Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0040425 (tonsillitis)
 1,594 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An open comparative study was carried out in 56 paediatric patients with acute upper and lower respiratory tract infections to assess the efficacy and tolerance of treatment with erythromycin, amoxicillin or co-trimoxazole. Patients were treated with the standard recommended doses for 7 to 10 days. Diagnoses included otitis, tonsillitis, pharyngitis, epiglottiditis, pertussis, scarlet fever and bronchitis and, when possible, pathogens were isolated and identified at the initial visit. The clinical findings showed that all three treatment resulted in statistically significant decreases in final mean values for temperature, pulse rate and respiration rate. Twenty of the patients with positive cultures on entry became negative by the end of treatment. No clinical side-effects, were reported with any of the treatments. Overall assessment of response and acceptability of treatment by physician and patient/parent indicated that erythromycin was at least equally as effective as the other two drugs in treating common respiratory diseases found in paediatric practice.
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PMID:Evaluation of the clinical efficacy of erythromycin, amoxicillin and co-trimoxazole in the treatment of acute respiratory tract infections in paediatric patients. 698 Jul 75

Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies on SY5555, a new oral penem antibiotics, were performed in pediatric infections and the following results were obtained. 1. Pharmacokinetics studies Pharmacokinetics of SY5555 was studied in 5 children (5y1m-10y11m) using doses of 5 mg/kg (n = 3) and 10 mg/kg (n = 2). The average peak plasma levels were 0.65 microgram/ml at 1 or 2 hours after administration of 5 mg/kg and 2.12 micrograms/ml at 1 or 2 hours after administration of 10 mg/kg, and the plasma half-lives were 0.81 and 1.08 hours, respectively. Average cumulative urinary recovery rates at 0-6 hours were 2.97 and 3.96%, respectively. 2. Clinical studies SY5555 was administered to 45 patients with various infectious diseases (2 with acute pharyngitis, 8 with acute tonsillitis, 4 with lacunar tonsillitis, 3 each with acute bronchitis, pneumonia and pertussis, 7 with scarlet fever, 3 with impetigo contagiosa, 6 with acute urinary tract infections, 2 with balanoposthitis and 1 each with cervical lymphadenitis, S.S.S.S., vulvitis and acute colitis) at daily doses between 3.4-10 mg/kg, t.i.d., for 3-14 days. Clinical responses were excellent in 27 patients, good in 15 patients, fair in 1 patient, and poor in 2 patients, and the efficacy rate was 93.3%. Causative organisms were examined and 39 strains of 11 species were identified. The eradication rate was 78.9%. Side effects were observed in 1 patient with diarrhea. An abnormal laboratory test value was observed in 1 patient with elevation of eosinophils. The above results suggest that SY5555 may be a very useful and safe drug for the treatment of pediatric infection.
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PMID:[Clinical studies on SY5555 in pediatric infections]. 769 45

