Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0040425 (tonsillitis)
 1,594 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Clinical studies on ceftriaxone (Ro 13-9904, CTRX) were carried out and the results were as follows: Twelve patients (acute purulent tonsillitis 1, pneumonia 6, urinary tract infection 5) were treated with CTRX, in doses of 21-48 mg/kg divided 2 times per day for 3.5-8 days intravenously. The overall efficacy rate was 100%. No adverse reactions were observed. No abnormal laboratory data were noted.
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PMID:[Clinical studies on ceftriaxone in the pediatric field]. 609 96

Sulbactam/cefoperazone (SBT/CPZ) was evaluated in the treatment of pediatric patients to have the following results: Peak serum concentrations which occurred just after the drip infusion of 20 mg/kg SBT/CPZ were 36.4 micrograms/ml and 8.6 micrograms/ml for CPZ and SBT, respectively. The half-life of CPZ was 1.91 hours, and that of SBT, 0.97 hour. Following the 40 mg/kg drip infusion, the peak serum concentration of CPZ was 79.1 micrograms/ml, and that of SBT, 27.0 micrograms/ml. The half-lives were 1.99 hours for CPZ, and 1.07 hours for SBT, respectively. In 6 hours after drip infusion of 20 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg 21.7, 37.0% of CPZ and 41.6, 85.6% of SBT were excreted in urine. Daily doses of about 50-90 mg/kg SBT/CPZ were administered by intravenous or drip infusion to 26 pediatric patients with acute infections such as lacunar tonsillitis, bronchitis, bronchopneumonia, suppurative diseases caused by Staphylococcus (staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome), purulent parotitis, cervical lymphadenitis, phlegmon and acute UTI related with ABPC/CPZ resistant beta lactamase producing E. coli. SBT/CPZ demonstrated the bacteriological effect on all the causative organisms. The clinical efficacy was also confirmed with the efficacy rate of 88.5%. No side effects were observed in all the cases though transient eosinophilia developed in 2 patients.
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PMID:[Fundamental and clinical studies of sulbactam/cefoperazone in the field of pediatrics]. 609 10

Clinical trial of cefotiam was made in children and the following results were obtained. 1. Pharmacodynamic studies of the drug in CSF of experimental staphylococcal meningitis in rabbits showed a CSF/serum ratio of T 1/2 of 3.52, which was relatively high, but a percentage of CSF/serum ratio of AUC of only 3.42% up to 3 hours, suggesting a low efficiency of passage of the drug into CSF. 2. Blood concentrations of the drug were determined in children after an intravenous bolus injection of 20 mg/kg and were 46 mcg/ml (15 min.) and 26 mcg/ml (30 min.), T 1/2 being 40.8 min., Urinary recovery rate was 91.3% up to 4 hours in one patient and 61.9% up to 6 hours in another, respectively. 3. Thirteen patients with the following 14 episodes of infections were treated with cefotiam; urinary tract infection (5 cases), pneumonia (5), empyema (1), tonsillitis (1) and suspected sepsis (2). An overall efficacy rate was 100%, i. e., excellent in 12, good in 2 and no failure. No adverse reactions were clinically discernible and only laboratory abnormalities were transient or slight elevations of transaminase levels in 2 patients. 4. Based on the above results, it was concluded that cefotiam is a potent new antibiotic in the treatment of bacterial infections. Spectrum and antibacterial activity of the drug suggest that the drug particularly indicated for pneumonia.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of cefotiam in children (author's transl)]. 627 Apr 21

