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Query: UMLS:C0040425 (tonsillitis)
 1,594 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Over a period of 9 years in general practice temporary enlargement of the spleen was found in 29 episodes of pharyngitis or tonsillitis, in 2 episodes of acute upper respiratory tract infection other than pharyngitis and in 6 episodes of acute cervical lymphadenitis. In five patients more than one episode of illness associated with splenomegaly was recorded. In 26 of the 37 episodes a possible aetiology was identified. Evidence only of infection with group A streptococci was found in 14 episodes, adenoviruses or coxsackie B viruses were isolated alone in 4 episodes and in 4 episodes the only finding was the presence in the blood of more than occasional atypical mononuclear cells; in 4 episodes there was evidence of both streptococcal and viral infection. Episodes with evidence of streptococcal infection only tended to be of shorter duration and to be more evenly distributed over the year than were episodes without such evidence. Temporary splenomegaly was noted also in two children with varicella (one of whom also had streptococcal infection) and in an adult with probable rubella.
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PMID:Splenomegaly in acute infections due to group A streptococci and viruses. 139 11

Respiratory tract pathogens (beta-haemolytic streptococci groups A, C and G, Haemophilus influenzae, Branhamella catarrhalis or pneumococci), were isolated from nasopharyngeal and/or throat swabs in 73/138 (53%) patients greater than 10 years of age with a clinical diagnosis of acute sinusitis, acute tonsillitis, purulent nasopharyngitis or acute bronchitis. Serological evidence of a viral infection (influenza A and B, parainfluenza 1, 2 and 3, respiratory syncytial virus, adenovirus) or Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection was found in 10% of the patients. The serum content of C-reactive protein (S-CRP) was increased (greater than 12 mg/l) in 26/33 (79%) patients with streptococci and in 22/59 (37%) patients without respiratory tract bacteria. In patients with a serological evidence of a virus tonsillitis, the S-CRP was also high (32-64 mg/l). At follow-up 10-12 days after the first visit, the clinical effect of erythromycin and penicillin V was judged to be similar (90% clinical effect). Relapse or re-infection with group A streptococci were seen in 7 patients (4 on erythromycin, 3 on penicillin). In another 6 patients (3 on erythromycin, 3 on penicillin), antibiotic treatment was switched owing to persisting symptoms, probably due to H. Influenzae infection in 3 cases. The patients' own estimates of their symptoms suggested treatment with erythromycin to have a more rapid effect than treatment with penicillin.
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PMID:Erythromycin and phenoxymethylpenicillin (penicillin V) in the treatment of respiratory tract infections as related to microbiological findings and serum C-reactive protein. 190 52

Tonsillitis is the most common disease in the otorhinolaryngeal location. For most patients, tonsillitis is attributed to a group A streptococcal infection if the throat culture is positive for that organism or to a viral infection if the throat culture is negative. However, recent studies have shown that Chlamydia trachomatis can produce tonsillar infection. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of Rokitamycin, a 16-membered ring macrolide antibiotic agent, in the treatment of tonsillitis associated with C. trachomatis. In 26 of 28 (92.9%) patients from whom C. trachomatis was isolated, the organism was eradicated by antimicrobial treatment with Rokitamycin of five days to three weeks' duration. In 25 of the 26 patients, they were totally free of tonsillar symptoms.
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PMID:[Tonsillitis associated with Chlamydia trachomatis and antimicrobial therapy with rokitamycin]. 207 71

A 20-year-old female patient is described who contracted syphilis in a rape attempt. She consulted a dermatovenereologist twice but the disease was not diagnosed, for despite the fact that the patient had hard chancre fragments on the posterior adhesion of the vagina, polyscleradenitis, abundant roseolar eruption on the trunk skin, horny palmar and plantar papular efflorescence, erythematous syphilitic tonsillitis, she was not examined nor serological tests were carried out. The condition was diagnosed as callosity and acute respiratory viral disease, antihistaminic and antibiotic drugs were prescribed. The condition was diagnosed only in a month after the first visit to a doctor.
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PMID:[Undiagnosed early secondary syphilis with horny palmar and plantar papules]. 227 4

A prospective 1-year study of acute febrile exudative tonsillitis in 110 children was carried out. Viral infection was associated with 42% of the cases, beta-hemolytic streptococci with 31% (12% group A), Mycoplasma pneumoniae with 5%, and unknown cause with 35%. More than one agent was implicated in 14% of the cases. Adenovirus was the viral agent most frequently (19%) recorded. Other viruses involved were Epstein-Barr virus, parainfluenza, influenza A, herpes simplex, and respiratory syncytial viruses. The responsible agent was found by rapid viral antigen detection in 20% of all cases and by rapid test for group A streptococcal antigen detection in 10%. Age was the most important factor in predicting the causative agent. Viral tonsillitis was most common in children younger than 3 years of age and group A beta-hemolytic streptococci tonsillitis in children 6 years of age or more. Clinical analysis of the illness, WBC count, and ESR did not reveal differences that could help in differentiating bacterial from viral tonsillitis. All patients were treated with a regimen of oral penicillin. Fever associated with group A beta-hemolytic streptococci tonsillitis responded to penicillin therapy significantly more rapidly than fever associated with viral infections. These observations demonstrate the prominent role of viruses in the etiology of febrile exudative tonsillitis, especially in young children, and reinforce the benefit of rapid tests before antibiotic therapy is started.
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PMID:Febrile exudative tonsillitis: viral or streptococcal? 360 20