Bacteriological, pharmacokinetic and clinical studies on SY5555 dry syrup (powder which is dissolved before use), a new penem antibiotic for oral use, were performed. The following results were obtained. 1. Antibacterial activities. MICs of SY5555, clavulanic acid/amoxicillin (CVA/AMPC), cefotiam (CTM), cefpodoxime (CPDX), cefaclor (CCL) and cefdinir (CFDN) were determined against clinically isolated Staphylococcus aureus, coagulase negative staphylococci, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Escherichia coli and Enterobacter cloacae at a dose of 10(6) CFU/ml. MICs of SY5555 against S. aureus, CNS, S. pneumoniae, S. pyogenes, H. influenzae, M. catarrhalis, E. coli and E. cloacae were 0.2, 0.2, 0.2, < or = 0.025, 0.78, 0.2, 0.78 and 3.13 micrograms/ml, respectively, showing excellent antibacterial effects on these pathogens. Although the effects of SY 5555 against H. influenzae and E. coli were slightly inferior to those of CPDX and CFDN, the drug showed the most excellent antibacterial effect on other strains as compared with the control drugs. 2. Absorption and excretion In this study, plasma concentrations and urinary recovery rates were examined after administration of SY5555 at doses of 5 and 10 mg/kg (potency) after meals. With both 5 and 10 mg/kg doses, peak plasma concentrations were reached 1 hour after administration, at 0.25-2.61 micrograms/ml (mean 1.47 micrograms/ml) and 1.08-2.17 micrograms/ml (mean 1.74 micrograms/ml), respectively. The plasma levels rapidly decreased to 0.06-0.19 micrograms/ml (0.12 micrograms/ml) and 0.0503-0.0637 micrograms/ml) after 6 hours. The half-lives 1.12 hours in the 5 mg/kg group and 1.0 hour in the 10 mg/kg group. The urinary recovery rates were determined in the first 8 hours after administration in the 5 mg/kg and 6 hours in the 10 mg/kg group, and the values were as low as 1.05-12.3% and 1.6-4.33%, respectively. 3. Clinical results The clinical responses were examined in a total of 73 cases including 4 acute pneumonia, 13 acute bronchitis, 11 tonsillitis, 3 pharyngitis, 12 scarlet fever, 2 pertussis, 6 urinary tract infection, 6 otitis media, 7 lymphadenitis, 2 staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome, 2 phlegmon, 4 impetigo and 1 purulent parotitis. The treatment was effective or better in 66 of 70 cases with an efficacy rate of 94.3% (3 undeterminable cases were excluded). Bacteriological effects were examined during the clinical course for detected or suspected pathogens found before administration of SY5555. The effects were determined in 50 cases including 7 cases of polymicrobacterial infections, 57 strains in total. Eight strains, however, persisted, hence the overall eradication rate was 86.0%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[Bacteriological, pharmacokinetic and clinical studies of SY5555 dry syrup in the pediatric field]. 769 46

1. SY5555 dry syrup (powder which is dissolved before use) was administered to 25 patients with bacterial infections (6 cases of bronchitis, 2 cases of bronchopneumonia, 1 case of pertussis, 3 cases of scarlet fever, 5 cases of tonsillitis, 3 cases of urinary tract infections, 2 cases of staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome, 1 case of impetigo, 2 cases of purulent lymphadenitis). 2. Clinical efficacies were excellent in 11 patients and good in 13, poor in 1 with an efficacy rate of 96.0%. As pathogenic organisms, 15 strains were identified and 14 of them were eradicated with eradication rate of 93.3%. 3. No side effects were observed. As for abnormal laboratory test results increase in eosinophiles in 2 cases, decrease in filamented neutrophiles in 1 case, elevation of GOT and GTP in 1 case and elevation of GPT and gamma-GTP were observed. 4. There was no rejection incidence of the drug during the therapy. From the above results, we consider SY5555 in dry syrup form to be a useful and safe drug in the treatment of various bacterial infections in pediatric patients.
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PMID:[A clinical evaluation of SY5555 in the treatment of pediatric infections]. 774 11

Eight years after the first study published in this Journal (1985, 7: 533), we compared antibiotic treatment of respiratory infections at the Pediatric Emergency Department of the Children's Hospital in Trieste. All patients with pneumonia and pertussis received antibiotics, compared to 87% of otitis, 55% of pharyngo-tonsillitis, 4% of upper respiratory infections (U.R.I.); neither asthma nor laryngitis were treated with antibiotics. In particular, only 13% of otitis were treated by symptomatics, the others with amoxicillin (51%), amoxicillin + clavulanic acid (18%), cefaclor (12%), trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole (5%), josamycin (1%). 45% of pharyngo-tonsillitis was treated with symptomatics, 32% with macrolides and 10% with penicillin; rarer treatment comprehended amoxicillin, amoxicillin + clavulanic acid (10%) and cefaclor (3%). Pneumonia was treated with amoxicillin or cefaclor (30% both), with amoxicillin + clavulanic acid (10%) or with macrolides (30%), the last in provision of mycoplasmal etiology. Antibiotic treatment of U.R.I. is progressively decreased from 79% in 1974 to 13% in 1983 and to 4% in 1991. Antibiotic treatment in our Department was appropriate in the majority of patients, with almost all bacterial form treated with first choice, cheaper antibiotic. A negative, limited trend was detected for pharyngo-tonsillitis: first choice antibiotics passed from 82% in 1983 to 76% in 1991. Another positive factor is due to the homogeneous manners of the doctors working at the Emergency Department, belonging to two different teams (Emergency and Clinical Departments), probably with the use of common clinical protocols.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[The antibiotic treatment of respiratory infections in a pediatric emergency room]. 807 88

