Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0040425 (tonsillitis)
 1,594 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In order to clinically evaluate S-6437, the following study was carried out in pediatric patients. This clinical study was performed in 30 patients ranging from 2 years and one month to 10 years and one month of age. Seven patients had scarlet fever, 3 acute pharyngitis, 4 acute suppurative tonsillitis, 6 acute bronchitis, 2 acute pneumonia, 3 acute pyelonephritis, 1 chronic pyelonephritis, 2 vaginitis, 1 acute gastro-enteritis, and 1 impetigo. The degree of these diseases were all mild or moderate. These patients were orally administered 35 approximately 50 mg/kg/day in two divided doses for 3 approximately 10 days. As a result, effectiveness of this preparation in these patients was 80% and no side effects were observed.
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PMID:[Study of S-6437 (sustained release cephalexin) in pediatrics (author's transl)]. 91 92

Bacteriological, pharmacokinetic and clinical studies on cefpodoxime proxetil (CPDX-PR, CS-807), a new oral cephem antibiotic, were carried out in the field of pediatrics. The results obtained are summarized as follows. 1. Antibacterial activities of R-3746 (Na-salt of cefpodoxime (CPDX] against clinically isolated strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Branhamella catarrhalis, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis and Haemophilus influenzae were compared with those of cefaclor, cephalexin and cefadroxil. R-3746 is superior to other antibiotics against S. pneumoniae, S. pyogenes, B. catarrhalis and Gram-negative rods. 2. Serum concentrations of CPDX after administration of CPDX-PR at doses of 3 mg/kg (fasting), 6 mg/kg (non-fasting) and 6 mg/kg (fasting) were determined. Mean AUC (area under curve)'s of CPDX obtained were 9.60, 31.35 and 17.89 micrograms.hr/ml, respectively for the 3 dosages. The mean half-lives of CPDX were 3.35, 1.88 and 1.76 hours, respectively. The mean urinary recovery rate within 8 hours after administration of CPDX-PR at a dose of 3 mg/kg (fasting) was 39.2%. 3. CPDX-PR was administered to 37 pediatric patients with various bacterial infections (pyelonephritis 9, cystitis 4, pneumonia 7, acute bronchitis 3, otitis media 2, tonsillitis 10, subcutaneous abscess 1 and purulent lymphadenitis 1). The overall clinical efficacy rate was 91.9% and the overall bacteriological eradication rate was also 91.9%. 4. No adverse reactions were observed. Abnormal laboratory findings were moderate, eosinophilia in 2 and slight elevation of GOT and GPT in 1. The taste and the odor of the CPDX-PR preparation was sufficiently tolerable. From the above results we have concluded that CPDX-PR is a useful oral antibiotic in the treatment of bacterial infections in children.
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PMID:[Bacteriological, pharmacokinetic and clinical studies on cefpodoxime proxetil in the pediatric field]. 256 89

Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies on sulbactam/ampicillin (SBT/ABPC) were carried out in the field of pediatrics. 1. Absorption and excretion Serum levels and urinary excretion of SBT/ABPC were studied in 4 children with ages 6 to 8 years. The mean serum concentration of SBT at 15 minutes following a single intravenous injection of 30 mg/kg of SBT/ABPC was 27.4 +/- 2.2 micrograms/ml and that of ABPC was 42.8 +/- 3.9 micrograms/ml, and their concentrations declined with mean half-lives of 1.06 +/- 0.15 hours and 0.84 +/- 0.05 hour, respectively, and at 6 hours were 0.3 +/- 0.2 microgram/ml and 0.2 +/- 0.1 microgram/ml on the average, respectively. The urinary recovery rates of SBT and ABPC at 6 hours after the injection were 59.0 +/- 22.4% and 58.4 +/- 25.3% on the average, respectively. 2. Clinical study SBT/ABPC was used for the treatment of a total of 36 pediatric patients with ages ranging 2 months to 11 years and it's clinical effectiveness, bacteriological efficacy and adverse effects were evaluated. Clinical efficacies in 5 patients with acute purulent tonsillitis, 26 with acute pneumonia and 1 with acute pyelonephritis were judged to be excellent in 27 cases and good in 5 cases with an overall efficacy ratio of 100.0%. Clinical efficacies in 6 patients whose infections were caused by beta-lactamase producing strains were judged to be excellent in all cases. Bacteriological efficacies of SBT/ABPC were assessed on 1 strain of Staphylococcus aureus (beta-lactamase producing strain), 2 strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae, 16 strains of Haemophilus influenzae (5 beta-lactamase producing strains and 11 non-beta-lactamase producing strains), 1 non-beta-lactamase strain of Haemophilus parainfluenzae and 2 strains of Escherichia coli (non-beta-lactamase producing strains). All strains except 1 strain of H. influenzae (beta-lactamase producing strain) which decreased in number were eradicated with a bacteriological eradication rate of 95.5%. Only 1 patient complained of diarrhea which was suspected to be related to the drug. No other side effect was reported. Elevations of GOT and GPT were observed in only 1 patient. The above results suggested that SBT/ABPC was a useful drug with preferable safety profile in the treatment for pediatric patients with infectious disease caused by beta-lactamase producing strains as well as those by non-beta-lactamase producing strains.
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PMID:[Studies on sulbactam/ampicillin in the field of pediatrics]. 266 50

