Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0040425 (tonsillitis)
 1,594 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Newly developed cefuzoname (CZON) was tested in 21 children and serum and urinary concentration and urinary recovery rates were determined. To 9 cases, 3 groups of 3 cases each, CZON was given at 10, 20 or 40 mg/kg one shot intravenously, and to 12 cases, 3 groups of 5, 3, 4 cases each, 10, 20 or 40 mg/kg was drip-infused over 1 hour. To 1 case of purulent meningitis 55.6 mg/kg was given one shot intravenously and concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum were measured. In 37 pediatric patients comprising 1 with tonsillitis, 24 with pneumonia, 1 with purulent meningitis and bacteremia, 7 with urinary tract infection, and 1 each with staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome, purulent lymphadenitis, periarthritis of jaw joint, maxillary sinusitis and orbital abscess, CZON was tried at 21.6 mg/kg (mean) per dose, 3 or 4 doses daily, one shot intravenously, for 7 days (mean). The clinical efficacy and antibacterial effectiveness were investigated. Also, the side effects were investigated and clinical laboratory tests done in the 37 pediatric cases plus 6 cases in which CZON was used but which were excluded from the efficacy analysis because they did not involve infections. The following is a summary of the results: 1. To 3 groups of 3 children each, 10, 20 or 40 mg/kg of CZON was given one shot intravenously. In each case the maximum serum concentration was observed at 5 min. after injection, and mean values of 3 groups with 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg dosing were 57.1, 147.2 and 316.7 mcg/ml respectively, indicating a dose-dependent response among the 3 groups. Mean half-lives were 0.83, 1.10 and 0.79 hours for 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg groups, respectively. The 10 mg/kg and the 40 mg/kg groups showed similar half-lives but the half-life of the 20 mg/kg group was a little longer than those of the other 2. 2. CZON was drip-infused over 1 hour to a total of 12 children divided into 3 groups of 5, 3 and 4 children at dose levels of 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies of cefuzoname in the pediatric field]. 361 96

Aspoxicillin (ASPC), a new semisynthesized penicillin, was administered to 20 children; by one shot intravenous injection in the doses of 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg to each of 3 children, and by intravenous drip infusion in the doses of 20 and 40 mg/kg over a period of 1 hour to 8 and 3 children, respectively, and the serum levels, urinary levels and recovery rates were determined. ASPC was administered to 1 patient with tuberculous pleurisy in the dose of 20 mg/kg by one shot intravenous injection, then the thoracic fluid level and serum level were determined. In addition, ASPC was administered to 3 children with tonsillitis, 3 with bronchitis, 40 with pneumonia, one each for pleuropneumonia, pleurisy, lung abscess, scarlet fever, staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome and purulent lymphadenitis and 2 with UTI (total 54 children), in the mean dose of 81.4 mg/kg/day t.i.d. (12 children) or q.i.d. (42 children) by one shot intravenous injection for 6 days on the average, and clinical effectiveness and bacteriological response were evaluated in these cases, and adverse reactions and abnormal laboratory findings were examined in the 60 cases which included 6 drop-out cases. After the administration of ASPC to 9 children; 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg to each of 3 children, by one shot intravenous injection, the mean serum levels reached to the peak of 58.4, 147.0 and 221.0 mcg/ml, respectively, in 5 minutes. The mean half-lives were 1.03, 1.01 and 1.23 hours, and the mean areas under the curve (AUCs) were 44.9, 94.1 and 192.9 mcg X hr/ml, respectively. A dose response was seen among the 3 dosage levels. After the administration of ASPC to 11 children; 20 and 40 mg/kg to 8 and 3 children, respectively, by intravenous drip infusion over a period of 1 hour, the mean serum levels reached to the peak of 58.2 and 114.0 mcg/ml, respectively, on completion of the administration. The mean half-lives were 1.22 and 1.09 hours, and the mean AUCs were 109.4 and 181.7 mcg X hr/ml, respectively. A dose response was observed between the 2 dosage levels. In the above mentioned each 3 cases receiving one shot intravenous injection in the dose of 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg, the mean urinary levels of ASPC reached to the peak of 1,000.0, 2,300.0 and 4,350.0 mcg/ml, respectively, at 0 approximately 2 hours after the administration, and the urinary recovery rates during the first 6 hours were 66.1, 66.5 and 56.9%, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[Fundamental and clinical studies of aspoxicillin in the pediatric field]. 406 28