Pharmacokinetics and clinical effects of ceftizoxime (CZX), a new cephalosporin antibiotic, were investigated and following results were obtained. 1) Ceftizoxime was given by intravenous injection or drip infusion for 1 hour at a single dose of 30 mg/kg. After intravenous injection, the mean peak serum level of 3 children was 95.9 mcg/ml at 15 minutes and half-life time was 1.18 hours. After 1 hour drip infusion, the mean peak serum level of 3 children was 79.5 mcg/ml at the end of infusion and half-life time was 1.20 hours. The urinary level was high and the mean urinary recovery rate was 69.6% and 63.4% up to 6 hours after intravenous injection and 1 hour drip infusion, respectively. 2) CZX was administered in dose of 39--76 mg/kg to 7 pediatric patients (4 cases of purulent meningitis, 2 of septicemia with purulent meningitis, and 1 of aseptic meningitis) by a single intravenous injection. In patients with purulent meningitis, passage into the cerebrospinal fluid was relatively as good as 30% of serum level at the same time in the presence of remarkable signs of inflammation, but poor in cases of mild inflammation or aseptic meningitis. 3) Cerebral puncture fluid level in 1 patient with cerebral abscess was as good as 65.5% of serum level at the same time. 4) CZX was given to 28 cases of respiratory tract infection, 1 of tonsillitis with otitis media, 6 of scarlet fever, 1 each of maxillary sinusitis and bacterial endocarditis, 6 of purulent meningitis, 2 of septicemia, 5 of septicemia suspected, 2 of septicemia with purulent meningitis, 1 each of osteomyelitis, typhoid fever, peritonitis and biliary tract infection, 16 of urinary tract infection, 14 of skin and soft tissue infection, and 1 of external otitis, totaling 87 cases. The mean daily dose of 101.6 mg/kg was administered for an average of 10 days mainly by intravenous injection 4 times daily. Clinical results obtained were excellent in 34 cases, and good in 46. Bacteriological effectiveness rate was 100%. As for side effects, fever, fever with rash, fever with cough and diarrhea appeared in 1 each case out of 182 cases including 95 drop out cases. As for laboratory findings, eosinophilia, thrombocytopenia, elevation of GOT, that of GOT with GPT, and that of GOT with LDH appeared in 10, 2, 2, 3 and 1 cases, respectively.
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PMID:[Pharmacokinetics and clinical effects of ceftizoxime in pediatric field (author's transl)]. 627 4

Laboratory and clinical studies were performed as follows on ceftizoxime (CZX), a new cephalosporin antibiotic. 1. Susceptibility of clinically isolated bacteria to CZX and cefotiam (CTM) or sulbenicillin (SBPC). Antibacterial activities of CZX and CTM were compared against S. aureus, E. coli, K. pneumoniae, E. cloacae, H. influenzae and E. aerogenes; CZX was compared with SBPC against Ps. aeruginosa. CZX and CTM were nearly equal in activity against S. aureus, but CZX was found to be more active than CTM by 1--10 tubes against E. coli, K. pneumoniae, E. cloacae, H. influenzae and E. aerogenes. Against Ps. aeruginosa, CZX and SBPC were nearly equal in activity. 2. Serum concentration and urinary recovery. Serum concentrations of CZX were measured in 6 patients given CZX for prophylactic purpose during cardiac catheterization. In 2 patients given 20 mg/kg of CZX intravenously, the average serum concentration was 38.9 micrograms/ml at 30 minutes after intravenous bolus injection. In 3 patients given 10 mg/kg of CZX by intravenous drip infusion, the peak average serum concentration was 28.1 micrograms/ml at the end of infusion. Urinary recovery in 2 patients tested was 81.1% and 92.5% until 6--7 hours after intravenous bolus injection. 3. Clinical efficacy. CZX was given intravenously to 24 patients in doses of 30--111 mg/kg (57.1 mg/kg on an average) t.i.d. or q.i.d. for 3--16 days (5.5 days on an average): 1 with lacunar tonsillitis, 4 with acute bronchitis, 12 with pneumonia, 2 with enterocolitis, 2 with soft tissue infection, 2 with lymphadenitis and 1 with UTI. The overall efficacy rate was 95.8%, i.e., efficacy was excellent in 10 (41.7%), good in 13 (54.2%), and poor in 1 (4.2%). Bacteriological efficacy was excellent, i.e. 21 of the 23 strains disappeared. One patient had mild and transient diarrhea, but no other laboratory abnormalities were observed during treatment. The above results suggest that CZX is 1 of the most useful antibiotics for treating pediatric infections, especially due to Gram negative bacteria.
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PMID:[Laboratory and clinical studies of ceftizoxime in pediatrics (author's transl)]. 627 7

