Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0040425 (tonsillitis)
 1,594 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Cefuzonam (L-105, CZON) was given intravenously to 20 pediatric patients with the following acute bacterial infections: 13 of bronchopneumonia and 1 each of tonsillitis, purulent cervical lymphadenitis and acute tonsillitis, laryngitis, bronchitis, pyothorax, purulent meningitis complicated with septic arthritis, and urinary tract infection. Good clinical responses were obtained in all of the 20 patients and bacterial eradication of all 16 strains. No side effect was observed except 3 cases of slight elevation of transaminase, and 1 case each of soft stool and eosinophilia. From the above clinical results, it appears that CZON is a useful antibiotic for the treatment of pediatric patients with various kinds of bacterial infections.
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PMID:[Clinical observations on cefuzonam in pediatrics]. 361 86

The efficacy of ceftriaxone, 1 g given intramuscularly once daily, was evaluated in 38 patients with pneumonia (n = 11), pulmonary empyema (n = 2), bronchitis (n = 4), tonsillitis (n = 9), sinusitis (n = 7), and otitis (n = 5). Causative organisms were Streptococcus pneumoniae (n = 11), viridans type streptococcus (n = 1), Haemophilus influenzae (n = 6), group A streptococcus (n = 10), Staphylococcus aureus (n = 3), Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 2), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 1), Escherichia coli (n = 2), Proteus mirabilis (n = 1), and Proteus vulgaris (n = 1). Sterilization of infected foci was obtained in 89.4% of those treated, with clinical recovery in 86.8%. The ceftriaxone regimen was well tolerated.
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PMID:Ceftriaxone therapy in otolaryngological and pulmonary infections. 370 68

A newly developed cephalosporin, cefixime (CFIX), was evaluated clinically in 35 pediatric patients. A pharmacokinetic study was also performed with 11 patients. CFIX was administered as granules. The pharmacokinetic study was conducted in 11 patients, each of 6 patients was given CFIX at a dose of 3 mg/kg and each of the remaining patients was given CFIX at 6 mg/kg. Serum concentrations of CFIX were measured at 2, 4, 6, 8 and 12 hours after dosing. Urinary concentrations of CFIX were measured for periods of 0-6 and 6-12 hours after dosing. CFIX was assayed by the disk method using E. coli ATCC 39188 as the test organism. The clinical evaluation was conducted in 35 children including 5 patients of acute tonsillitis, 10 of acute lacunar tonsillitis, 1 of purulent lymphadenitis, 1 of scarlet fever, 8 of acute bronchitis, 5 of pneumonia, 3 of urinary tract infections and 1 of paratyphoid B. One additional patient was included only in the evaluation of safety since he was suffering from Mycoplasma pneumonia. the patients were from 4 months to 8 years 2 months old and 11 of them were inpatients. Daily doses were from 6.0 to 13.5 mg/kg. After CFIX administration in doses of 3 mg/kg and 6 mg/kg, peak serum concentrations were 1.75 and 3.36 micrograms/ml, half-lives were 2.65 and 2.86 hours and urinary excretions rates up to 12 hours after dosing were 16.1 and 12.4%, respectively. Serum concentrations were dose dependent and the half-life was fairly long compared with other known oral cephalosporins. Clinical efficacies of CFIX in 34 patients were "excellent" in 25 children, "good" in 8 and "poor" in 1 with effectiveness rate of 97.1%. Twenty-two strains of causative organisms, including 6 strains of S. aureus, 3 of S. pyogenes, 2 of S. pneumoniae, 3 of E. coli, 5 of H. influenzae, 2 of H. parainfluenzae and 1 of S. paratyphi B, were isolated. After treatment all strains except 2 strains of S. aureus (one was unknown and the other was decreased), 1 strain of S. pneumoniae (unknown) and 1 strain of H. influenzae (unknown) were successfully eradicated but S. paratyphi B was proved again in feces 9 days after treatment. No adverse reaction was observed. Among 18 children who went through laboratory test, however, an elevation of eosinophile and elevations of GOT and GPT were observed in 2 children and 1 child, respectively.
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PMID:[Clinical studies of cefixime granules in pediatrics]. 376 35