Microbiological, pharmacokinetic and clinical studies on sulbactam/cefoperazone (SBT/CPZ) were carried out in the field of pediatrics. Antimicrobial activity The MIC80 of SBT/CPZ was 6.25 micrograms/ml for clinically isolated 24 strains of S. aureus (24 beta-lactamase producing strains), 0.39 micrograms/ml for 17 strains of S. pyogenes, 3.13 micrograms/ml for 24 strains of E. coli (22 beta-lactamase producing strains), 3.13 micrograms/ml for 22 strains of K. pneumoniae (22 beta-lactamase producing strains), 1.56 micrograms/ml for 22 strains of P. mirabilis and 0.20 microgram/ml for 15 strains of H. influenzae (13 beta-lactamase producing strains). In comparison with CPZ in respect to the MIC, SBT/CPZ exhibited synergistic effect on 31 strains out of 81 beta-lactamase producing strains (included 6 strains of S. aureus, 9 of E. coli, 5 of K. pneumoniae and 11 of H. influenzae) which was scarcely observed against 43 non-beta-lactamase producing strains. Absorption and excretion Serum levels and urinary excretion of SBT/CPZ were studied in 7 children aged 5 to 12 years. The mean serum concentration of SBT at 15 minutes following a single intravenous injection of 10 mg/kg of SBT/CPZ was 14.2 micrograms/ml and that of CPZ was 30.4 micrograms/ml. The mean urinary recovery rates at 6 hours following the intravenous injection were 57.8% and 18.3%, respectively. The mean serum concentrations of SBT and CPZ after 1-hour infusion of 10 mg/kg of SBT/CPZ were 10.9 micrograms/ml and 17.6 micrograms/ml, respectively. The urinary recovery rates of SBT and CPZ at 7 hours after the infusion were 100.0% and 27.7% on average, respectively. The mean serum levels of SBT and CPZ at 15 minutes after a single intravenous injection of 20 mg/kg of SBT/CPZ were 25.6 micrograms/ml and 66.0 micrograms/ml, respectively and urinary elimination until up to 6 hours were 72.5% on average for SBT and 21.1% for CPZ. Clinical study SBT/CPZ was used for the treatment of a total of 20 pediatric patients aged 1 month to 14 years to evaluate its clinical effectiveness, bacteriological efficacy and adverse effects. The clinical efficacy in 6 patients with acute pneumonia, 3 with staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome, 2 each with acute purulent tonsillitis and acute pyelonephritis, 1 each with acute purulent lymphadenitis, acute sinusitis, acute bronchitis, peritonitis and acute enteritis was judged to be excellent in 15 cases and good in 3 cases with an efficacy ratio of 100%. The clinical efficacy in 6 patients whose infections were caused by beta-lactamase producing strains was judged to be excellent in all the cases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[Studies on sulbactam/cefoperazone in the field of pediatrics]. 609 65