Pharmacokinetics of ceftizoxime (CZX), a new cephalosporin antibiotic, was investigated in 9 children with normal renal and hepatic function. In addition, the clinical effect of CZX was evaluated in 26 pediatric patients with various infections. In 4 of the 9 children with normal renal and hepatic function, intravenous bolus injection of CZX in a dose of 20 mg/kg yielded a mean peak serum level of 36.5 micrograms/ml at 1/2 hour after infusion, and mean serum levels of 12.5 micrograms/ml at 2 hours and 6.0 micrograms/ml at 4 hours after infusion. The biological half-lives of CZX were estimated to be 1.25--2.55 hours. In another child, serum levels of CZX at 1/2, 2 and 4 hours after intravenous bolus injection in a dose of 10 mg/kg were 19.60, 5.96 and 2.06 micrograms/ml, respectively. The clear difference in dose response between 20 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg reflected the doubled dose levels. In the remaining 4 children, drip infusion of CZX in a dose of 20 mg/kg (1 child 17 mg/kg) over 0.5--1.5 hours yielded peak serum levels at the end of infusion. The biological half-lives of CZX were estimated to be 0.95--1.50 hours. About 80% of CZX was excreted in the urine within 6 hours after infusion in the 4 children tested. Twenty-six pediatric patients with various infections were treated with CZX intravenous doses of 20 mg/kg to 118 mg/kg b.i.d.--q.i.d. for 3--14 days. Of the 12 patients with acute bronchitis and pneumonia, 5 showed excellent response, 6 good and 1 fair response. Of the 5 patients with urinary tract infection, 4 showed excellent response and 1 good response. One patient each with colitis, tonsillitis and facial cellulitis, pharyngitis showed excellent response and 1 patient each with purulent thyroiditis and gluteal abscess showed good response. The single patients with sepsis showed excellent response. One patient each with pyothorax, purulent arthritis and cerebral abscess showed poor response. Overall effectiveness rate was 84.6%. although 22 of all 26 patients treated had serious underlying diseases such as APL, AML. A mild increase in GOT and GPT was observed in 1 patient during treatment with CZX, and the values returned to normal after discontinuation of the drug. These results suggest that ceftizoxime is 1 of the most important antibiotics for treating a wide range of infections in children as well as in adults.
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PMID:[Pharmacokinetics and clinical evaluation of ceftizoxime (author's transl)]. 627 8

Laboratory and clinical studies were performed on cefmenoxime (CMX), a new cephalosporin antibiotic, and the following results were obtained. 1. Susceptibility of clinically isolated bacteria to CMX and cefotiam (CTM) or cefazolin (CEZ) Antimicrobial activity of CMX was compared with that of CTM and CEZ against S. aureus, S. epidermidis, S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae and E. coli. CEZ and CTM were more active than CMX against S. aureus, S. epidermidis and S. pneumoniae. But CMX was found to be more active by 1-10 tubes than CEZ and CTM against H. influenzae and E. coli. 2. Clinical efficacy. CMX was intravenously administered to 19 patients; 3 with lacunar tonsillitis, 2 with acute bronchitis, 8 with bronchopneumonia, 3 with UTI, 1 with septicemia, 1 with acute panperitonitis, 1 with S.S.S.S. at daily doses of 30-115 mg/kg (64.6 mg/kg on an average) t.i.d. or q.i.d. for 3-17 days (6.1 days on an average). The overall efficacy rate was 94.7%, i.e., efficacy was excellent in 10 cases (52.6%), good in 8 cases (42.1%), and poor in 1 case (5.3%). Bacteriological efficacy was good, i.e. 16 of the 19 strains disappeared. Transient eosinophilia was observed in 1 patient, but no other laboratory abnormality was observed during treatment. The above results suggest that CMX is 1 of the useful antibiotics in treatment of pediatric infections, especially due to Gram negative bacteria.
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PMID:[Laboratory and clinical studies of cefmenoxime in the pediatric field]. 630 38

