Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0040425 (tonsillitis)
 1,594 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A total of 560 patients were treated in two double-blind, randomized multicenter studies to compare the safety and efficacy of cefixime (400 mg administered once daily) and amoxicillin (250 or 500 mg administered three times daily) for the treatment of bacterial respiratory tract infections. Eighty percent of the 244 patients treated in the lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) study had acute bronchitis. Streptococcus pneumoniae (13 percent), Haemophilus influenzae (28 percent), and Escherichia coli (10 percent) were the pathogens most frequently isolated from sputum in these patients. Among evaluable patients with positive bacterial culture results at baseline, a favorable clinical response (cured or improved) was obtained in 100 percent of the cefixime-treated patients (22 of 22) and in 96 percent of the amoxicillin-treated patients (23 of 24). Bacteriologic eradication rates were 100 percent and 83 percent for cefixime and amoxicillin, respectively. In the upper respiratory tract infections (URTI) study, 316 patients with pharyngitis (80 percent) or tonsillitis (14 percent) were treated. Group A, beta-hemolytic Streptococcus (69 percent) and H. influenzae (8 percent) were the pathogens most frequently isolated from the throat culture specimens of these patients. Favorable clinical results were obtained in 99 percent of the evaluable cefixime-treated group (n = 73) and in 98 percent of the amoxicillin-treated group (n = 66). The bacteriologic eradication rates were 93 percent and 100 percent, respectively. The adverse experiences reported during both studies were similar in nature and frequency to those reported for other beta-lactam antibiotics with the exception of a higher incidence of altered bowel movement (diarrhea and stool changes) with both drugs. These episodes usually resolved without remedial medication when the treatment was withdrawn. No significant adverse laboratory findings were observed. Results of these trials demonstrate that cefixime at a dosage of 400 mg once daily is an effective and safe oral antibiotic for the treatment of acute respiratory tract infections.
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PMID:Comparative, multicenter studies of cefixime and amoxicillin in the treatment of respiratory tract infections. 304 92

We have carried out laboratory and clinical studies on rokitamycin (RKM, TMS-19-Q). The results are summarized as follows. Serum and urinary concentrations of RKM were determined in 6 children with ages between 6 and 12 years given single oral doses of 5, 10 and 15 mg/kg. Mean serum concentrations peaked at 30 minutes after administration of 5, 10 and 15 mg/kg, and respective peak values were 0.30 microgram/ml, 0.79 microgram/ml and 1.32 micrograms/ml. Biological half-lives for 5, 10 and 15 mg/kg were 2.0 hours, 1.65 hours and 1.36 hours. The 6-hour urinary recovery ranged from 1.11% to 2.58% after administration of 5 mg/kg, and the mean 6-hour urinary recoveries were 1.35% after administration of 10 mg/kg and 2.28% after administration of 15 mg/kg. Therapeutic responses were recorded as excellent or good in 22 (73.3%) of the children, comprising 6 with tonsillitis, 2 with pharyngitis, 4 with bronchitis, 1 with bronchopneumonia, 1 with Mycoplasma pneumonia, 2 with whooping cough, 5 with streptococcal infections, 5 with Campylobacter enteritis, 3 with impetigo and 1 with SSSS. The microbiological effectiveness of RKM on identified pathogens comprising 4 strains of Staphylococcus aureus, 1 strain of Streptococcus pneumoniae, 6 strains of Streptococcus pyogenes, 4 strains of Haemophilus influenzae and 5 strains of Campylobacter spp. was not so satisfactory as evidenced by a eradication rate of 50.0%. No significant side effect due to the drug was observed in any cases. In conclusion, RKM was found to be efficacious and safe for the treatment of bacterial infections in children.
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PMID:[Laboratory and clinical studies of rokitamycin in pediatric fields]. 305 Jan 85