Sulbactam/cefoperazone (SBT/CPZ) was evaluated in the treatment of pediatric patients to have the following results: Peak serum concentrations which occurred just after the drip infusion of 20 mg/kg SBT/CPZ were 36.4 micrograms/ml and 8.6 micrograms/ml for CPZ and SBT, respectively. The half-life of CPZ was 1.91 hours, and that of SBT, 0.97 hour. Following the 40 mg/kg drip infusion, the peak serum concentration of CPZ was 79.1 micrograms/ml, and that of SBT, 27.0 micrograms/ml. The half-lives were 1.99 hours for CPZ, and 1.07 hours for SBT, respectively. In 6 hours after drip infusion of 20 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg 21.7, 37.0% of CPZ and 41.6, 85.6% of SBT were excreted in urine. Daily doses of about 50-90 mg/kg SBT/CPZ were administered by intravenous or drip infusion to 26 pediatric patients with acute infections such as lacunar tonsillitis, bronchitis, bronchopneumonia, suppurative diseases caused by Staphylococcus (staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome), purulent parotitis, cervical lymphadenitis, phlegmon and acute UTI related with ABPC/CPZ resistant beta lactamase producing E. coli. SBT/CPZ demonstrated the bacteriological effect on all the causative organisms. The clinical efficacy was also confirmed with the efficacy rate of 88.5%. No side effects were observed in all the cases though transient eosinophilia developed in 2 patients.
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PMID:[Fundamental and clinical studies of sulbactam/cefoperazone in the field of pediatrics]. 609 10

Laboratory and clinical studies on ceftazidime ( CAZ ), a new cephem antibiotic, were carried out in the field of pediatrics. The results were as follows: Antibacterial activities of CAZ against clinically isolated strains of S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, E. coli and P. aeruginosa were compared with those of cefotaxime (CTX), ceftizoxime (CZX), latamoxef ( LMOX ), cefoperazone (CPZ) and cefmetazole (CMZ), and also with cefsulodin (CFS) and gentamicin (GM) against P. aeruginosa. Against S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae, CAZ was almost as active as CTX, CZX and CPZ. Against E. coli, it was almost as active as CTX, CZX and LMOX . Against P. aeruginosa, it was almost as active as CFS and GM. Serum concentrations and urinary excretion rates after intravenous bolus injection of CAZ at doses of 20 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg for 5 minutes in each 2 cases (4 cases in total) were determined. The mean serum concentrations of CAZ were 78.9 and 52.0 micrograms/ml at 15 minutes, 38.5 and 27.4 micrograms/ml at 1 hour, and 6.5 and 4.8 micrograms/ml at 4 hours, with serum half-lives (T 1/2) of 1.39 and 1.80 hours respectively. Mean cumulative urinary excretion rate within 6 hours after administration was 84.6%. In a patient with chronic renal failure, serum half-life was 3.22 hours and urinary excretion rate within 6 hours was 22.8% (after intravenous bolus injection of CAZ at a dose of 10 mg/kg). CAZ was administered at a dose of 55.5 mg/kg by intravenous bolus injection to a child with purulent meningitis. The levels of CAZ in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) at 1 hour after administration were 2.7-38.9 micrograms/ml with CSF/Serum ratios of 3.2-28.8%. Forty-two pediatric patients with various bacterial infections (pyelonephritis 14, tonsillitis 1, bronchopneumonia 3, pneumonia 17, purulent meningitis 1, bacteremia 2, SSSS 1, enterocolitis 3) were treated with CAZ at a daily dose of 49-222 mg/kg t.i.d. or q.i.d. (as a rule 60 mg/kg t.i.d.). The efficacy rate was 97.6% clinically and 97.8% bacteriologically. No adverse reactions were observed except 1 case with mild diarrhea. Abnormal laboratory findings were also only mild; eosinophilia in 1, slight elevation of GOT in 5 and that of GOT & GPT in 3 cases. These results indicate the usefulness of CAZ in the treatment of bacterial infections in children.
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PMID:[Laboratory and clinical studies on ceftazidime in the field of pediatrics]. 637 56

