp in hypertrophic tonsils following non-GABHS tonsillitis. beta-Lactamase-producing Staphylococcus aureus was found with equal frequency in both groups. These findings demonstrate that although BLPB are recovered more often in recurrently inflamed tonsils following GABHS infection, BLPB also can be found in hypertrophic tonsils following non-GABHS tonsillitis.
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PMID:Comparison of the microbiology of group A and non-group A streptococcal tonsillitis. 313 74

The authors studied the effect of tonsil cells obtained from intact and inflamed tonsils on spontaneous cytotoxicity of autologous blood leucocytes. It has been shown that addition of tonsil cells of patients with chronic tonsillitis and those of animals with experimental tonsillitis to blood cells with a high cytotoxic potential did not augment cytolysis of heteroerythrocytes but inhibited it. Meanwhile in the joint cultivation of tonsil cells of intact animals and children with tonsillar hypertrophy with autologous blood leucocytes the killer effect exceeded that seen in a separate use of these cells. The data presented in this article indicate that non-specific suppressors capable of inhibiting spontaneous killing may appear in tonsils in the course of inflammation.
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PMID:Tonsillar suppressors of killer cells in tonsillitis. 644 25

The epidemiology of tuberculosis has changed recently with an increasing incidence of unusual presentations. A case of tuberculous tonsillitis, which is a rare condition, is presented in this report. The manifestations of this entity are tonsillar hypertrophy and painful ulceration. Final diagnosis of tuberculous tonsillitis is usually made after histopathologic examination of tonsillectomy material. Cultures should be obtained from the tissue specimens, and acid-fast bacilli must be investigated to confirm the diagnosis. Systemic signs of tuberculosis may not be seen in this clinical form. These features may confuse tuberculous tonsillitis with malignancies. In this article, general information and literature about tuberculous tonsillitis are reviewed, and a case of tuberculous tonsillitis is reported to draw attention to this rare clinical form of tuberculosis.
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PMID:Tuberculous tonsillitis. 853 92

There are only few studies on the normal bacteriology of tonsils. The purpose of this study was to acquire knowledge about the normal microflora: patients without recurrent tonsillitis (RT) and without tonsil hypertrophy (TH) and to compare these results with the pathological microflora: patients who have recurrent tonsillitis and/or tonsillar hypertrophy. We did 132 cultures of tonsil surface obtained from normal children and 96 cultures from pathological surfaces during the summer and in the winter. Comparing normal and pathological groups, we found Neisseria spp and Enterobacteria spp more frequently in the normal group. There are differences in the surface microflora of tonsils from normal persons and from individuals with tonsillitis.
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PMID:Comparative bacteriology of the surface of normal and pathological palatine tonsils in children. 908 58

The purpose of this study was to ascertain to what degree the clinical entity recurrent tonsillitis (RT) is associated with a histopathological pattern of chronic tonsillitis. Cases of idiopathic tonsillar hypertrophy (ITH) not associated with recurrent infections were used for comparison. We performed a histopathological study of 126 palatine tonsils of children (57 cases due to RT and 69 due to ITH). The following features were evaluated: cryptal reticulation, the relative amount of diffuse and follicular lymphoid tissues, the intensity of parenchymal fibrosis, the papillary arrangements of the epithelium, the amount of debris in the lumen of the crypts, and the presence of keratin cysts. There was no significant quantitative difference between the two groups (RT and ITH) and we did not find a histological distinctive pattern of RT or ITH. Recurrent infection in the tonsils in children is not associated with a histopathological pattern which could be termed chronic non-specific tonsillitis and is clearly distinguishable from idiopathic tonsillar hypertrophy.
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PMID:Histopathological concept of chronic tonsillitis in children. 908 61

