Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0040425 (tonsillitis)
 1,594 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Clinical studies were performed on cefodizime (THR-221, CDZM), a new cephem antibiotic as described below. CDZM was administered to 13 patients in dose levels ranging from 55 to 96 mg/kg/day t.i.d. for 3-7 days (5.5 days on average). These patients included 8 with pneumonia, 2 with tonsillitis, 1 each with bronchitis, phlegmon and urinary tract infection. The overall efficacy rate was 92.3%, i.e., efficacy was excellent in 8, good in 4 and poor in 1. Bacteriological efficacy was 83.3%, i.e., 5 strains of bacteria (Streptococcus pneumoniae 1, Haemophilus influenzae 3, Haemophilus parainfluenzae 1) were eradicated and 1 was unchanged (Enterobacter cloacae, MIC greater than 100 micrograms/ml). Clinical side effect was not observed during the treatment. Laboratory abnormalities were observed in 2 cases, i.e., a slight elevation of GPT and a mild eosinophilia. The above results suggest that CDZM is a useful antibiotic for treating pediatric bacterial infections.
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PMID:[Clinical experience with cefodizime in bacterial infection of children]. 279 62

We have carried out laboratory and clinical studies on cefpodoxime proxetil (CS-807, CPDX-PR). The results are summarized as follows. CPDX-PR was given via oral administration to each 2 children at a single dose of 3 mg/kg and to each of 3 children in a 100 mg tablet. After the oral administration, mean peak serum levels of CPDX obtained for the 2 dose levels were 1.86 +/- 0.35 micrograms/ml and 2.16 +/- 0.63 micrograms/ml at 2 hours, respectively, and mean half-lives were 1.31 +/- 0.02 hours and 1.47 +/- 0.18 hours, respectively. The mean urinary excretion rate of CPDX was 32.8 +/- 1.0% in the first 12 hours after the oral administration of 3 mg/kg. When a dose of 100 mg tablet was given to each of the 3 children, urinary excretion rates in the first 12 hours were 43.5%, 48.6% and 24.8%, respectively. Treatment with CPDX-PR was done in 38 cases of pediatric bacterial infections; 19 cases of tonsillitis, 3 cases of pharyngitis, 1 case of bronchitis, 3 cases of pneumonia, 3 cases of scarlet fever, 2 cases of impetigo, 4 cases of UTI and 1 case each of phlegmone, subcutaneous abscess and balanitis. Results obtained were excellent in 23 cases, good in 15 cases. No significant side effect due to the drug was observed in any cases.
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PMID:[Laboratory and clinical studies of cefpodoxime proxetil in pediatric field]. 281 Jul 32

Cefteram pivoxil (CFTM-PI), in fine granules, was studied in pediatric infections and the results obtained are summarized below. It is concluded that CFTM-PI fine granule is an effective drug for the treatment of pediatric infections. 1. The pharmacokinetics of CFTM-PI fine granules was studied in 7 patients (5 males, 2 females) whose ages ranged from 9 to 15 years. (1) In 2 patients, administered with the drug at a dose of 3 mg/kg in the fasting state, serum peak concentrations of CFTM at 2 hours after administration were 0.66 and 0.53 micrograms/ml, and T 1/2 were 1.40 and 1.32 hours, respectively. Urinary recovery rates in the first 8 hours were relatively low at 5.8 and 10.8%, respectively. (2) In 1 patient, the drug administered at a dose of 6 mg/kg in the fasting state, serum peak concentration of CFTM at 2 hours after administration was 3.0 micrograms/ml, T 1/2 was 2.16 hours, and urinary recovery rate in the first 8 hours was 13.8%. In another 2 patients, CFTM-PI administered at a dose of 6 mg/kg after meal, serum peak concentrations of CFTM at 4 hours after administration were 5.8 and 2.5 micrograms/ml, T 1/2 of the latter was 1.93 hours, and urinary recovery rates in the first 8 hours were 27.0 and 14.4%, respectively. (3) In yet another 2 patients, CFTM-PI tablets was administered at a dose level of 150 mg after meal. Serum peak concentrations of CFTM were 1.7 and 1.6 micrograms/ml at 2 hours and 4 hours after administration, respectively, T 1/2 of the former was 1.38 hours, and urinary recovery rates were 24.1 and 15.5%, respectively. 2. Clinical results CFTM-PI as fine granules was administered to 18 patients, and the following results were obtained. (1) 12 cases (6 males, 6 females) with their ages ranged from 3 months to 12 years were administered with the drug at a dose of 10 mg/kg/day, divided into 3 equal portions. Clinical efficacies were fair in 1 case with bronchopneumonia, good in 3 cases with bronchitis and in 4 cases with tonsillitis/pharyngitis, excellent in 1 and good in another with scarlet fever, and good in 1 and poor in another with urinary tract infection (UTI) (2) Six cases (4 males, 2 females) with their ages were 6 and 7 years were administered with CFTM-PI at a dose of 20 mg/kg/day divided into 3 equal portions. Clinical efficacies were good in 1 case with bronchopneumonia, 2 cases with bronchitis and 3 cases with tonsillitis/pharyngitis.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of cefteram pivoxil fine granules in pediatric infections]. 281 Jul 37

