Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0040425 (tonsillitis)
 1,594 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Nine pediatric patients with moderate or severe bacterial infections (3 septicemia or bacteremia, 2 pyelitis, 2 tonsillitis, 1 pneumonia and 1 pyothorax) in hospital were treated with MK-0787/MK-0791. The drug was administered intravenously by 30 or 60 minutes drip infusion in 3 or 4 divided doses totalling 24 mg/24 mg-70.2 mg/70.2 mg per kg/day. Clinical effectiveness were excellent in 4 cases, good in 2 cases, poor in 2 cases and not evaluated in 1 case. The overall efficacy rate was 75%. A slight decrease of WBC was observed in 1 case. It was concluded that MK-0787/MK-0791 was a useful antibiotic for the treatment of infections in pediatric practices. Pharmacokinetics of intravenously administered MK-0787/MK-0791 was studied in 2 other cases. The MK-0787/MK-0791 was administered intravenously by 30 or 60 minutes drip infusion to 2 cases at a dose of 10 mg/10 mg/kg. The mean half-life (T1/2) of MK-0787 was 1.03 hours and MK-0791, 0.69 hour. The mean urinary recovery rate of MK-0787 within 6.5-7 hours after administration was 62.5% and MK-0791, 76.7%.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of imipenem/cilastatin sodium in children]. 346 73

Imipenem/cilastatin sodium (MK-0787/MK-0791) was evaluated for its safety, efficacy and pharmacokinetics in children. Thirty cases of bacterial infections were treated with MK-0787/MK-0791 at a daily dose of 40 to 222 mg/kg for 2.25 to 13 days. Clinical cure rate was 93% and bacteriological efficacy rate was 88%. Treated diseases included severe tonsillitis due to mixed anaerobic infections, pneumonia, sepsis, brain abscess and soft tissue infections. Two cases, one with periosteomyelitis due to methicillin-resistant S. aureus and the other with pulmonary abscess due to Haemophilus influenzae (other than type b), failed to respond to the MK-0787/MK-0791 therapy. The serum half-life of MK-0787 was 0.892 hour in children with normal renal functions. An episode of convulsions in a case of sepsis with bacterial croup and brain edema was considered to be associated with the MK-0787/MK-0791 therapy. From the present study, MK-0787/MK-0791 appears a safe and effective antibiotic when used in children with a variety of bacterial infections.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of imipenem/cilastatin sodium in children]. 346 75

Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies of imipenem/cilastatin sodium (MK-0787/MK-0791), a newly developed combined antibiotic in a 1:1 ratio, were performed in the field of pediatrics. The MK-0787/MK-0791 was administered to 15 children. Ten and 20 mg/kg doses of MK-0787 were administered by a intravenous drip infusion for 30 minutes to 3 children each. In the remaining 9 cases, MK-0787 doses of 10, 20 and 30 mg/kg were administered to 3 children each by a 1 hour intravenous drip infusion. Levels of MK-0787 and MK-0791 in plasma, urine and urinary recovery rate of the drugs were also determined. In addition, MK-0787/MK-0791 was administered to a total of 29 children; 2 children with bronchitis, 16 with pneumonia, 4 with UTI, 2 with purulent lymphadenitis and 1 child each with tonsillitis, septicemia suspected disease, peritonitis, staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome and osteomyelitis/bacteremia. The average single dose was 15.3 mg/kg of MK-0787 and administrations were performed by 20-60 minutes intravenous drip infusion 3-4 times daily for an average period of 6 days. The clinical and bacteriological effects of this drug were evaluated in these cases and adverse reactions and unusual laboratory findings were also studied in a total of 33 cases including 4 other drop-out cases. Results of these studies were summarized as follows. In 6 children, 3 each who were given doses of 10 or 20 mg/kg, the mean peak plasma concentrations of the drugs were found at the end of the 30 minutes-infusion with values of 35.20 and 74.90 micrograms/ml for MK-0787 and 44.85 and 93.32 micrograms/ml for MK-0791 after the dose of 10 and 20 mg/kg, respectively. The peak plasma levels of MK-0791 were approximately 1.3 times higher than those of MK-0787 and higher peak levels were observed in the groups with larger doses of either drugs. In the 10 mg/kg group, the mean half-lives of MK-0787 and MK-0791 were 0.97 and 0.71 hour, respectively and those values were 0.89 and 0.63 hour, respectively in the 20 mg/kg group. In both group, MK-0787 tended to have longer half-lives than MK-0791. In 9 children, 3 each who were administered doses of 10, 20 and 30 mg/kg by a 1 hour intravenous drip infusion had the highest plasma levels for both MK-0787 and MK-0791 at the end of the infusion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies of imipenem/cilastatin sodium in the pediatric field]. 346 84