The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of repeated tonsillitis on the development of lymphocyte subsets in the tonsils and among peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) of children. Subsets of T- and B cells were analyzed in the tonsils and in PBL of patients undergoing tonsillectomy for idiopathic tonsillar hypertrophy, recurrent tonsillitis, or tonsillar hypertrophy and tonsillitis. The majority of the CD4+ cells in the tonsils displayed the CD45RO+ phenotype, while the majority of those in the PBL displayed the CD45RA+ phenotype. Likewise, the proportion of CD45RO+CD8+ cells was higher in the tonsils than among PBL. The proportion of CD4 cells expressing the CD45RO marker increased with age among PBL, but not in the tonsils. B cells, detected by their CD19, CD20, and CD21 markers, were three times more abundant in the tonsils than in the PBL. The proportion of CD38+ cells showed a negative correlation with age, both in the tonsils and among PBL. Among PBL a striking age-related reduction was seen in the proportion of CD19+, CD21+ and CD38+CD21+ B cells. In contrast, in the tonsils age-related changes could be detected only in the proportion of CD21+CD38+ cells. No difference among patients with various clinical diagnoses was detectable in any of the T- and B cell subsets in the tonsils and PBL. Thus, lymphocyte subsets evolve independently in the tonsils and peripheral blood, with the repeated antigenic challenge of tonsillar lymphocytes not influencing circulating memory cells.
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PMID:Lymphocyte subsets in human tonsils: the effect of age and infection. 981 32

Tonsillar microbial flora was studied in cultures of tonsillar core specimens from 34 patients tonsillectomized due to recurrent group A streptococcal pharyngotonsillitis (n = 17) or sleep apnoea (n = 17). Patients in the sleep apnoea subgroup, who had no history of recurrent tonsillitis and manifested no tonsillar hypertrophy at ENT examination, served as controls. Tonsillar core specimens were cultured for semi-quantitative estimation of growth of aerobic, anaerobic and facultative organisms. The recurrent tonsillitis and apnoea subgroups did not differ significantly in the mean number of isolates per patient, either of aerobic spp. (3.8 vs. 4.3) or anaerobic spp. (5.2 vs. 4.7). Nor did the two subgroups differ significantly in the proportion of patients whose specimens manifested beta-lactamase producers (71% vs. 59%), in the isolation frequency of viridans (alpha) streptococci, or in the occurrence of semi-quantitative growth estimates of 3-4+ for aerobic, anaerobic or beta-lactamase-producing spp. Thus, the study provided no support for the hypothesis that inactivation of penicillin V by beta-lactamase-producing bacteria in oral or throat flora, or the eradication of viridans streptococci with their GAS-inhibitory capacity, is an important factor with regard to recurrent group A streptococcal tonsillitis. Other possible explanations, such as poor antibiotic penetration at the site of infection, are discussed.
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PMID:Tonsillar microbial flora: comparison of recurrent tonsillitis and normal tonsils. 1021 95

The antioxidant effect of superoxido dismutase in saliva was measured in children bearing of tonsillar hypertrophy, recidivant tonsillitis or peritonsillar abscess. These levels were compared to those detected on tonsillar tissue obtained from tonsillectomy (p < 0.001). Although salivary SOD concentration in children with tonsillar infection was higher than hypertrophy, there was not a significative correlation to tonsillar value of the enzyme (R2 = 0.2276), so we can not accept a predictive value for salivary SOD of tonsillar suffering and, eventually, of tonsillectomy.
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PMID:[Variations of salivary dismutase superoxide in tonsillar infection]. 1273 24

For the past century, standard (total) tonsillectomy has been the preferred method for treating illness resulting from tonsillar infection and hypertrophy. With the advent of antibiotics, however, more cases of tonsillitis are treated medically. As a result, tonsillectomies are being performed less frequently for infection than for obstructive symptoms associated with tonsillar hypertrophy and sleep-disordered breathing. This shift has led to the re-emergence of the tonsillotomy, and more specifically the partial or intracapsular tonsillectomy, as an option for treating tonsillar hypertrophy, mainly in an effort to reduce the post-operative complications of pain, subsequent dehydration from lack of oral intake, and, potentially, delayed postoperative bleeding. The following is a review of the literature comparing intracapsular tonsillectomy to standard tonsillectomy for tonsillar hypertrophy associated with sleep-disordered breathing.
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PMID:Intracapsular versus standard tonsillectomy: review of literature. 1637 70


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