Sulbactam/Ampicillin (SBT/ABPC), a combination at a fixed ratio of ABPC and SBT which is an irreversible inhibitor of beta-lactamase in a 2:1 ratio, was clinically evaluated for its efficacy and safety in 24 patients with ages from 5 month-old to 12 years old with bacterial infection. The results obtained are summarized as follows. 1. A pharmacokinetic study following 30 mg/kg SBT/ABPC administration by 30 minutes drip infusion or intravenous bolus injection showed that mean half-lives of SBT and ABPC were 48.9 minutes and 40.2 minutes, respectively, and mean urinary excretion rates of SBT and ABPC in the first 6 hours were 67.1% and 48.3%, respectively. 2. SBT/ABPC was administered to 14 patients with bronchopneumonia, 4 patients with tonsillitis, a patient each with acute upper respiratory infection, with submandibular lymphadenitis, with phlegmon, with enterocolitis, with pyelonephritis and with cystitis at a daily dosage of 88.2-133.3 mg/kg, divided into 3 or 4, by intravenous bolus injection or by 30 minutes drip infusion. Clinical responses of the 24 patients were as follows: excellent: 17 patients, good: 7 patients. The efficacy rate was 100%. 3. Neither clinical adverse reactions nor abnormal laboratory test values, except slight eosinophilia in a patient and an elevation of GOT, GPT in another were observed. 4. MICs of SBT/ABPC against 7 strong beta-lactamase producing strains isolated from some of the patients were as follows. MIC against a strain of Staphylococcus aureus was 3.13 micrograms/ml, MICs against 2 out of 5 strains of Branhamella catarrhalis were 0.10 microgram/ml and those of the remaining 3 strains were 0.20 microgram/ml. MIC against a strain of Haemophilus parainfluenzae was 3.13 micrograms/ml. 5. These data described above show that SBT/ABPC has excellent bactericidal capacity against beta-lactamase producing bacteria as well as beta-lactamase non-producing Gram-positive and negative bacteria and suggest that SBT/ABPC is a very useful antibiotic for pediatric patients.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of sulbactam/ampicillin in children]. 266 51

The clinical effectiveness of cefteram pivoxil (CFTM-PI) granule, a new oral cephalosporin, was studied in pediatric patients. The results are summarized as follows. 1. CFTM-PI was given orally to 17 children in daily doses of 9.5 to 31.8 mg/kg in 3 to 4 divided portions for 2 to 10 days. Clinical evaluations were made on 14 patients. Clinical effects of CFTM-PI were excellent in 4, good in 5 of 9 patients with tonsillitis or pharyngitis, excellent in all cases of 2 patients with pneumonia, 1 patient with scarlet fever and 1 patient with pyelonephritis, and fair in 1 patient with purulent cervical lymphadenitis. Overall clinical effects were excellent in 8, good in 5, and fair in 1 with an efficacy rate of 92.9%. 2. No side effects were observed in any of the 17 patients. Hematological tests showed a slight elevation of blood platelet counts in 1 patient. 3. The taste and odor of CFTM-PI granule were well accepted by the children. 4. CFTM-PI is a useful oral antibiotic for the treatment of bacterial infections in pediatrics.
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PMID:[A clinical study on cefteram pivoxil granule in the field of pediatrics]. 281 Jul 61