Fundamental and clinical studies were carried out on cefixime (CFIX) 5% granules, and the results are summarized below. Antimicrobial activity Antimicrobial activities of CFIX, cefaclor, cefroxadine, cephalexin and amoxicillin (AMPC) were studied against clinical isolates. CFIX showed greater activities than all the other antibiotics against E. coli, K. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, P. mirabilis, E. cloacae and S. marcescens, but it was slightly less active than AMPC against S. pyogenes. Absorption and excretion Serum concentrations and urinary excretions of CFIX were determined following single or repeated oral administration. In 8 patients given single dose of CFIX 1.5 or 3.0 mg/kg, mean serum concentrations were 1.27 and 1.09 micrograms/ml at 2 hours, 1.27 and 1.35 micrograms/ml at 4 hours, 0.85 and 1.10 micrograms/ml at 6 hours, 0.17 and 0.24 micrograms/ml 12 hours after administration, respectively. Mean serum half-lives were 2.54 hours for the dose of 1.5 mg/kg and 2.60 hours for 3.0 mg/kg. Urinary recovery rates in the 12-hours urine varied 6.7 to 33.6%, with an average of 13.5%. In 3 patients given a repeated dose of CFIX 3.0 or 5.6 mg/kg b.i.d., the serum concentrations were 0.23-1.01 micrograms/ml at 0 hour, 1.91-2.80 micrograms/ml at 2-4 hours and 1.13-2.07 micrograms/ml at 6-8 hours after administration. Clinical study The CFIX was given orally by mainly b.i.d. at a daily dose of 4.4-11.6 mg/kg for 4-15 days to a total of 33 patients consisting of 3 patients with pneumonia, 3 with bronchitis, 9 with tonsillitis, 15 with UTI, one each with scarlet fever, lymphadenitis and colitis. Clinical responses were excellent in 24 patients, good in 8 and fair in 1, with an effectiveness rate of 97.0%. All of the 21 bacterial isolates examined were eradicated after CFIX treatments including 3 beta-lactamase producing strains. No side effects of abnormal laboratory findings were observed in these patients.
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PMID:[Fundamental and clinical studies on cefixime (5% granules) in the pediatric field]. 376 37

Bacteriological, pharmacokinetic, and clinical studies of cefixime (CFIX), a newly developed oral cephalosporin, was conducted in our pediatric department as outlined below. Bacteriology The prevalent MICs of CFIX by microbiological species, compared with those of the reference drugs, were detailed below. Against 16 strains of S. aureus, the MICs averaged 6.25 micrograms/ml, and were found to be nearly the same as the MICs of amoxicillin (AMPC) but higher than those of cephalexin (CEX) and cefaclor (CCL). For 4 strains of S. pyogenes, the MICs averaged 0.05 microgram/ml, and were higher than the MICs of AMPC but lower than those of CEX and CCL. Mean MICs of CFIX against other clinical isolates were lower than those of CEX, CCL, or AMPC; E. coli (20 strains), 3.13 micrograms/ml; K. pneumoniae (9), 0.10 microgram/ml; P. mirabilis (16), 0.025 microgram/ml; P. vulgaris (5), 0.10 microgram/ml; H. influenzae (11), 0.05 microgram/ml; and S. typhimurium (4), 0.10 microgram/ml. The MICs of CFIX against 10 strains of P. aeruginosa were distributed at and above 25 micrograms/ml, a range much lower than greater than or equal to 100 micrograms/ml for CEX, CCL, or AMPC. Pharmacokinetics The serum concentrations and urinary recovery were studied in 3 children ranging from age 7 to 13. They were given CFIX on empty stomach in 2 different single doses of 3 and 6 mg/kg in a cross-over design. Average serum CFIX concentrations were dose-dependent, as evidenced by the respective peak concentrations of 1.70 microgram/ml for a 3 mg/kg dosage and 2.72 micrograms/ml for 6 mg/kg, which were attained 4 hours after the administration of the drug. The average half-lives of CFIX in the serum were 3.09 hours and 3.11 hours, respectively, and the 12-hour serum concentrations were 0.32 microgram/ml and 0.77 microgram/ml, respectively, for the 2 different dose levels. The average 12-hour urinary recovery was 25.2% and 22.3%, respectively. Clinical study Clinical effectiveness, bacteriological effectiveness, and side effects were studied in 27 children with infection including 4 patients with acute pharyngitis, 13 with acute purulent tonsillitis, 5 with acute pneumonia, 3 with urinary tract infection, and 1 each with acute rhinitis and acute bronchitis. One child with acute pneumonia (Mycoplasma pneumonia) was excluded from the study. The therapeutic effectiveness was "excellent" in 21, "good" in 3, "fair" in 1, and "poor" in 1, with an effectiveness rate of 92.3%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[Fundamental and clinical studies on cefixime in pediatrics]. 376 39