Fundamental and clinical studies on cefuzonam (L-105, CZON), a newly semisynthesized cephem antibiotic, were carried out in the field of pediatrics and the following results were obtained. Antibacterial activities of CZON against clinically isolated strains of Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, S. pyogenes, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Haemophilus parainfluenzae and H. influenzae were compared with those of cefmenoxime (CMX), latamoxef (LMOX), cefoperazone (CPZ), cefmetazole (CMZ), cefotiam (CTM) and cefazolin (CEZ). CZON was nearly as active as CEZ against S. aureus and S. epidermidis and superior to other antibiotics against other Gram-positive cocci. Against Gram-negative rods, CZON was as active as CMX and superior to other 5 antibiotics compared. Serum concentrations and urinary excretion rates after intravenous bolus injection of CZON at doses of 10 mg/kg, 20 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg for 5 minutes in 1, 5 and 4 cases, respectively, were determined. Mean serum concentrations of CZON at these dose levels were 11.0, 43.8 and 111.5 micrograms/ml at 15 minutes, 2.4, 10.3 and 30.3 micrograms/ml at 1 hour and 0.17, 0.72 and 1.28 micrograms/ml at 4 hours, with serum half-lives of 1.79, 0.88 and 1.19 hours, respectively. Mean cumulative urinary excretion rates within 6 hours after administration were 47.9, 56.3 and 40.3%, respectively. Thirty-four pediatric patients with various bacterial infections (tonsillitis 2, acute bronchitis 1, pneumonia 14, pyothorax 1, sepsis 1, suppurative lymphadenitis 1, UTI 13 and enteritis 1) were treated with CZON at a daily dose of 40-94 mg/kg t.i.d. or q.i.d.. The overall clinical efficacy rate was 94.1%. No adverse reactions were observed except 2 cases with mild diarrhea. Abnormal laboratory findings were also mild; slight elevation of GOT and GPT in 2, eosinophilia in 1 and thrombocytosis in 1. These results clearly indicate the usefulness of CZON in the treatment of bacterial infections in children.
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PMID:[Fundamental and clinical studies on cefuzonam in the field of pediatrics]. 359 89

Clinical studies were performed on cefuzonam (L-105, CZON), a new cephem antibiotic, as follows. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum concentrations. CSF and serum concentrations of CZON were measured in 1 case of septic arthritis without meningitis. One hour after 50 mg/kg intravenous bolus injection, the CSF and serum concentrations were 0.10 and 18.1 micrograms/ml, respectively, and CSF to serum concentration ratio was 0.55%. Clinical efficacy CZON was administered to 15 patients in doses ranging 54.5 approximately 212.4 mg/kg/day (94.1 mg/kg/day on average) t.i.d. or q.i.d. for 4 approximately 12 days (6.5 days on average). Of those patients, 9 were with pneumonia, one each was with bronchitis, with tonsillitis, with septic arthritis, with septicemia, with purulent meningitis and with urinary tract infection. The overall efficacy rate was 100%, i.e., efficacy was excellent in 12, good in 3. Bacteriological efficacy was excellent, i.e., 8 of 8 strains were eradicated. Side effects were observed in 2 cases, i.e., one case with loose stool and another with eruption. Laboratory abnormalities to the drug were not observed during the treatment. The above results suggested that CZON would be a useful antibiotic for treating pediatric bacterial infections.
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PMID:[Clinical experience with cefuzonam in bacterial infection of children]. 359 93

Studies were carried out on the penetration of cefuzonam (L-105, CZON), a new synthetic cephalosporin antibiotic, into cerebrospinal fluid, and on the clinical efficacy against bacterial infections. The results are summarized as follows: Concentrations of CZON in cerebrospinal fluid at 1 hour after intravenous administration of 100 mg/kg in cases of furunculosis of the external canal, encephalitis and mumps meningitis were 0.56 micrograms/ml, 1.44 micrograms/ml and 0.33 micrograms/ml, respectively. Concentrations of CZON in cerebrospinal fluid at 1 hour after intravenous administration of 100 mg/kg in 3 cases of purulent meningitis were 2.80-6.40 micrograms/ml at the acute stage and 0.56-1.45 micrograms/ml even at the recovering stage. Sensitivities of clinically isolated strains to CZON were determined and expressed as MIC. MICs of CZON on Haemophilus influenzae, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis and Klebsiella pneumoniae were similar to MIC's of cefmenoxime (CMX), and lower than those of cefoperazone (CPZ), cefmetazole (CMZ), cefatiam (CTM) and Cefazolin (CEZ). The MIC of CZON on Staphylococcus aureus was similar to those of CEZ, CMZ and CTM, and lower than those of CMX and CPZ. Clinical responses of CZON were good in 2 cases of purulent meningitis, good in 2 cases of pyothorax, excellent in 1 case of septicemia, excellent in 3 cases of urinary tract infections, excellent in 7 cases and good in 3 cases out of 10 cases of pneumonia. Clinical responses of other diseases were excellent in 4 cases of bronchitis, good in 1 case of furunculosis of the external canal, excellent in 1 case of tonsillitis. No side effects nor abnormal laboratory findings were observed except 2 cases of mild diarrhea out of 24 cases.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of cefuzonam in pediatrics and a study on the penetration into cerebrospinal fluid]. 361 85