1. S-1108 granules were administered to 22 children with bacterial infections (8 cases of bronchitis, 1 case of pneumonia, 3 cases of scarlet fever, 2 cases each of tonsillitis, pharyngitis, pertussis, purulent lymphadenitis and impetigo). 2. Clinical efficacies were excellent in 12 patients and good in 7, fair in 1, poor in 1 and unevaluable in 1 with an efficacy rate of 90.5%. 3. Neither side effects nor abnormal laboratory test values were observed. 4. There was no rejection of the drug during the therapy. From the above results, we consider S-1108 in granular form to be a useful and safe drug in the treatment of various bacterial infection in pediatric patients.
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PMID:[A clinical evaluation of S-1108 in the treatment of pediatric infections]. 810 72

S-1108 in a fine granular form was administered in 14 children and its safety and efficacy in bacterial infections were evaluated. Among them, 2 cases of cystitis and 1 case of pneumonia were considered unevaluable for the efficacy. The results obtained are summarized as follows. 1. The overall clinical efficacy rate was 81.8% in the eleven evaluable cases treated with S-1108 fine granules including 5 cases of pharyngitis, 2 cases each of tonsillitis, pertussis and cystitis. 2. Bacteriological efficacy of 100% was achieved against pathogens identified in 5 children including 1 case each of Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes and Haemophilus influenzae and 2 cases of Escherichia coli. 3. The only abnormal laboratory test results observed were eosinophilia and leukocytopenia in one case each. Diarrhea was recorded in 1 case. Judging from the above results, it appears that S-1108 in the fine granular form is an effective, useful and safe antibiotic of first choice for the treatment of infections in the pediatric field.
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PMID:[Clinical study of S-1108 fine granule in the pediatric field]. 810 74

Bacteriological, pharmacokinetic and clinical studies on cefditoren pivoxil (CDTR-PI, ME 1207) in granules, a new oral cephalosporin, were performed in the field of pediatrics. The results are summarized below. 1. Antibacterial activities: Antibacterial activities of CDTR were studied against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Haemophilus influenzae, Haemophilus parainfluenzae and Branhamella catarrhalis in comparison with those of cefteram (CFTM), cefixime (CFIX), cefaclor (CCL), cefpodoxime (CPDX) and cefotiam (CTM). MIC80's of CDTR against S. aureus, S. pneumoniae, S. pyogenes, H. influenzae, H. parainfluenzae and B. catarrhalis were 1.56, 0.39, < or = 0.025, < or = 0.025, 0.05 and 0.20 micrograms/ml, respectively. These results showed that CDTR has high antibacterial activities against these organisms. 2. Absorption and excretion: Serum concentrations and urinary recovery rates of CDTR-PI (administered in granules) were determined. Upon single oral doses of 3 mg/kg and 6 mg/kg, the peak serum concentrations were 0.5-2.45 micrograms/ml at 2 to 4 hours and 1.79-4.05 micrograms/ml at 1 to 4 hours, respectively, and T 1/2 was 1.07-9.67 hours and 0.99-3.00 hours, respectively. At 8 hours after dosing, serum concentrations were 0-0.87 micrograms/ml with a dose of 3 mg/kg and 0.27-0.73 micrograms/ml with 6 mg/kg. These values indicated that the drug has a dose-dependent pharmacokinetic behavior. Urinary recovery rates in the first 8 hours were 12.9-34.2% with a dose of 3 mg/kg and 11.8-26.9% with 6 mg/kg. 3. Clinical study: Clinical efficacies were examined in a total of 81 cases consisting of 20 cases of acute bronchitis, 13 of acute pneumonia, 21 of tonsillitis, 5 of pharyngitis, 7 of scarlet fever, 2 each of impetigo, otitis media and purulent cervical lymphadenitis, 1 of pertussis and 8 of UTI. The clinical efficacy rate was 97.5% (79/81), and bacteriological eradication rate was 100% (76/76). As for side effects, 2 cases of watery stools and 1 case of minor elevation of GPT were observed.
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PMID:[Bacteriological, pharmacokinetic and clinical studies of cefditoren pivoxil in the pediatric field]. 837 96