Laboratory and clinical studies on cefteram pivoxil(cefteram) a new cephem antibiotic, were carried out in the field of pediatrics. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. Serum concentrations, urinary concentrations and urinary recovery rates of cefteram (CFTM) were determined upon oral administration after meal of cefteram pivoxil (CFTM-PI) at doses of 3 mg/kg granules in 2 cases and 6 mg/kg granules in 2. Peak serum levels of CFTM were obtained at 3 hours in 2 cases and 4 hours in 2 cases after administration of the drug with a range of 0.74-2.2 micrograms/ml with half-lives of 0.77-3.62 hours. Urinary recovery rates in 8 hours after administration ranged from 9.6-23.0%. 2. MICs of CFTM against 22 clinical isolates (Streptococcus pyogenes 4 strains, Streptococcus pneumoniae 4, Staphylococcus aureus 2, Branhamella catarrhalis 1, Haemophilus influenzae 8, Haemophilus parainfluenzae 1, and Escherichia coli 2) were compared with those of cefaclor (CCL), cephalexin (CEX), and ampicillin (ABPC). The antibacterial activity of CFTM was superior to those of CCL and CEX, and was superior against Gram-negative rods and equal against Gram-positive cocci to those of ABPC. 3. Twenty-six pediatric patients with acute infectious diseases (scarlet fever 3 cases, tonsillitis 7, epiglottitis 1, bronchitis 5, pneumonia 5, urinary tract infection 3, cervical lymphadenitis 2) were treated with CFTM-PI at daily doses of 9.3-15.3 mg/kg t.i.d. as a rule. The efficacy rates were 100% clinically and 70% bacteriologically. 4. Side effects or abnormal laboratory test values were not observed except for an increased platelet count in 1 case.
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PMID:[Laboratory and clinical studies on cefteram pivoxil in the field of pediatrics]. 281 Jul 48

A newly developed cephalosporin, cefteram pivoxil (CFTM-PI, T-2588), was evaluated clinically in 40 patients. A pharmacokinetic study was also performed with 8 patients. CFTM-PI was administered as granules. One patient was given CFTM-PI at a dose of 1.5 mg/kg, each of 3 patients was given the drug at a dose of 3 mg/kg and each of 4 patients at a dose of 6 mg/kg. In most cases, serum concentrations of CFTM were determined at 2, 3, 4, and 6 hours after dosing. Urinary concentrations of CFTM were measured for urinary samples collected during periods of 0-2, 2-4, 4-6 and 6-8 hours after dosing. CFTM was assayed using the disk or the cup method using Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 10031 as the test organism. The clinical evaluation was conducted in 40 children including 13 patients of acute tonsillitis, 10 of acute lacunar tonsillitis, 10 of scarlet fever, 2 of acute bronchitis, 2 of pneumonia, and 1 each of pneumonia with enteritis, phlegmon and urinary tract infection. The patients were from 4 months to 13 years old. Daily doses were from 8.7 to 12 mg/kg. After CFTM-PI administration in doses 1.5 mg/kg, 3 mg/kg and 6 mg/kg, peak serum concentrations of CFTM were 0.38 microgram/ml, 0.73-2.25 micrograms/ml and 1.2-2.9 micrograms/ml, respectively, and half-lives were 1.55, 0.95-2.30 and 0.80-2.72 hours, respectively. Urinary excretion rates up to 6 or 8 hours after dosing were 10.8-24.7%. Clinical efficacies of CFTM-PI in 40 patients were "excellent" in 27 children, "good" in 12 children and "fair" in 1 with an efficacy rate of 97.5%. Twenty seven strains of causative organisms, including 15 strains of Streptococcus pyogenes, 1 of Escherichia coli, 1 of Salmonella 04, 6 of Haemophilus influenzae, 1 of Haemophilus parainfluenzae and 3 of Branhamella catarrhalis, were isolated. After treatment all strains except 1 strain of B. catarrhalis (unchanged), Salmonella 04 (unknown) and 1 strain of H. parainfluenzae (unknown) were eradicated. Side effects observed clinically were only 1 case of diarrhea. Eosinophilia was observed in 1 case.
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PMID:[Clinical studies on cefteram pivoxil granules in pediatrics]. 281 Jul 57