Penetration of aspoxicillin (ASPC), a new semisynthetic penicillin, to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and clinical studies against bacterial infections were carried out and the following results were obtained. The concentration of ASPC in CSF was below 1 microgram/ml at 1 hour after intravenous administration of about 50 mg/kg dose to 2 cases of aseptic meningitis on the acute stage. The concentration of ASPC in CSF was above 10 micrograms/ml at 1 hour after intravenous administration of about 80 mg/kg dose to 3 cases of purulent meningitis on the acute stage, and was above 2 micrograms/ml even on the recovering stage. On each stage, its concentration was more than minimum inhibitory concentration of H. influenzae (less than or equal to 0.05 microgram/ml; at inoculum size of 10(6) cells/ml). Clinical efficacy of ASPC was good in all 3 cases of purulent meningitis, excellent in 3 cases, good in 3 cases and poor in 1 case out of 7 cases of septicemia, good in 2 cases and poor in 1 case out of 3 cases of gastroenteritis, respectively. And clinical efficacy of other diseases were excellent or good, that were 2 cases of tonsillitis, 2 cases of soft tissue abscess, 1 case of purulent lymphadenitis and 1 case of urinary tract infection, respectively. Side effects were mild eosinophilia in only 2 cases out of 22 cases.
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PMID:[Clinical study and trial of penetration to the cerebrospinal fluid of aspoxicillin in the pediatric field]. 387 21

Clinical application to ascertain the effects of aspoxicillin (ASPC), a new semisynthetic penicillin antibiotic, upon several infectious diseases of children was performed in 7 cases with pneumonia, 5 cases with acute bronchitis, each case with tonsillitis, enterocolitis, urinary tract infection and suspected sepsis. ASPC was injected by drip infusion and the dosage was 63-117 mg/kg/day in 3 and 4 times a day. Clinical efficacy obtained as "excellent" was in 7 cases, "good" in 8 cases "poor" in 1 case, and efficacy rate was 93.8%. From the bacteriological point of view, eliminated in each of H. influenzae, H. parainfluenzae, group A beta-Streptococcus and unchanged in a case of E. coli. There were transient thrombocytopenia in 2 cases and eosinophilia in 3 cases.
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PMID:[The therapeutic effects of aspoxicillin on various infectious diseases in children]. 406 26

Clinical usage of aztreonam (AZT), a newly synthesized antibiotic which belongs to monobactam, was evaluated for its efficacy and safety in 22 patients aged from 1 month-old to 13 year-5 month-old with bacterial infections and the following results were obtained. AZT was administered to 4 patients with pyelonephritis and 10 patients with tonsillitis at a daily dosage of 40.4-120.9 mg/kg and to 5 patients with clinical sepsis associated with agranulocytosis caused by intensive antileukemic therapy at a daily dosage of 142.4-171.4 mg/kg, divided into 3 or 4, by intravenous injection or by 30 minutes drip infusion. The clinical results of these 19 evaluable patients were as follows: excellent; 10 cases, good; 5 cases, fair; 2 cases, poor; 2 cases. The over all efficacy rate was 78.9% and that of pyelonephritis and tonsillitis was 100.0%. No clinical side effects were observed in any 23 patients, including a patient who proved to be suffering from Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection, and no abnormal laboratory findings caused by AZT was noticed. The MICs of AZT against 9 strains isolated from patients with pyelonephritis and those with tonsillitis were as follows: MICs against all of 3 strains of K. pneumoniae were less than 0.05 microgram/ml. MICs against 2 out of 4 strains of H. influenzae were less than 0.05 microgram/ml and those of the remaining 2 strains were 0.10 microgram/ml. MIC against 1 strain of S. aureus was 1.56 microgram/ml. MIC against 1 strain of S. epidermidis was more than 100 micrograms/ml.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of aztreonam in children]. 409 60

The penetration of aztreonam (AZT), a new synthetic monobactam, into cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and the clinical studies for bacterial infections were carried out. The following results were obtained. The concentrations of AZT in CSF were less than 0.31 microgram/ml and 0.42 microgram/ml, respectively, at 1 hour after intravenous administration of 34 mg/kg and 71 mg/kg in 2 cases of aseptic meningitis at the acute stage. The concentration of AZT in CSF was 6.9 micrograms/ml at 1 hour after intravenous administration of 100 mg/kg in 1 case of purulent meningitis at the acute stage and was 0.62-0.98 micrograms/ml even at the recovering stage. At each stage, its concentration was more than the minimum inhibitory concentration of E. coli (0.10, less than 0.05 microgram/ml; at inoculum size of 10(8), 10(6) cells/ml). Clinical efficacy of AZT was good in 2 cases of purulent meningitis, excellent in 1 case of septicemia, excellent in 5 cases of urinary tract infection, excellent in 1 case and good in 3 cases out of 4 cases of gastroenteritis, excellent in 4 cases and poor in 2 cases out of 6 cases of pneumonia and bronchitis, excellent in 2 cases and good in 1 case out of 3 cases of tonsillitis. No side effects and no abnormal laboratory findings were observed except 1 case of mild diarrhea out of 21 cases.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation on aztreonam in pediatric field and fundamental study on its penetration into cerebrospinal fluid]. 409 65


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