We have evaluated cefixime (CFIX) fine granules for pharmacokinetics and therapeutic effectiveness in children with infections. The results were summarized as follows. Pharmacokinetic parameters after the oral administration of single doses of 1.5 mg and 6.0 mg per kg body weight in a cross-over design in 1 child were as follows: The peak serum CFIX concentrations were 0.65 microgram/ml at 2 to 3 hours and 3.33 micrograms/ml at 4 hours for the low and the high doses, respectively; the respective biological half-lives were 2.4 hours and 2.5 hours, and urinary recovery was 10.3% at 8 hours and 5.2% at 12 hours, respectively. A clinical study was performed on 19 children with infections, including 7 with bronchitis; 3 each with tonsillitis, UTI, and cervical lymphadenitis; and 1 each with pharyngitis, retroauricular lymphadenitis, and enteritis. Doses ranging from 1.8 to 7.8 mg/kg body weight were given b.i.d. or t.i.d. The period of treatment ranged from 3 to 13 days. The therapeutic response was considered "excellent" in 15 and "good" in 4, with an effectiveness rate of 100%. No side effects were observed. The only abnormal laboratory findings was a slight elevation of GOT and GTP recorded in 1 child. It was concluded that CFIX was a promising drug for the treatment of bacterial infections in children.
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PMID:[Fundamental and clinical studies on cefixime in pediatrics]. 376 44

Pharmacokinetics and clinical effects of cefixime (CFIX), a new oral cephalosporin antibiotic, in pediatric field were investigated. The result obtained were summarized as follows. CFIX (5% granules) was given to each of 5 children twice in a single dose of 1.5 or 3.0 mg/kg in a cross-over trial. The mean peak serum concentration of CFIX was 0.64 micrograms/ml at 4 hours after given the dose of 1.5 mg/kg and 1.15 micrograms/ml at 4 hours after the dose of 3.0 mg/kg. The mean half-life and the mean AUC values were 2.72 hours and 4.10 micrograms X hr/ml, respectively after the dose of 1.5 mg/kg, and 2.77 hours and 8.26 micrograms X hr/ml after the dose of 3.0 mg/kg. The urinary recovery was investigated in 5 children after the dose of CFIX of 1.5 mg/kg and in 4 children after the dose of 3.0 mg/kg. The mean peak urinary concentrations of CFIX and the mean 12-hour urinary recovery rates were 10.6-67.9 micrograms/ml at 2-10 hours and 15.7% after the dose of 1.5 mg/kg, and were and were 6.16-230 micrograms/ml at 2-8 hours and 18.9% after the dose of 3.0 mg/kg, respectively. CFIX was given to 6 children twice in a single dose of 50 mg either in the form of 5% granules or in capsules in a cross-over trial. The mean peak serum concentrations, half-life and AUC values were 1.26 micrograms/ml at 4 hours, 3.09 hours and 9.63 micrograms X hr/ml, respectively after the dose of 50 mg CFIX in 5% granules, and were 1.16 micrograms/ml at 4 hours, 2.87 hours, and 7.82 micrograms X hr/ml, respectively after the dose of 50 mg in capsules. The urinary recovery was investigated in 5 children. The mean peak urinary concentrations and the mean 12-hour urinary recovery rates were 19.1-114 micrograms/ml at 4-10 hours and 15.7%, respectively after the dose of 50 mg in 5% granules, and were 8.16-89.0 micrograms/ml at 4-10 hours and 11.3%, respectively after the dose of 50 mg in capsules. Clinical efficacy of CFIX was investigated in a total of 26 children including 2 with tonsillitis, 2 with acute bronchitis, 2 with scarlet fever and 20 with urinary tract infection. Each of children were given orally a dose of 2.6 mg/kg CFIX 2-3 times a day for 11 days in average.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[Pharmacokinetics and clinical effects of cefixime in pediatrics]. 376 46