The clinical efficacy and the safety of cefteram pivoxil granule (CFTM-PI, T-2588), a newly prepared drug for pediatric use, were performed. A total of 60 patients with ages between 6 months and 14 years 3 months with pediatric infections were medicated with CFTM-PI at dose levels of 3.2-9.9 mg/kg 3 times daily for 3-11 days. Clinical responses to the drug were excellent in 3 of 3 patients with acute pharyngitis, excellent in 14, good in 5 and poor in 2 of 21 patients with acute purulent tonsillitis, excellent in 1 and good in 2 of 3 patients with acute bronchitis, excellent in 16 and good in 8 of 24 patients with acute pneumonia, excellent in 3 and good in 1 of 4 patients with acute urinary tract infection and excellent in 2 of 2 patients with acute purulent lymphadenitis, hence the overall clinical efficacy rate was 96.5% in a total of 57 patients. Bacteriological responses to the drug were as follows: Eradicated, 8 strains of Streptococcus pyogenes, 3 strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae, 19 strains of Haemophilus influenzae (beta-lactamase positive; 7, beta-lactamase negative; 12), 1 strain of Haemophilus parainfluenzae (beta-lactamase positive) and 4 strains of Escherichia coli (beta-lactamase positive; 1, beta-lactamase negative; 3), decreased, 1 strain of S. pyogenes, hence the eradication rate was 97.2%. No side effects were encountered in any of the patients but for 3 who had diarrhoea and 1 who had loose stool, though these changes were slight. As abnormal laboratory test data, elevation of GOT was noted in 1 case, thrombocytosis and elevation of GPT in another. Also, none of the patients refused or complained of difficulty in intaking of the drug via oral route. In conclusion, CFTM-PI appeared to be a safe and highly effective antibiotic against pediatric infections.
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PMID:[Clinical studies of cefteram pivoxil in pediatrics]. 281 Jul 58

We have carried out laboratory and clinical studies on cefteram pivoxil (CFTM-PI, T-2588). The results are summarized as follows. CFTM-PI was given through oral administration to 2 children each at dose levels of 1.5 mg/kg, 3 mg/kg and 6 mg/kg. After administration, mean peak serum levels of CFTM obtained for the 3 dose levels were 0.66 +/- 0.01 microgram/ml, 1.26 +/- 1.05 micrograms/ml and 2.28 +/- 0.95 micrograms/ml at 2 hours, respectively, and mean half-lives were 1.07 +/- 0.52 hours, 1.32 +/- 0.76 hours and 2.53 +/- 1.70 hours, respectively. Mean urinary excretion rates of CFTM were 19.0 +/- 4.0%, 9.4 +/- 1.5% and 19.9 +/- 4.0% in the first 8 hours after administration of 1.5 mg/kg, 3 mg/kg, 6 mg/kg, respectively. Treatment with CFTM-PI was made in 36 cases of pediatric bacterial infections including 20 cases of tonsillitis, 3 cases of bronchitis, 6 cases of scarlet fever, 3 cases of UTI and 1 case each of bronchopneumonia, abscess, staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome and vaginitis. Results obtained were excellent in 22 cases, good in 14 cases. No significant side effect due to the drug was observed in any cases.
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PMID:[Laboratory and clinical studies of cefteram pivoxil in pediatric field]. 281 Jul 60

