Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0040425 (tonsillitis)
 1,594 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Sensitivity of beta-hemolytic streptococci of group A, Streptococcus viridans, Staphylococcus aureus, epidermal staphylococci, pneumococci, Proteus and Ps. aeruginosa isolated in 1975-1978 from patients with tonsillitis, otitis, sinusitis and other otorhinolaryngological diseases was studied with respect to 19 antibiotics. Data on comparison of the antibiotic sensitivity of the microflora isolated from the patients with otorhinolaryngological diseases in 1964-1974 and 1975-1978 are presented. It was shown that beta-hemolytic streptococci were highly sensitive to all the antibiotics tested except tetracycline. Among Streptococcus viridans the strains resistant to many antibiotics were more frequent than among beta-hemolytic streptococci. Most of the Staphylococcus aureus strains were sensitive to gentamycin, cephaloridin, oxacillin and resistant to the other antibiotics. The epidermal staphylococci were characterized by approximately the same antibiotic sensitivity as Staphylococcus aureus. Resistance of the predominating majority of the Pneumococcus strains to tetracycline was noted. Proteus and Ps. aeruginosa were resistant to all the antibiotics except aminoglycosides. The microflora isolated from the cases with otorhinolaryngological diseases in 1975-1978 were mainly characterized by lower antibiotic sensitivity than that isolated from the cases with the same diseases in 1964-1974. It is possible to suppose that the microorganisms isolated from the patients with otorhinolaringological diseases had no significant differences with respect to their antibiotic sensitivity from those isolated from the patients with other pathological processes.
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PMID:[Antibiotic sensitivity of the microflora isolated in ENT diseases]. 44 82

The antibiotic management of tonsillitis, acute otitis media, sinusitis and bronchitis is critically reviewed. Tonsillitis due to Group A streptococci must be treated with penicillin for 10 days in order to prevent complications. Antibiotics should not be used locally in pharyngitis or tonsillitis. Tonsillectomy does neither reduce the incidence of streptococcal tonsillitis nor of rheumatic complications. Antibiotic cover for tonsillectomy is not indicated except in patients with rheumatic heart disease or in those with prosthetic heart valves. The indications for the prophylactic use of antibiotics in ear, nose and throat surgery are discussed.
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PMID:[Antibiotic therapy - a critical review (author's transl)]. 45 63

250 adults were checked-up 1 to 19 years following submucous septal resection, most of them after 4 to 6 years. In two thirds of these cases the nasal obstruction was abolished, and in 60 to 80 per cent sequelae of nasal blockage (otitis, non-specific rhinitis, sinusitis, pharyngitis, tonsillitis) were reduced or healed. The positive influence of the resection on allergic rhinitis and headache was less (20 to 40%). 33 per cent of the patients complained of permanent nasal obstruction instead of surgery. In 45 per cent of these cases the obstruction appeared with a postoperative delay of 6 months and more! Deviation of the anterior septal remnant is the most frequent reason for obstruction. Other negative sequelae following submucous resection are atrophy of the mucosa (45%), hyperplasia of the inferior tubinates (38%), excessive mobility of the septum (13%), perforations (9%), and saddling of the cartilaginous nasal roof (7%). A comparison of the long-term results following submucous resection and following septoplasty show the better results by septoplasty.
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PMID:[Long-term results of submucous septal resection (author's transl)]. 72 91

The different occurrences of pathogens in acute and chronic otitis media, sinusitis, tonsillitis and infections of the respiratory tract are described, with consideration given to the development of gram-negative flora. Therapeutic plans are presented with regard to each of the possible organism patterns. Specific emphasis is given to the aminoglycoside antibiotics which can affect the auditory and vestibular systems.
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PMID:[Special problems in the chemotherapy of bacterial infections in otolaryngology (author's transl)]. 92 14

Forty-eight cases of otorhinolaryngological infections were treated with amoxicillin (AMPC) at a daily dose of 750mg. The clinical and microbiological effects were studied, and the results were summarized as follows. 1. The subjects comprised 20 cases of otitis media, 10 of tonsillitis, 4 of sinusitis, 4 of chroditis, 2 bronchitis, 5 of furuncle of the ear and 3 of furuncle of the nose. The clinical effective rate of AMPC was 82.9%, and the microbiological effective rate was 80.6%. 2. The effect of AMPC against strains isolated from the above diseases was also studied. The effective rate against Streptococcus was 91.6% and against Staphylococcus 83.3%. 3. Side effects were observed in 4 cases (one of diarrhea, two of abdominal discomfort and one of lingual pain), but none of them was so severe as the use of AMPC should have been discontinued.
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PMID:[Clinical use of amoxicillin in the otorhinolaryngological field (authors's transl)]. 93 32

1000 patients, suffering from chronic nonspecific respiratory diseases, were investigated for otorhinolaryngologic diseases. The frequency of pathologic findings such as nose deformities, sinusitis, rhinitis, pharyngitis, tonsillitis, respiratory hypersensitivity and their treatment results are evaluated aiming to find out common causative factors in the pathogenesis of these upper and lower airway diseases. A careful diagnosis and subsequent treatment of otorhinolaryngologic diseases is required to improve the therapeutic results of the basic respiratory disease.
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PMID:[Interrelations between otorhinolaryngologic and chronic nonspecific respiratory diseases (author's transl)]. 96 87

