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Query: UMLS:C0040425 (tonsillitis)
 1,594 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The authors give clinicomorphological analysis of 100 cases of chronic tonsillitis in young children who had marked regional lymphadenitis in the absence of clinical manifestations of tonsillitis. General and local immunity were examined in these children. Lifetime assessment was made of functional tonsil condition by cytological and microbiological examination of the content of deep lacune parts. Removed palatine tonsils were examined histologically, immunohistochemically and ultrastructurally. Uncommon location of the upper tonsillar pole impairs drainage function of the lacunes, attenuation of lymphoepithelial symbiosis, functional activity of the affected part of the tonsils which give rise to pathological processes in the regional lymph nodes. Impairment of lymph nodes becomes leading in clinical course of the disease.
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PMID:[Morpho-functional status of the pharyngeal and palatine tonsils in children with regional lymphadenitis]. 1084 85

Complex ophthalmologic examination (visorefracto- and accommodometry) and study of disease structure were conducted in 1189 persons of flying staff. In the main group (persons with myopia) LOR-diseases were noticed 3.6 times more often than in those without myopia. In pilots with myopic refraction chronic inflammatory diseases of palatine tonsils: chronic compensated (35.5%) and decompensated (27%) tonsillitis occur 7-12 times more often than in control group. Investigation of visual function has revealed that in the group of persons without the history of chronic tonsillitis the least degree of myopia, the greatest visual acuity without correction, the least value of progress gradient and minimal decrease in indices of relative and absolute accommodation were observed. In persons after tonsillectomy the mentioned parameters of visual functions are close to the values obtained in pilots without the history of chronic tonsillitis; only accommodative functions were practically twice decreased. Chronic tonsillitis causes the greater degree of myopia and gradient of its progress and respectively more lower visual acuity and significant decrease in accommodation indices (P < 0.05). Also it has been detected that if myopia was diagnosed in a year or more after tonsillectomy then myopia and degree of visual function disorders respectively were minimal. If the operation was performed in a year or more after myopia detection the disorders in visual functions were more expressed and myopia reached significantly higher values (P < 0.05).
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PMID:[Significance of inflammatory diseases of otorhinolaryngological organs in etiology and pathogenesis of myopia in the Air Forces flying personnel]. 1130 5

Chronic tonsillitis is a frequent disease in the adult population, in which the actinomycotic infection represents a not negligible accompanying phenomenon. Data about the presence of actinomycotic granules in tonsilar crypts are controversial in the available literature sources. Likewise, evaluation of the clinical significance of actinomycetes in the tonsil is reduced to simple saprophytism by some, or is considered infective for the tonsilar tissue by others. The present study assesses the appearance of actinomycetes and the character of their invasiveness in the tonsilar tissue afflicted with chronic tonsillitis. The material consists of surgical specimens from 125 patients between the age of 15 to 78 years. Actinomycotic granules were present in 52 cases (41.6%), in 3 of those (5.8%) no tissue reaction was observed. Most frequently, in 32 of positive cases (61.5%), the granules were in crypts accompanied by abundant accumulation of inflammatory cells. In 16 cases (32.7%), actinomycetes migrated through the epithelium into the tonsilar tissue. The presence of actinomycotic granules was significantly higher in chronic lacunar tonsillitis (72.4%) if compared with chronic tonsillitis cases without dilated crypts (36.3%). Our results indicate that actinomycets may play an active role in the etiology of chronic inflammatory tonsilar disease as the causative factor, or as a factor complicating an antecedent disease.
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PMID:[Relation between actinomycosis infection and the occurrence of chronic tonsillitis in adults]. 1166 27

