Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0040425 (tonsillitis)
 1,594 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Post-streptococcal complications are known to be common among Ethiopian children. Little is known, however, about the epidemiology of beta-haemolytic streptococci in Ethiopia. A total of 816 children were studied during a one-year period: 24 cases of acute rheumatic fever (ARF), 44 chronic rheumatic heart disease (CRHD), 44 acute post streptococcal glomerulonephritis (APSGN), 143 tonsillitis, 55 impetigo, and 506 were apparently healthy children. Both ARF and APSGN occurred throughout the year with two peaks during the rainy and cold seasons. The female:male ratio among ARF patients was 1.4:1 and 1:1.9 among APSGN. The monthly carrier rate of beta-haemolytic streptococci group A varied from 7.5-39%, average being 17%. T type 2 was the most frequent serotype. Marked seasonal fluctuations were noted in the distribution of serogroups among apparently healthy children. Beta-haemolytic streptococci group A dominated during the hot and humid months of February-May. Strains were susceptible to commonly used antibiotics, except for tetracycline.
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PMID:A one-year study of streptococcal infections and their complications among Ethiopian children. 139 12

Streptococcal infection is a rarely recognized cause of nonrheumatic perimyocarditis. We report a case of a young patient who developed acute perimyocarditis as manifested by diffuse electrocardiogram changes, and markedly elevated cardiac enzymes, concurrently with streptococcal tonsillitis. Despite the dramatic presentation, the patient recovered uneventfully. We conclude that streptococci can involve the heart also directly by a bacterial component or toxin, and not only through a delayed immunologic mechanism as in rheumatic fever. Further studies are necessary to accurately determine the incidence of myocardial involvement during early stages of streptococcal infection.
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PMID:Acute nonrheumatic perimyocarditis complicating streptococcal tonsillitis. 207 Mar 73

A molecular epidemiology analysis was performed with over 440 clinical isolates of Streptococcus pyogenes obtained from 11 different countries in order to determine the frequency of occurrence of the type A streptococcal exotoxin (erythrogenic toxin) gene (speA) among group A strains. The colony hybridization technique employing a specific internal fragment of the speA gene was used for initial screening, and all positive results were further confirmed by the Southern hybridization technique. Among over 300 general strains obtained from patients with a variety of diseases, except scarlet fever (such as tonsillitis, impetigo, cellulitis, pyoderma, abscess, rheumatic fever, and glomerulonephritis), 15% were found to contain the speA gene. Among a group of 146 strains obtained from individuals described as having scarlet fever, 45% were shown to contain the speA gene. Further analysis of the data indicated that strains with certain M- or T-type surface antigens showed a higher (such as M and T types 1 and 3/13) or lower (such as M2, M12, T4, T5, and T28) tendency to contain the speA gene. No correlation was found between speA content of a strain and the ability to cause a specific disease, although strains possessing the speA gene were more likely to be associated with scarlet fever and rheumatic fever than with other types of disease.
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PMID:Molecular epidemiologic analysis of the type A streptococcal exotoxin (erythrogenic toxin) gene (speA) in clinical Streptococcus pyogenes strains. 255 12

Two young men with streptococcal tonsillitis had acute myopericarditis mimicking myocardial infarction. Subsequently, 264 consecutive army conscripts hospitalized with a fever and sore throat underwent throat cultures. Group A streptococci were found in 84 patients. When these patients were systematically screened by serial electrocardiography for myocarditis, one case of probable asymptomatic myocarditis was diagnosed. None had signs of acute rheumatic fever. All three patients received penicillin therapy when the signs of myocarditis appeared. Their recovery was good.
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PMID:Streptococcal tonsillitis and acute nonrheumatic myopericarditis. 264 89

'Upper limits of normal' antistreptolysin-O (ASO) titres were determined in various age groups in Saudi Arabia using the conventional haemolysin and the newer, passive agglutination (Blue-ASO) tests. The upper limit of normal values were found to vary with age, being the highest (166 Todd units or 1:320) among the school age children. Serum samples from 744 patients with various clinical manifestations associated with streptococcal infections such as rheumatic fever, glomerulonephritis, tonsillitis, rheumatoid arthritis and polyarthritis were tested by both methods, with the geometric mean titres (GMT) being determined in each age group. In case of school age children with suspected rheumatic fever, and found positive by the tests, a GMT of 458 Todd units (1:1080) was obtained--much higher than the ASO levels detected in positives with glomerulonephritis or tonsillitis. Apart from its relative simplicity, rapidity and ease of performance, the Blue-ASO test was able to detect positivity in 15% of sera from patients of various age groups with suspected rheumatic fever, polyarthritis and tonsillitis who exhibited insignificant levels of ASO by the haemolysin test.
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PMID:Tests for streptolysin-O antibodies in health and suspected streptococcal infections in Saudi Arabia. 358 90