Flomoxef (FMOX, 6315-S), a newly synthesized antibiotic which belongs to the oxacephem group, was clinically evaluated for its efficacy and safety in 17 patients with ages ranging from 1 month to 9 year-8-month who had bacterial infections. The results obtained were summarized as follows. 1. A pharmacokinetic study following 20 mg/kg FMOX administration by intravenous bolus injection showed that the half-life of FMOX (beta phase) was 39.8 minutes and the urinary excretion of FMOX in the first 6 hours was 76.5%. 2. FMOX was administered to 3 patients with pneumonia, 8 patients with bronchopneumonia, 2 patients with tonsillitis, 2 patients with pyelonephritis, one patient each with cervical lymphadenitis, and pustulosis associated with severe varicella at daily dosage levels of 61.9 approximately 87.2 mg/kg, divided into 3 or 4 administrations by intravenous bolus injection or by 30 minutes drip infusion. The clinical results of these 17 patients were as follows; excellent: 14 patients, good: 2 patients, poor: 1 patient. The efficacy rate was 94.1%. 3. No clinical adverse reaction was observed in any of the 17 patients. Neutropenia, eosinophilia, a slight elevation of GPT and slight elevations of GOT & GPT were observed in 1, 1, 1, and 2 patients, respectively. No abnormality in coagulation system was observed in any of 10 evaluable patients. 4. MICs of FMOX against 13 strains isolated from patients were as follows. MIC against 2 out of 3 strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae was 0.20 micrograms/ml and that of the remaining 1 strain was 0.39 micrograms/ml.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Clinical studies of flomoxef in the field of pediatrics]. 343 Jul 17

Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies on imipenem (MK-0787)/cilastatin sodium (MK-0791), a combined drug of carbapenem antibiotics (MK-0787) and renal depeptidase inhibitor (MK-0791) in a 1:1 ratio, were performed in the field of pediatrics. Absorption and excretion Serum levels and urinary excretion of MK-0787/MK-0791 were determined in 7 children aged 4 to 11 years. Four cases were administered with a single dose of MK-0787/MK-0791 at 10 mg/10 mg/kg by intravenous drip infusion and the other 3 cases were given a single dose of 20 mg/20 mg/kg. Serum concentrations of MK-0787 reached their peaks at the end of drip infusion where the mean level was 17.5 +/- 1.0 micrograms/ml for the group given 10 mg/10 mg/kg, and 43.6 +/- 2.1 micrograms/ml for the group given 20 mg/20 mg/kg. Concentrations decreased with half-lives of 0.82 +/- 0.10 hour and 0.74 +/- 0.04 hour for the low and high doses, respectively, and serum levels at 6 hours after administration were 0.3 +/- 0.1 microgram/ml and 0.4 +/- 0.1 microgram/ml, respectively. Peak concentrations of MK-0791 were 22.6 +/- 4.8 micrograms/ml in the 10 mg/10 mg/kg group and 52.9 +/- 4.7 micrograms/ml in the 20 mg/20 mg/kg group at the end of the drip infusion. Half-lives were 0.56 +/- 0.17 hour and 0.46 +/- 0.11 hour for the 2 doses, respectively while MK-0791 levels were below detection limit at 6 hours after administration. Mean urinary recovery rates in 6 hours after administration were 54.0 +/- 15.3% and 49.3 +/- 7.8% for MK-0787 and MK-0791, respectively, in the group of 10 mg/10 mg/kg, and 62.0 +/- 7.4% and 65.3 +/- 9.2%, respectively, in the group of 20 mg/20 mg/kg. These results showed that pharmacokinetics of MK-0787 and MK-0791 in children were similar to that in adults. Clinical study MK-0787/MK-0791 was used for treatment in a total of 22 pediatric patients to evaluate clinical effectiveness, bacteriological efficacy and adverse reactions. Each of patients was treated 3 or 4 times per day at a single dose of 11.4-22.8 mg/kg (of MK-0787). Duration of treatment ranged from 2.5 to 18 days and total doses ranged from 1.36 to 19.92 g. Clinical efficacy in cases including 2 with acute purulent tonsillitis, 1 with acute purulent otitis media, 9 with acute pneumonia, 1 with pythorax, 3 with acute purulent lymphadenitis, and 6 with acute pyelonephritis were judged excellent in 20 cases and good in 2 cases; an efficacy rate of 100%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[Studies on imipenem/cilastatin sodium in the field of pediatrics]. 346 82