To determine the economic impact of adult chronic tonsillitis and the economic improvement from adult tonsillectomy, we studied patients who underwent adult tonsillectomy for chronic tonsillitis with the Glasgow Benefit Inventory and a questionnaire for disease severity parameters before and after tonsillectomy. The economic impact of chronic tonsillitis and adult tonsillectomy were computed with a break-even time analysis model. Eighty-three adult patients (average age, 27.3 years) completed the study with an average duration of follow-up of 37.7 months. The patients exhibited a mean improvement in quality of life of +27.54 +/- 4.63 after tonsillectomy according to the Glasgow Benefit Inventory. In the 12 months following the procedure, tonsillectomy resulted in yearly mean decreases in number of weeks on antibiotics by 5.9 weeks, number of workdays missed because of tonsillitis by 8.7 days, and physician visits for tonsillitis by 5.3 visits. In considering the medical costs of tonsillectomy only, the break-even point was found to be 12.7 years, whereas considering the overall economic impact of tonsillectomy resulted in a break-even point of 2.3 years after the procedure. We conclude that tonsillectomy results in significant improvement in quality of life, decreases health-care utilization, and diminishes the economic burden of chronic tonsillitis in the adult patient population.
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PMID:Economic benefit of tonsillectomy in adults with chronic tonsillitis. 1245 Jan 71

Outpatient laser ablation of the palatine tonsils under local anaesthetic is an alternative technique to capsular tonsillectomy for recurrent tonsillitis under general anaesthetic. Laser tonsillotomy ablates up to 70% of the tonsillar tissue and is performed when patients choose not to have a conventional tonsillectomy, or are unfit for a general anaesthetic. The technique described here is an adaptation of Krespis' laser-assisted serial tonsillectomy (LAST) whereby only one sitting is required. Krespis' technique effectively eliminates recurrent tonsillitis in 96% of the cases over a 4-year follow-up period and represents the only substantial study looking at treating recurrent tonsillitis with outpatient laser ablation. This study is a retrospective postal survey of 19 patients who underwent laser tonsillar ablation under local anaesthetic for recurrent chronic tonsillitis from 1997 to 2001 and was performed in liaison with the clinical audit department at Basildon Hospital. We had a response rate of 74% and an admission rate of 0%, which compares favourably with day case tonsillectomy surgery. Of the patients, 75% did not experience further episodes of tonsillitis 12 months after the procedure and 77% of the patients were glad they had the operation. Although this technique does not completely eliminate tonsillitis, it offers an alternative for those patients who prefer a procedure that is done quickly in an outpatient setting without the additional problems of general anaesthesia, overnight hospital admission and long waiting lists.
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PMID:Outpatient laser tonsillar ablation under local anaesthetic. 1468 81

Nitric oxide (NO) degradation products were assayed in lacunar discharge in chronic compensated and decompensated tonsillitis before and after treatment on the ultrasound device Tonsillor. It was found that pretreatment concentration of NO degradation products (nitrites and nitrates) differed in decompensated and compensated chronic tonsillitis. The treatment reduced content of NO degradation products in both forms of tonsillitis. Use of indirect values of NO concentration are proposed for differential diagnosis between chronic compensated and decompensated tonsillitis as well as for monitoring of treatment efficacy.
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PMID:[The role of nitric oxide in antimicrobial defense in chronic tonsillitis]. 1609 18

To evaluate prevalence, main causes and social factors of chronic tonsillitis (CT), we examined 321 families 335 children (age 1-15 years) from which had diagnosis of CT. The examination detected CT in the other 114 children from these families. Families of 120 healthy children matched for age served control. Family tonsillitis was detected in 171 (53.3%) families of the study group and 15 (17.5%) families of the control group (p < 0.05). Of 307 mothers of reproductive age, 84 (26.3%) were diagnosed to have CT, 36 (11.2%) of them had a history of tonsillectomy. Our data suggest the existence of family CT. To prevent it, early preventive measures should be taken.
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PMID:[Prevalence of chronic family tonsillitis and its prevention]. 1715 73