Cefteram pivoxil (CFTM-PI), the pivaloyloxymethyl ester of cefteram (CFTM) in which aminothiazol was also introduced into the 7 position of cephem nucleus, is a new oral cephem antibiotic. CFTM-PI was absorbed through the intestines and hydrolyzed to CFTM by esterases in the intestinal wall and existed in the body fluids as CFTM. A tablet form of this drug has been released in Japan and now a granular form for pediatric patients has been developed. We have determined MICs of 5 drugs (CFTM, cephalexin (CEX), cefaclor (CCL), ampicillin (ABPC), erythromycin (EM], against stock strains and MICs of 6 drugs (CFTM, CEX, CCL, ABPC, methicillin, cloxacillin) against fresh strains from patients received to CFTM-PI, with an inoculum size of 10(6) cfu/ml. A total of 149 strains included Gram-positive cocci i.e. Staphylococcus aureus (11), Streptococcus pyogenes (85), Streptococcus agalactiae (16) and Streptococcus pneumoniae (4), and Gram-negative rods i.e. Haemophilus influenzae (11), Bordetella pertussis (11), Escherichia coli (9), Proteus mirabilis (1) and Morganella morganii (1). The granular form of CFTM-PI was administered to 9 boys (age: 8 years 3 months approximately 10 years 10 months) to determine serum and urinary concentrations of the drug and its urinary recovery rates using bioassay. Doses of 1.5, 3.0 and 6.0 mg/kg were given orally 30 minutes after meal to 3 boys, respectively. Urinary concentrations and its urinary recovery rates of T-2525A, a main metabolite of CFTM, were determined using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). To study clinical and bacteriological effects of this drug, a mean daily dose of 3.3 mg/kg divided 3-4 times a day (3 times: 133 cases, 4 times: 9 cases) was administered for 8 days on the average to a total of 142 cases with pharyngitis (22), tonsillitis (12), acute bronchitis (3), pneumonia (11), pleurisy (1), scarlet fever (28), acute purulent otitis media (16), impetigo (13), abscess (2), purulent lymphadenitis (1) and urinary tract infection (33). Adverse reactions and abnormal effects on laboratory test values attributable to this drug were studied in patients. The results obtained are summarized as follows. 1. With regard to Gram-positive cocci, MICs of CFTM against 11 fresh strains of S. aureus ranged from 3.13 to 6.25 micrograms/ml except for 1 strain, thus CFTM was equally effective to CEX, but less active than the other drugs tested.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies of cefteram pivoxil granule in the pediatric field]. 281 Jul 62

Pharmacokinetic, bacteriological and clinical studies on sultamicillin (SBTPC) fine granule were carried out in the field of pediatrics. The results obtained are summarized as follows. 1. Antibacterial activities of SBTPC against clinically isolated strains of Haemophilus influenzae, Haemophilus parainfluenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus agalactiae, Staphylococcus aureus, Branhamella catarrhalis, and Escherichia coli were compared with those of ampicillin (ABPC). SBTPC was superior to ABPC especially against beta-lactamase producing H. influenzae, E. coli, S. aureus, and B. catarrhalis. 2. Serum concentrations and urinary excretion rates of sulbactam (SBT) and ABPC after administration of SBTPC fine granule at a dose level of 10 mg/kg in 2 cases were determined. Mean half-lives of SBT and ABPC in the serum following oral administration were about 1.33 and 1.61 hours respectively. Mean urinary recovery rates of SBT and ABPC in 6 hours after oral administration at a dose of 10 mg/kg were 58.7% and 49.6% respectively. 3. SBTPC fine granule was administered to 20 pediatric patients with various bacterial infections (pneumonia 8 cases, bronchitis 2, pharyngitis 2, tonsillitis 4, subcutaneous abscess 1 and urinary tract infection 3). The overall clinical efficacy rate was 100% and the overall bacteriological eradication rate was 75%. 4. No adverse reactions were observed except 1 case of loose stool. No abnormal laboratory test values were observed. These results indicate the usefulness of SBTPC fine granule in the treatment of bacterial infections in children.
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PMID:[Pharmacokinetic, bacteriological and clinical studies of sultamicillin fine granule in pediatric field]. 324 62

The clinical efficacy and the safety of sultamicillin (SBTPC) fine granules, which is a semisynthetic beta-lactam antibiotic for oral use with ester linked ampicillin (ABPC) and sulbactam (SBT), a beta-lactamase inhibitor, in a ratio of 1:1, were evaluated in 31 patients with ages from 6 months old to 10 years and 4 months old with various bacterial infections. The results obtained are summarized as follows. 1. In a pharmacokinetic study with a dose level of 10 mg/kg SBTPC, serum levels reached a peak in 1 hour after oral administration, with peak levels of 3.94 micrograms/ml for ABPC and 4.08 micrograms/ml for SBT. Half-lives of ABPC and SBT were 64.8 minutes and 63.6 minutes, respectively. The urinary excretion of ABPC over 6 hours was 66.2% and that of SBT was 60.4%. 2. SBTPC fine granules were administered orally to 1 patient with bronchitis, 9 patients with bronchopneumonia, 7 patients with tonsillitis, 4 patients with scarlet fever, 1 patient each with pharyngitis, otitis media, purulent parotitis, and urinary tract infection and 6 patients with skin and soft tissue infections at daily dosage levels of 26.1-31.6 mg/kg divided into 3 or 4. Clinical evaluations of these 31 patients were as follows, excellent: 20 patients, good: 10 patients, poor: 1 patient. The efficacy rate was 96.8%. 3. Diarrhea was observed in a patient with otitis media on the fifth day of SBTPC administration. No other clinical adverse reaction was observed in any of the remaining 30 patients. No abnormal laboratory data was found in any of 23 patients who were subjected to laboratory examinations for safety.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of sultamicillin fine granules in pediatric patients]. 324 64


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