As a result of conducting experimental and clinical tests with the newly developed cephalosporin, cefoperazone (CPZ), the following conclusions were obtained: (1) When tested against 10 strains of Staphylococcus aureus and 16 strains of Staphylococcus epidermidis, the antibacterial activity of CPZ was found to be weaker than that of CEZ. Against 5 strains of A-beta-Streptococcus and 4 strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae, both CPZ and CEZ exhibited similar excellent antibacterial activity. CPZ was effective against 18 strains of Escherichia coli though its activity was influenced by the amount of inoculated bacteria present. Against 15 strains of Haemophilus influenzae and 10 strains of Haemophilus parahaemolyticus, CPZ was found to be more effective than CEZ though several high-resistant strains were noted. CPZ also showed more excellent antibacterial activity than CEZ against 4 strains of Haemophilus parainfluenzae, 5 strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae, 8 strains of Salmonella sp., 4 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 4 strains of Proteus sp. (2) The mean half-life in the blood following intravenous injections of 25 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg of CPZ to three children was 70 minutes. (3) One hour after intravenous injection of 25 mg/kg of CPZ to 3 cases of aseptic meningitis, drug concentration in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was 1.20 mcg/ml, less than 0.39 mcg/ml and 1.55 mcg/ml. In one case, the CSF/serum ratio was 2.7%. (4) The average recovery rate in the urine of children who had received intravenous administrations of 25 mg/kg (3 children) and 10 mg/kg (1 child) was 17.8% between 0 and 6 hours. (5) Eighteen pediatric patients received CPZ in doses ranging from 48 to 170 mg/kg divided three-four times a day. They were RTI in 7, URI in 5, UTI in 5, SSSS in 1 and enteritis in 1 children. The clinical effectiveness of CPZ was judged to be remarkedly effective in 11 children, effective in 5 children and ineffective in 3 children, with an overall effective rate of 84.2%. One patient of tonsillitis combined sinusitis was considered 2 cases. The three cases in which the drug was found to e ineffective were 2 cases of pyothorax and 1 case of sinusitis. (6) Side effects were 1 case of eosinophilia, 2 cases of elevation of GOT and GPT, and 1 case of mild elevation of GOT. All were considered to be minor.
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PMID:[Fundamental and clinical studies of cefoperazone in children (author's transl)]. 645 30

Bacteriological, pharmacokinetic and clinical studies on SY5555 dry syrup (powder which is dissolved before use), a new penem antibiotic for oral use, were performed. The following results were obtained. 1. Antibacterial activities. MICs of SY5555, clavulanic acid/amoxicillin (CVA/AMPC), cefotiam (CTM), cefpodoxime (CPDX), cefaclor (CCL) and cefdinir (CFDN) were determined against clinically isolated Staphylococcus aureus, coagulase negative staphylococci, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Escherichia coli and Enterobacter cloacae at a dose of 10(6) CFU/ml. MICs of SY5555 against S. aureus, CNS, S. pneumoniae, S. pyogenes, H. influenzae, M. catarrhalis, E. coli and E. cloacae were 0.2, 0.2, 0.2, < or = 0.025, 0.78, 0.2, 0.78 and 3.13 micrograms/ml, respectively, showing excellent antibacterial effects on these pathogens. Although the effects of SY 5555 against H. influenzae and E. coli were slightly inferior to those of CPDX and CFDN, the drug showed the most excellent antibacterial effect on other strains as compared with the control drugs. 2. Absorption and excretion In this study, plasma concentrations and urinary recovery rates were examined after administration of SY5555 at doses of 5 and 10 mg/kg (potency) after meals. With both 5 and 10 mg/kg doses, peak plasma concentrations were reached 1 hour after administration, at 0.25-2.61 micrograms/ml (mean 1.47 micrograms/ml) and 1.08-2.17 micrograms/ml (mean 1.74 micrograms/ml), respectively. The plasma levels rapidly decreased to 0.06-0.19 micrograms/ml (0.12 micrograms/ml) and 0.0503-0.0637 micrograms/ml) after 6 hours. The half-lives 1.12 hours in the 5 mg/kg group and 1.0 hour in the 10 mg/kg group. The urinary recovery rates were determined in the first 8 hours after administration in the 5 mg/kg and 6 hours in the 10 mg/kg group, and the values were as low as 1.05-12.3% and 1.6-4.33%, respectively. 3. Clinical results The clinical responses were examined in a total of 73 cases including 4 acute pneumonia, 13 acute bronchitis, 11 tonsillitis, 3 pharyngitis, 12 scarlet fever, 2 pertussis, 6 urinary tract infection, 6 otitis media, 7 lymphadenitis, 2 staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome, 2 phlegmon, 4 impetigo and 1 purulent parotitis. The treatment was effective or better in 66 of 70 cases with an efficacy rate of 94.3% (3 undeterminable cases were excluded). Bacteriological effects were examined during the clinical course for detected or suspected pathogens found before administration of SY5555. The effects were determined in 50 cases including 7 cases of polymicrobacterial infections, 57 strains in total. Eight strains, however, persisted, hence the overall eradication rate was 86.0%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[Bacteriological, pharmacokinetic and clinical studies of SY5555 dry syrup in the pediatric field]. 769 46