The antimicrobial activity of cefmenoxime (CMX) against clinical isolated organisms was measured; CMX was more active than cefotiam and cefazolin against Escherichia coli and Haemophilus influenzae. The serum concentrations of CMX following intravenous injection of 20 mg/kg were 25.6, 10.3, 3.0 micrograms/ml at 30, 60, 120 minutes after injection, respectively. CMX was excreted 60.9% in urine within 6 hours after injection. CMX was administered clinically to 22 pediatric patients with various infections (respiratory tract infection 16 including 1 pyothorax, urinary tract infection 4, tonsillitis with sinusitis 2) at the dose of 39 approximately 96 mg/kg/day for 4 approximately 9 days, and the following satisfactory results were obtained; excellent in 11, good in 9, and poor in 2. The rate of satisfactory clinical response was 90.9%. Eosinophilia 2 cases, slight elevation of transaminase 3 cases, slight elevation of BUN 1 case and transient diarrhea 1 case were observed. But no other serious side effects were observed.
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PMID:[Laboratory and clinical studies of cefmenoxime in pediatric infections]. 630 97

Fundamental and clinical studies on cefotetan (CTT), a new cephamycin antibiotic, were carried out under a joint study programme in pediatric field, and the following results were obtained. Pharmacokinetic study In 20 pediatric patients with normal renal function, weighing 15 to 48 kg, CTT was injected intravenously at 20 mg/kg in 3 to 5 minutes. The mean blood concentration of CTT was 215.6 micrograms/ml at 15 minutes after the end of injection, 90.7 micrograms/ml at 1 hour, 57.2 micrograms/ml at 2 hours, 33.9 micrograms/ml at 4 hours and 10.2 micrograms/ml at 8 hours. The half-life of the drug in the beta-phase, computed from the mean blood concentrations up to 8 hours postdosing, was 2.61 hours. The peak of the mean urinary excretion of cefotetan appeared in 0 to 2 hours after the injection and 36.5% of the dose was recovered in the urine. The mean excretion at 0 to 8 hours was 68.1%. Clinical study Clinical effects of CTT was evaluated in 285 patients with 287 diseases, since 1 patient had both pneumonia and erysipelas, and another both pneumonia and acute otitis media. Daily dosage of CTT ranged from 15 to 123 mg/kg, and 266 patients (93.3%) received the drug either 2 or 3 times daily. The clinical response was seen in 83.3% of the 6 cases with sepsis, 89.3% of the 122 cases with pneumonia with or without pyothorax, 96.2% of the 52 cases with either acute bronchitis or tonsillitis, 92.5% of the 67 cases with urinary tract infection and 92.5% of the 40 cases with other infections. The causative organisms were detected in 160 patients and the rate of complete disappearance was 80.6%. Out of 310 patients, side effects were seen in 9 cases, diarrhea in 8 (2.6%) and rash in 1 (0.3%). Abnormal clinical laboratory findings were seen in 24 cases, elevation of serum transaminases in 19 (7.8%), elevation of TTT and LDH in 1 (0.4%) and eosinophilia in 4 (1.6%). None of these cases showed serious side effects or abnormal clinical laboratory findings. From the above results, it is concluded that CTT is one of the useful drug for treatment of infections in pediatric field.
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PMID:[Comprehensive evaluation of cefotetan in pediatrics]. 636 9

Ceftazidime ( CAZ ) is a newly developed cephalosporin. Clinical studies on this drug was carried out and the results were as follows. Twenty-nine patients (acute purulent tonsillitis 2, acute bronchitis 1, pneumonia 15, acute purulent lymphadenitis 2, pyoderma 1, skin abscess 2 and urinary tract infection 6) were treated with CAZ in doses of 42-1 mg/kg (mean 59 mg/kg) divided 2-3 times per day for 3-10 days (mean 5.7 days) intravenously. The overall efficacy rate was 96.6%. As to adverse reaction, drug fever was observed in 1 patient. Abnormal laboratory data were noted in 4 cases (elevation of serum GOT, GPT and BUN in 1, elevation of serum GOT and GPT in 1, elevation of BUN in 1 and leukopenia in 1).
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PMID:[Clinical studies on ceftazidime in the pediatric field]. 637 48


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