Fundamental and clinical studies on BRL 25000 granules were carried out in the pediatric field. BRL 25000 is a formulation comprising 1 part of clavulanic acid (CVA) and 2 parts of amoxicillin (AMPC). The MICs of BRL 25000 and AMPC were assessed against 24 clinically isolated strains of S. aureus (including 23 beta-lactamase producing strains), 22 S. pyogenes, 20 E. coli (8 beta-lactamase producing strains), 24 K. pneumoniae (24 beta-lactamase producing strains), 20 H. influenzae (6 beta-lactamase producing strains). BRL 25000 showed MIC80 (cumulatively 80% of strains were inhibited) at 6.25 micrograms/ml against S. aureus, less than or equal to 0.10 micrograms/ml against inst S. pyogenes, 12.5 micrograms/ml against E. coli, 6.25 micrograms/ml against K. pneumoniae and 0.39 micrograms/ml against H. influenzae. BRL 25000 showed no improvement in MIC terms against beta-lactamase nonproducing strains compared with AMPC. However, BRL 25000 was markedly more effective against beta-lactamase producing strains. Thus BRL 25000 was up to 8 fold more active against S. aureus, 2 to 64 fold against E. coli, 4 to 128 fold against K. pneumoniae, 4 to 16 fold against H. influenzae than AMPC. Following oral administration of BRL 25000 granules (at a dose level of 12.5 mg/kg) to 2 children aged 9 and 11 years, the mean peak serum concentrations of AMPC and CVA were 8.33 +/- 2.43 micrograms/ml and 4.44 +/- 1.65 micrograms/ml respectively 1 hour after dosing. The half-lives of AMPC and CVA were 1.35 +/- 0.42 hours and 0.91 +/- 0.05 hour, respectively. The urinary excretion was 48.21 +/- 3.83% for AMPC and 16.90 +/- 7.06% for CVA in the first 6 hours after administration. In clinical studies, 23 pediatric patients aged 2 months to 12 years with bacterial infections were treated with BRL 25000 granules and the clinical effectiveness, bacteriological response and side effects were evaluated. The clinical response was assessed in 23 cases, 3 with acute rhinitis, 6 with acute purulent tonsillitis, 5 with acute bronchitis, 4 with acute pneumonia, 3 with impetigo, 1 with furunculosis and 1 with periproctal abscess. Results were excellent in 13 cases, good in 7, fair in 3 and hence the efficacy rate (excellent and good cases) was 87.0% (20/23). In particular the clinical response in 9 cases with infections due to beta-lactamase producing organisms was excellent in 6, good in 2, fair in 1 and the efficacy rate was 88.9% (8/9).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[Experimental and clinical studies on BRL 25000 (clavulanic acid-amoxicillin) in the pediatric field]. 384 22