In the winter of 1972-1973 a multicentre trial of the treatment of upper and lower respiratory tract infections was carried out in Spain using doxycycline. 85 physicians participated in the study and treated 1,653 patients. The infections included acute bronchitis, acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis, pneumonia, bronchopneumonia, tonsillitis, pharyngitis, trachetis, sinusitis, and otitis media. The majority of the patients were adult out-patients although some children and adolescents were included: 1,011 of the patients were male and 642 female. A number of the signs of respiratory infection such as temperature, cough, pain and inflammatory symptoms were examined. A rapid reduction in intensity and severity was noted in all of these parameters. Tolerance to the antibiotic was excellent. Only minor side-effects were reported and these were mild and mainly limited to the gastro-intestinal tract - in no case was treatment discontinued. The total number of side-effects was 37; they occurred in 31 out of the 1,653 patients. The overall evaluation of results showed a very good or good response in 85% of the patients. It appears from this multicentre study that the efficacy of doxycycline has in no way decreased over the 7 years of its extensive use in Spain. It remains a fast acting and effective antibiotic in upper and lower respiratory tract infections irrespective of age, sex or diagnosis.
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PMID:Doxycycline in respiratory tract infections. Report of a retrospective study in Spain during the winter 1972-1973. 109 76

The new fluoroquinolone antimicrobial temafloxacin shows good penetration into a range of body tissues and fluids, after single or repeated oral administration to healthy volunteers and patients undergoing various procedures. Temafloxacin concentrations in respiratory tissues and fluids, nasal secretions, tonsils, prostate, semen, bone and blister fluid were similar to, or greater than, concurrent serum concentrations. Penetration into sinus secretions and cerebrospinal fluid is less marked; nevertheless, temafloxacin concentrations of approximately 2.4 and 1 mg/L, respectively, were achieved. Concentrations of temafloxacin observed in these tissues and fluids exceed the minimum concentrations required to eradicate the majority of bacterial pathogens associated with respiratory infections, tonsillitis, sinusitis, prostatitis, bone infections and meningitis. Since elimination of temafloxacin occurs by the renal route, high concentrations of the drug are also found in the urine. Biliary excretion of temafloxacin accounts for about 3% and leads to high biliary concentrations of the drug.
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PMID:Penetration of temafloxacin into body tissues and fluids. 131 72

A total of 49 children (20 females, 29 males; age range, 6 months-12 years) with upper respiratory tract infections (otitis media, sinusitis, pharyngitis and/or tonsillitis) were treated orally with 25 mg/kg.day sultamicillin suspension in two equal doses for an average of 9.2 days. There was bacteriological evidence of sultamicillin-sensitive pathogens in 44 patients prior to treatment. On completion of treatment, 42 (85.7%) patients were rated as clinically cured and there was improvement in the remaining seven (14.2%) patients. Pathogens were totally eradicated in 32/44 (73.7%) cases but were still present in two (4.5%) and in 10 cases follow-up bacteriological evaluation was not possible. Tolerability of sultamicillin was good and only three possible or probable treatment-related adverse events were recorded.
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PMID:An open non-comparative pilot study of the safety and efficacy of oral sultamicillin in the treatment of mild to moderate upper respiratory tract infections in children. 145 26

These guidelines deal with the evaluation of anti-infective drugs for the treatment of respiratory tract infections. Five clinical entities are described: streptococcal pharyngitis and tonsillitis, otitis media, sinusitis, bronchitis, and pneumonia. A wide variety of microorganisms are potentially pathogenetic in these diseases; these guidelines focus on the bacterial infections. Inclusion of a patient in a trial of a new drug is based on the clinical entity, with the requirement that a reasonable attempt will be made to establish a specific microbial etiology. Microbiologic evaluation of efficacy requires isolation of the pathogen and testing for in vitro susceptibility. Alternatively, surrogate markers may be used to identify the etiologic agent. The efficacy of new drugs is evaluated with reference to anticipated response rates. Establishment of the microbial etiology of respiratory tract infections is hampered by the presence of "normal flora" of the nose, mouth, and pharynx, which may include asymptomatic carriage of potential pathogens. This issue is addressed for each category of infection described. For example, it is suggested that for initial phase 2 trials of acute otitis media and acute sinusitis tympanocentesis or direct sinus puncture be used to collect exudate for culture. Acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis also present difficulties in the establishment of microbial etiology. These guidelines suggest that clinical trials employ an active control drug but leave open the possibility of a placebo-controlled trial. For pneumonia, the guidelines suggest the identification and enrollment of patients by the clinical type of pneumonia, e.g., atypical pneumonia or acute bacterial pneumonia, rather than by etiologic organism or according to whether it was community or hospital acquired. For each respiratory infection, the clinical response is judged as cure, failure, or indeterminate. Clinical improvement is not acceptable unless quantitative response measures can be applied.
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PMID:Evaluation of new anti-infective drugs for the treatment of respiratory tract infections. Infectious Diseases Society of America and the Food and Drug Administration. 147 53


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