Cefuzonam (L-105, CZON), a new parenteral cephalosporin, was evaluated for its efficacy and safety in 22 children with bacterial infections (Table 1). The results obtained are summarized below. MICs of CZON to 26 strains of isolated organisms are shown in Table 2. MICs to all 14 strains of Haemophilus influenzae and 6 strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae were less than 0.05 microgram/ml. The MIC to 2 strains of Staphylococcus aureus was 0.39 microgram/ml and that to another was 0.78 microgram/ml. Two strains of Escherichia coli showed MICs of less than 0.05 and 0.10 microgram/ml, respectively. The MIC to 1 strain of Enterococcus faecalis was 6.25 micrograms/ml. The CZON was administered in 3 or 4 divided doses at a daily dosage ranging from 58.5 to 85.7 mg/kg by 30-minute drip infusion or intravenous injection to 22 patients (9 cases of pneumonia, 9 cases of tonsillitis, 2 cases of bronchitis, 1 case each of suppurative parotitis and acute pyelonephritis) and the following clinical results were obtained; excellent: 12 cases; good: 7 cases; fair: 3 cases. The overall efficacy rate was 86% (Table 4). Diarrhea was observed in four patients, and was resolved with or without discontinuation of the medication within a week. Anemia was noted in 2 cases. Leucopenia and neutropenia was observed in 1 case. There were a moderate rises in S-GOT and S-GPT activities in 1 patient (Table 4), and they necessitated the cessation of the CZON therapy. The S-GOT and S-GPT activities became normal after the drug treatment was stopped.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of cefuzonam in children]. 359 88

The authors have carried out the pharmacokinetic and clinical studies of cefminox (CMNX, MT-141). The results were as follows: CMNX was given by intravenous drip infusion for 1 hour at a dose of 20 mg/kg b.w. to 2 children. The serum levels of CMNX were 103.02 micrograms/ml and 77.73 micrograms/ml at 1 hour after drip infusion, and the levels at 7 hours were 4.39 micrograms/ml and 4.19 micrograms/ml, respectively. The half life times were 1.20 hours and 1.32 hours, respectively. CSF concentrations of CMNX at 1 hour after drip infusion of a dose of 50 mg/kg in 3 patients with aseptic meningitis were 1.68 micrograms/ml (d.i. for 30 minutes), less than or equal to 0.25 micrograms/ml (d.i. for 1 hour) and 0.51 micrograms/ml (d.i. for 1 hour), respectively. CSF/serum ratios were 1.1% and 0.6%. Clinical efficacy was evaluated in 10 cases with purulent tonsillitis (3 cases), pneumonia (3 cases), pyelonephritis (1 case) and enteritis (3 cases). Excellent and good responses were obtained in all cases. Bacteriological response in the form of eradication was noted 8 of 9 cases. No side effects were observed.
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PMID:[Laboratory and clinical studies of cefminox in the pediatric field]. 383 62

Bacteriological and clinical evaluations of BRL 25000 (1 part clavulanic acid plus 2 parts amoxicillin) granules in the pediatric field have been performed. The MICs of BRL 25000 against 25 clinically isolated strains of S. aureus, 40 E. coli, and 14 K. pneumoniae were compared with those of AMPC. Against beta-lactamase non-producing strains of S. aureus and E. coli, the MICs of both drugs were nearly equal, however, against beta-lactamase producing strains of these species and K. pneumoniae, BRL 25000 was superior to AMPC. The blood levels of AMPC and CVA after single oral administration of approximately 15 mg/kg of BRL 25000 granules to fasted children were studied in 3 subjects. The mean levels of AMPC and CVA peaked about 1 hour after administration at values of 11.40 and 5.49 micrograms/ml, respectively, with half-lives of 0.91 and 1.02 hours, and AUCs of 23.52 and 12.66 hr X micrograms/ml, respectively. The 6-hour urinary recovery of AMPC ranged from 30.59% to 52.03% and for CVA from 16.31% to 45.18%. There was no significant difference between the blood level of AMPC following single oral administration of approximately 10 mg/kg AMPC granules and that of AMPC following single oral administration of approximately 15 mg/kg BRL 25000 granules to the same children. Clinical evaluation of BRL 25000 granules administered orally 3-4 times a day at total daily doses of between 42.9-52.9 mg/kg resulted in improvement, judged excellent or good, in all 7 cases of tonsillitis and 2 cases of pyelonephritis. In particular, the clinical effect was excellent in the case of tonsillitis where a beta-lactamase producing H. influenzae was isolated. In the total 11 cases treated, including 2 cases of mycoplasmal pneumonia excluded from the clinical evaluation, 1 case of rash and eosinophilia was observed. No other adverse reactions or abnormal laboratory findings were observed. The taste and flavor of the drug were well accepted by the children. It was concluded that BRL 25000 granules are promising new drug which should be markedly useful in the treatment of infections in pediatric outpatients.
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PMID:[Bacteriological and clinical evaluation of BRL 25000 (clavulanic acid-amoxicillin) granules in the pediatric field]. 384 23


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