Azithromycin (AZM), a new macrolide antibiotic, in fine granules and in capsules was studied for pharmacokinetic and clinical evaluation in the pediatric patients. Antibacterial activity of AZM against 43 clinical isolates: AZM exhibited slightly lower activity against Gram-positive bacteria and 2-8-fold higher activity against Gram-negative bacteria than erythromycin or clarithromycin. Plasma or urine samples were collected from eight patients receiving the drug in fine granular form, and two patients receiving it in capsules for the determination of drug levels. The elimination half-lives of AZM after administration at dose of 10 mg/kg/day for 3 days were 50.0 and 51.2 hours for fine granules, and 41.5 hours for capsules. AUC0-infinity was 11.7 and 24.3 micrograms.hr/ml for fine granules, and 8.3 micrograms.hr/ml for capsules. The cumulative excretion rates up to 120 hours after the start of treatment were 8.24 and 13.84% for fine granules, and 3.83% for capsules. AZM was administered to 123 patients once daily at 3.7-20.0 mg/kg body weight over 3 to 5 days with reference to the standard dose of 10 mg/kg. The drug was used to treat patients with pharyngitis, tonsillitis, scarlet fever, pneumonia, mycoplasmal pneumonia, chlamydial pneumonia, otitis media, pertussis, intestinal infection, and SSTI. The effectiveness of AZM was evaluated in 109 cases. The drug was rated "excellent" in 65.1% of the patients and "good" in 29.4%, resulting in an efficacy rate of 94.5%. Furthermore, AZM eradicated 43 of 46 (93.5%) bacteria that had been identified before the treatment. Three patients complained of side effects of urticaria (1 case) and diarrhea (2 cases). Abnormal laboratory changes were reported as follows: decreased leukocyte (3 cases), increased eosinophil (5), increased platelet (2), increased eosinophil and platelet, elevated GPT (1), and elevated GOT and GPT (1). The abnormalities, however, were mild enough to raise no clinically significant problems. In conclusion, AZM in once daily regimen was effective and safe in treatment of pediatric infections.
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PMID:[Bacteriological, pharmacokinetic and clinical evaluation of azithromycin in the pediatric field]. 898 53

Fine granules or capsules of azithromycin (AZM) were given to 32 pediatric patients for the treatment of the following diseases: pharyngitis in three cases; tonsillitis in one; bronchitis in six; pneumonia in six; mycoplasmal pneumonia in 14; pertussis and enteritis in one, each. Effectiveness of AZM was evaluated in 30 cases and the drug was rated "excellent" in 18 patients, "good" in 11 and "fair" in one, resulting in a total efficacy rate of 96.7%. Three strains of bacteria were isolated from 3 patients as the causative organisms including: Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and Haemophilus parainfluenzae, from three different patients, respectively. One patient complained of mild diarrhea, another patient mild urticaria. Abnormal laboratory test results were reported as follows: one patient showed a slight decrease in leukocyte count, three patients showed slight increases in eosinophils, and one patient had slight elevations in GOT and GPT. The above results suggest that AZM is a useful antibiotic drug in the treatment of pediatric patients with various bacterial infections.
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PMID:[Clinical studies on azithromycin in pediatrics]. 898 57


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