Infectious pneumonias are inflammations of the lung that can be localized in the alveoli or interstitial tissue or both. The pathogenic agent is usually airborne; more rarely it is hematogenous. Important distinctions are between bacterial and nonbacterial forms, between diseases acquired outside and inside hospitals, and between patients who are basically healthy and those with a previous illness. Pneumococci continue to be the dominant pathogens outside hospitals. In hospitals, gram-negative, anaerobic, and fungal pathogens are more often found. Usually, purulent chronic bronchitis or an acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis is based on a prior viral infection or an impairment of bacterial clearance mechanisms of the respiratory tract. The dominant pathogens are Haemophilus influenzae and pneumococci. Worldwide, viral infections of the upper respiratory tract have great epidemiological significance. With 12 different groups of viruses and more than 150 serotypes, there can be many causes of symptoms of rhinitis, tonsillitis, pharyngitis, laryngitis, and tracheitis as well as bronchitis.
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PMID:Respiratory infection: the disease. 407 65

Adenovirus antigen was detected by radioimmunoassay in the nasopharyngeal specimens of 30 of 74 children with febrile exudative tonsillitis. In the other 44 children, the cause of tonsillitis was identified in 16 (beta-hemolytic streptococci or Epstein-Barr, parainfluenza, or herpes simplex viruses). The clinical picture of adenoviral tonsillitis was difficult to differentiate from that of streptococcal disease; 20 of the patients had originally been given antibiotics. In 68% of patients without complications, the serum concentration of C-reactive protein was less than 20 mg/L, suggesting a viral disease. No other hematologic test was found helpful in identifying the adenoviral tonsillitis. The rapid detection of adenovirus antigen permitted withdrawal of unnecessary and ineffective antibiotic treatment in most patients.
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PMID:Rapid diagnosis of adenoviral tonsillitis: a prospective clinical study. 632 57

A study of tonsillitis in paediatric outpatients was carried out. In this group the aetiology is multifactorial and is clearly associated with sinusitis and nasal allergy. No features of the history or examination were reliable in differentiating between bacterial and viral infection. Lancefield Group A beta-haemolytic streptococci were isolated from the throat swabs of one-third of the patients, bacteria being isolated from half of the cases altogether. The use of an antibiotic before the results of throat swab culture are available appears to be justified. It is suggested that sinusitis and nasal allergy be excluded before tonsillectomy is considered.
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PMID:Tonsillitis in the paediatric outpatient. 669 73

Infection with influenza A (H5N1) virus, which has not been associated with respiratory disease in humans previously, caused clinical signs of acute respiratory distress syndrome and multiple-organ dysfunction syndrome with high mortality in humans in Hong Kong in 1997. To study the pathogenesis of this disease, we infected four cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) with 2.5 x 104 median tissue culture infectious dose (TCID50) of influenza virus A/Hong Kong/156/97 (H5N1) and euthanatized them 4 or 7 days after infection. The main lesion was a necrotizing broncho-interstitial pneumonia (4/4) similar to those found in primary influenza virus pneumonia in humans, with desquamation of respiratory epithelium (4/4), intra-alveolar hemorrhage (4/4), hyaline membrane formation (2/4), and infiltration with neutrophils and macrophages (4/4). Lesions in other organs consisted of a suppurative tonsillitis (2/4) and necrosis in lymphoid organs (1/4), kidney (1/4), and liver (1/4). By immunohistochemistry, influenza virus antigen was limited to pulmonary tissue (4/4) and tonsils (2/4). Based on these results, we suggest that the cynomolgus monkey is a suitable animal model for studying the pathogenesis of human H5N1 virus infection and that multiple-organ dysfunction syndrome in this disease may be caused by diffuse alveolar damage from virus replication in the lungs alone.
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PMID:Pathology of human influenza A (H5N1) virus infection in cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis). 1272 72

151 children aged 6-14 years received sanatorium treatment in Gelenzhik. The children were examined clinically before and after the treatment with estimation of nonspecific adaptation of the organism (NSAO) by L. Kh. Garkavi et al (1990) and adrenoreactivity by beta-adrenoreception of erythrocytes (b-ARE) using ARM-AGAT kits (Agat-Med., Moscow). The highest percent of favourable NSAO was seen in children with initially high adrenoreactivity. In children with subnormal adrenoreactivity it was 3-7 times less. Sanatorium treatment reduced b-ARE and improved NSAO in most of the children. In children with initially high adrenoreactivity (b-ARE 4-12 r.u.) who had had acute respiratory viral infection or tonsillitis, unfavourable NSAO number was higher. The trends in b-ARE and NSAO suggest the necessity of these indices evaluation for individual choice of sanatorium treatment and monitoring of its efficiency.
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PMID:[New principles in the assessment of body functional status during sanatorium treatment]. 1515 51


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