Aspoxicillin (ASPC), a new penicillin for injection, was evaluated for its efficacy and safety in 29 children with bacterial infection (Table 1), and the following results were obtained. MICs of ASPC to 26 strains of isolated organisms are shown in Table 2. MICs to 4 out of 13 strains of H. influenzae were higher than 6.25 micrograms/ml. MICs to 5 strains of S. pneumoniae were lower than 0.78 microgram/ml and 1 out of 3 strains of S. aureus and 1 strain of E. coli showed higher MICs than 100 micrograms/ml. ASPC was administered in 3 or 4 divided doses at a daily dosage ranging from 21 to 98 mg/kg by 30 minutes drip infusion or intravenous injection to 29 patients (16 cases of pneumonia, 8 cases of tonsillitis, 3 cases of bronchitis, 1 case of urinary tract infection, 1 case of impetigo) and the following clinical results were obtained: excellent; 11 cases, good; 11 cases, fair; 3 cases, poor; 1 case. The overall efficacy rate was 85% (Table 3, 4). No clinical side-effects were observed in any of the patients. Leukopenia was noted in 1 case. Slight elevation of GOT and GPT was noted in 2 cases, and minimal elevation of GOT was observed in other 2 cases (Table 5). These data suggest that ASPC is an useful new antibiotic in the treatment of children with susceptible bacterial infection and may be used as the first choice antibiotic for the treatment of respiratory tract infection in children.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of aspoxicillin in children]. 385 58

Fundamental and clinical studies of aspoxicillin (ASPC, TA-058), a new penicillin antibiotic, were performed in pediatric field. Antimicrobial activity MIC of ASPC was compared with that of piperacillin (PIPC), ampicillin (ABPC) and carbenicillin (CBPC) for clinical isolates of S. aureus (24 strains), S. pyogenes (22 strains), H. influenzae (18 strains), E. coli (21 strains) and K. pneumoniae (23 strains). MIC of ASPC against S. pyogenes was distributed in less than 0.39 microgram/ml and this numerical value of MIC was very superior. MIC distributions of ASPC against S. aureus, H. influenzae and E. coli had 2 peaks respectively. It was presumed that the results are due to an existence of beta-lactamase producing strains. The sensitive strains in those were distributed in less than 1.56-12.5, less than or equal to 0.10 and 0.78-3.13 micrograms/ml, respectively, and those numerical value of MIC was superior. While against K. pneumoniae, all strains were distributed in more than 12.5 micrograms/ml and the antimicrobial activity of ASPC was very inferior. ASPC was as active as PIPC and ABPC against S. pyogenes, but more active then CBPC, ASPC was less active against S. aureus than PIPC and ABPC, but more active than CBPC. And ASPC was less active against H. influenzae and E. coli than PIPC, but more active than ABPC and CBPC. Against K. pneumoniae, strains that showed somewhat low numerical value of MIC at only PIPC were observed, but antimicrobial activities of ABPC and CBPC, as well as ASPC were very inferior. Absorption and excretion Serum level and urinary excretion of ASPC in 6 pediatric patients of 4 months to 12 years of age after one shot intravenous injection of 20 mg/kg were examined. The serum mean levels were 51.7 micrograms/ml at 1/4 hour, 38.2 micrograms/ml at 1/2 hour, 22.9 micrograms/ml at 1 hour, 3.0 micrograms/ml at 4 hours and 1.0 microgram/ml at 6 hours after injection, respectively. The mean half-life of serum level was 1.03 hours. The mean urinary levels were 4,646 micrograms/ml for 0-2 hours, 1,773 micrograms/ml for 2-4 hours and 299 micrograms/ml for 4-6 hours. The mean urinary recovery rate within 6 hours after injection was 64.7%. Clinical studies In order to evaluate clinical response, bacteriological response and side effects, ASPC was applied to 28 cases, i.e., 5 cases of acute purulent tonsillitis, 2 cases of acute purulent otitis media, 2 cases of acute bronchitis and 19 cases of acute pneumonia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[Fundamental and clinical studies on aspoxicillin in the pediatric field]. 385 60


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