An account is given of assessed titres of anti-streptolysin O (ASO) and antihyaluronidase (AH) in rheumatic fever, in rheumatic patients of inactive phase and in tonsillitis. The ASO titre was examined in 1739 members of the general public and in 360 patients with chronic rheumatic diseases. The author analyses 6235 examinations of ASO titres and 1210 AH examinations. In rheumatic fever the mean maximum ASO titre was 397 u, while the mean maximum AH titre was 3583 u. In inactive phase rheumatic patients the mean ASO titre was 187 u, the mean AH titre 630 u. The mean ASO titre at the onset of the disease in tonsillitis was 172 u. During the second examination after 3-4 weeks, the mean rise of the ASO titre was 205 u. A increased AH titre above 1280 u was recorded during the first examination in 35.2%, during the second examination in 52.3%. The mean ASO titre in the population group comprising 1739 subjects was 148 u. A titre increased above 200 u was recorded in 20.7%. The mean ASO titre in rheumatoid arthritis was 139 u, in ankylosing spondylitis 199 u, in systemic lupus erythematosus and diffuse scleroderma 128 u. In all groups the ASO and AH levels were inversely proportional to the age of the examined subject. Attention is drawn to the correct evaluation of the assessed antibody titres.
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PMID:[Streptococcus antibodies in a rural population and in patients with inflammatory rheumatic diseases]. 387 41

Two weeks following streptococcal tonsillitis two patients developed migratory arthralgia, fever and pericarditic chest pain, followed by an episode of severe coronary retrosternal pressure. The ECG during the latter episodes revealed ST elevation in the inferior wall leads, followed later by the appearance of pathological Q waves in the same leads which persisted for only a few days. Radionuclide scans and echocardiographic studies revealed localized involvement of the inferior left ventricle in both cases and, in addition, involvement of the right ventricle in have been suggested to explain the co-occurrence of viral myopericarditis and myocardial infarction (MI)-like picture during acute rheumatic fever can be explained either by coronary vasculitis resulting in myocardial ischemia, or by direct involvement of the myocardium because of an inflammatory process. Both mechanisms have been suggested to explain the co-occurrence of viral myopericarditis and myocardial necrosis. The transient Q waves were probably produced by stunning of the myocytes during the acute phase of the disease. Increased awareness will probably result in detection of similar cases and may contribute to understanding the pathogenesis of the MI-like picture of acute rheumatic fever.
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PMID:Rheumatic carditis presenting as acute myocardial infarction. 401 30

In a prospective study, during a period of 1 year, 1,116 children over 1 year of age, with acute pharyngitis-tonsillitis, were examined by a group of Swiss pediatricians. Throat swabs were cultured for the presence of group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus, and treatment was withheld pending results in most cases. The throat swab cultures were positive in 29.6% of the cases. There were no incidences of acute glomerulonephritis, acute rheumatic fever or severe purulent local complications. The findings confirm the recommendations in the American literature concerning clinic, diagnosis and management, and they can be applied in Switzerland.
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PMID:Streptococcal pharyngitis-tonsillitis in Swiss children. Diagnosis and management. 701 49

We studied the possibility of detecting beta-hemolytic streptococcal infections by determining antibodies against the group specific polysaccharides from streptococci of groups A, A-variant, C and G. The methods used were radio-immunoassay with these four polysaccharides and hemagglutination of group A polysaccharide sensitized erythrocytes. Significant increases in these antibodies were rare in tonsillitis patients, whereas high concentrations of antibodies could often be observed in association with severe systemic infections or rheumatic fever. Both strictly immunogen-restricted and crossreactive antibodies could be demonstrated by isoelectric focusing and inhibition of antigen-binding. Although previously considered nonexistent, group specific carbohydrate antibodies of IgM class could also be demonstrated.
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PMID:Occurrence and specificity of antibodies against group-specific polysaccharides in beta-hemolytic streptococcal infections. 703 3

Recurrent group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus (GABHS) pharyngotonsillitis related to penicillin failure presents a serious clinical problem. Failure to eradicate streptococci from patients can occasionally lead to rheumatic fever and rarely to glomerulonephritis. beta-lactamase-producing strains of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria in inflamed tonsils have been associated with increased failure rates of penicillins in the eradication of these infections. These organisms include Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus influenzae and H parainfluenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Fusobacterium sp, and pigmented Prevotella and Porphyromonas spp. The indirect pathogenicity of these organisms is apparent in their ability not only to survive penicillin therapy but also to protect penicillin-susceptible pathogens from that drug. These organisms have demonstrated the ability to protect GABHS in vitro and in vivo from penicillin. Numerous reports have described the successful therapy of recurrent GABHS tonsillitis with antimicrobials directed at both GABHS and the beta-lactamase-producing organisms.
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PMID:Penicillin failure and copathogenicity in streptococcal pharyngotonsillitis. 830 10


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