1. SY5555 dry syrup (powder which is dissolved before use) was administered to 25 patients with bacterial infections (6 cases of bronchitis, 2 cases of bronchopneumonia, 1 case of pertussis, 3 cases of scarlet fever, 5 cases of tonsillitis, 3 cases of urinary tract infections, 2 cases of staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome, 1 case of impetigo, 2 cases of purulent lymphadenitis). 2. Clinical efficacies were excellent in 11 patients and good in 13, poor in 1 with an efficacy rate of 96.0%. As pathogenic organisms, 15 strains were identified and 14 of them were eradicated with eradication rate of 93.3%. 3. No side effects were observed. As for abnormal laboratory test results increase in eosinophiles in 2 cases, decrease in filamented neutrophiles in 1 case, elevation of GOT and GTP in 1 case and elevation of GPT and gamma-GTP were observed. 4. There was no rejection incidence of the drug during the therapy. From the above results, we consider SY5555 in dry syrup form to be a useful and safe drug in the treatment of various bacterial infections in pediatric patients.
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PMID:[A clinical evaluation of SY5555 in the treatment of pediatric infections]. 774 11

Biapenem (L-627) was given intravenously to 17 children with acute bacterial infections including 3 with purulent tonsillitis, 1 with bronchitis, 4 with pneumonia, 2 with sepsis, 3 with pyelonephritis, 2 with SSSS. (2 cases are omitted from evaluation because of Mycoplasma pneumonia and infectious mononucleosis). Daily dosages per kg bodyweight ranging from 18.3 to 60 mg were given in 3 divided doses per day for 4 to 6 days. Clinical responses were excellent in 12 (80%), good in 2 (13.3%), fair in 1 (6.7%) and poor in 0 (0%), with an overall efficacy rate of 93.3%. Good bacteriological responses were obtained in all of the 9 cases from which pathogens were identified. A side effect is observed in only 1 case with mild diarrhea. The above results suggest that L-627 is a useful new carbapenem derivative for the treatment of bacterial infections in children.
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PMID:[Clinical studies on biapenem (L-627) in the pediatric field]. 793 22

Fine granule preparation of azithromycin (AZM), a new macrolide antibiotic, was given to treat various infections in pediatric patients. Efficacies of AZM in a total of 21 patients (tonsillitis in six, bronchitis in five, pneumonia in five, impetigo contagiosa in three, staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome in one and bacterial enterogastritis in one) were rated "excellent" in 11 patients and "good" in eight. The remaining two cases were not included in the evaluation. AZM eradicated all strains of infection-causative bacteria identified in the 21 patients: Staphylococcus aureus in two, Streptococcus pneumoniae in four, Moraxella (Branhamella) catarrhalis in four, Haemophilus influenzae in six, Haemophilus parainfluenzae in three and Mycoplasma pneumoniae in one. One patient complained of mild diarrhea, while two patients showed increases in eosinophils as abnormal laboratory changes.
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PMID:[A clinical evaluation of azithromycin in the treatment of pediatric infection]. 898 13


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