Tonsils are believed to play an important role during the development of the immune system. Although diseases of the tonsils like hypertrophy of the tonsil, acute tonsillitis, chronic tonsillitis or peritonsillar abscess are common, little is known about the underlying pathophysiology. Little is known about antimicrobial peptides produced by the tonsils. The human beta-Defensins 1-3 (hBD1-3) are naturally produced "antibiotics" with antimicrobial activity against different bacteria, fungi, and viruses. The objective of the study was to determine the concentrations for hBD1-3 in different states of diseases of the tonsilla palatina. After tonsillectomy and tissue fixation in formalin, total proteins were isolated from 38 samples (11 hypertrophy of the tonsil, 8 acute tonsillitis, 11 chronic tonsillitis, 8 peritonsillar abscesses). The protein concentration was determined and ELISA for hBD1-3 were performed. We also conducted immunofluorescence double stainings for the co-expression of streptococcus group A and hBD1-3. We could verify a significant difference for the mean hBD1 score of the acute tonsillitis in comparison to the hyperplastic tonsil, the chronic tonsillitis, and the peritonsillar abscess. There was no statistically significant difference in the hBD2 and hBD3 concentrations between the four groups. The immunofluorescence stainings showed that hBD1-3 and the streptococcus group A in the same place. We conclude that in the hyperplastic tonsilla palatina hBD1-3 play an important role. The mouth is constantly faced with a high bacterial load. During a tonsillitis, the hBD1 concentration is lower than in the non-acute infected tonsil because hBD1 is being consumed for fighting the bacterial infection. But, the existence of hBD1-3 in the tonsil cannot prevent the tonsillitis to become chronic.
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PMID:Human beta-Defensins in different states of diseases of the tonsilla palatina. 1972 84

Sore throat is most commonly caused by viruses, but when caused by bacteria, the most important is group A streptococcus (GAS). The aim of these guidelines is to determine optimal treatment for streptococcal sore throat and reasonable indications for tonsillectomy, as well as recommend how to differentiate streptococcal infection for which antibiotics are justified, from numerous other sore throats where antibiotics wont have a significant effect on disease course, but might contribute to bacterial resistance to antibiotics. The development of the guidelines was initiated by the Interdisciplinary Section for Antibiotic Resistance Control (ISKRA) of the Croatian Ministry of Health and Social Welfare in accordance with the principles of AGREE (Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation) methodology which means that the guidelines are the result of consensus between all interested professional societies and institutions. For streptococcal sore throat diagnostics, the Working Group recommends evaluation of clinical presentation according to Centor criteria and for patients with Centor score 0-1, antibiotic therapy is not recommended nor bacteriological testing, while for patients with Centor score 2-4 bacteriological testing is recommended (rapid test or culture) as well as antibiotic therapy in case of positive result. The drug of choice for the treatment of streptococcal tonsillopharyngitis is oral penicillin taken for ten days (penicillin V) or in case of poor patient compliance benzathine penicillin G can be administered parenterally in a single dose. Other antibiotics (macrolides, clindamycin, cephalosporins, co-amoxiclav) are administered only in case of hypersensitivity to penicillin or in recurrent infections. Tonsillectomy is a widely accepted surgical procedure that decreases the number of sore throats in children and should be performed only if indications for this procedure are established. Absolute indications include five or more streptococcal infections per year, tonsillitis complications, permanent respiratory tract obstruction, obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and suspected tonsillar malignancy. Relative indications include chronic tonsillitis and occlusion disturbances.
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PMID:[ISKRA guidelines on sore throat: diagnostic and therapeutic approach--Croatian national guidelines]. 1976 78

Analysis of the results of a bacteriological study involving 218 patients with various forms of chronic tonsillitis (CT) has demonstrated that they were significantly different in terms of the seeding rate of beta-hemolytic group A Streptococci (BHAS). Specifically, these microorganisms were detected in patients with paratonsillar abscess 2.5 times as frequently as in those with uncomplicated forms of chronic tonsilitis. In other words, the former group is at risk of developing such concomitant diseases as post-streptococcal rheumocarditis, glomerulonephritis, and polyarthritis. It was shown that BHAS are capable of forming a biological film at the surface of abiogenic carriers in vitro which may be a principal cause of chronic and recurring tonsillitis.
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PMID:[The role of microflora in etiology of chronic tonsillitis]. 2055 41


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