Rokitamycin (RKM), a newly developed macrolide antibiotic with a 16-membered ring, dissolves well under acidic conditions. It has been improved over other macrolides to minimize individual variations in its absorbability. We measured, using the GA-test, variations in gastric acidities of 43 children with ages between 1 to 14 years, and investigated the relationship between gastric acidities and pharmacokinetic values. Also activities (expressed in MICs) of antimicrobial agents were studied against clinically isolated 229 bacterial strains using an inoculum size of 10(6) cells/ml. Tested organisms included Streptococcus pyogenes (77 strains), Streptococcus agalactiae (29), Streptococcus pneumoniae (2), as Gram-positive cocci, and Haemophilus influenzae (1), Haemophilus parainfluenzae (1), Bordetella pertussis (12), Salmonella sp. (4) and Campylobacter jejuni (103) as Gram-negative bacilli. Against stock strains of bacteria, MICs of 10 drugs (RKM, erythromycin (EM), josamycin (JM), midecamycin (MDM), midecamycin acetate (MOM), clindamycin (CLDM), amoxicillin (AMPC), cefaclor (CCL), minocycline, ofloxacin (OFLX] were determined. Against isolates from patients who underwent treatment with RKM, MICs of only 4 drugs (RKM, EM, JM, MOM) were determined. Measurements were made on plasma and urinary concentrations of RKM and its urinary recovery rates after patients including 6 boys with ages between 5 years 1 month and 11 years 6 months were administered with RKM (dry syrup). Two groups of 6 boys were administered between meals with RKM at dose levels of 5 and 10 mg/kg, respectively. Clinical and bacteriological effects of RKM were evaluated for 175 patients including 5 cases of pharyngitis, 3 tonsillitis, 32 pneumonia, 17 mycoplasmal pneumonia, 34 atypical pneumonia, 28 streptococcal infections, 29 Campylobacter enteritis, 4 Salmonella gastroenteritis, and 23 enteritis due to unknown organisms. Five drop-out cases were excluded from the evaluations. In the evaluable cases, an average dose level used was 31.8 mg/kg/day, with a daily dose divided into 3 to 4 administrations and with an average treatment duration of 9 days. Adverse reactions of RKM and its effects on laboratory test values were investigated in these patients including the drop out cases. Obtained results of these studies are summarized below. 1. The GA-test produced pH values indicating that amounts of gastric acid were mostly either normal or high in 42 of the 43 subjects tested (97.7%), and only one low acid case (2.3%) was observed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[Microbiological, pharmacokinetic and clinical studies of rokitamycin dry syrup in the pediatric field]. 305 Jan 86

Sixty patients were enrolled in a controlled randomized single-blind study to compare the efficacy and tolerability of 200 mg/day nimesulide and 300 mg/day flurbiprofen given for 7 days, in the treatment of non-infectious acute inflammation of the upper respiratory tract. Patients were diagnosed as follows: pharyngitis, 20 (33.4%) cases; laryngitis 11 (18.3%) cases; tonsillitis, eight (13.3%) cases; and mixed forms, 21 (35.0%) cases. Both drugs showed the same efficacy in reducing mucosal congestion, local redness, fever and sore throat. Nimesulide treatment gave rise to fewer and less severe side-effects than flurbiprofen treatment.
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PMID:Comparison of nimesulide and flurbiprofen in the treatment of non-infectious acute inflammation of the upper respiratory tract. 306 21

Clinical efficacies of a new macrolide antibiotic, rokitamycin (RKM, TMS-19-Q), were studied in acute pediatric infections. Responses to the RKM administration were evaluable in 62 out of 68 patients consisted of 7 patients with pharyngitis (efficacy rate of 85.7%, 6/7 patients), 4 with bronchitis (25.0%, 1/4), 9 with tonsillitis (100%, 9/9), 13 with mycoplasmal pneumonia (100%, 13/13), 13 with hemolytic streptococcal infections (92.3%, 12/13), 14 with pneumonia (57.1%, 8/14), one with pertussis (100%, 1/1) and another with Chlamydia pneumonia (100%, 1/1) thus an overall efficacy rate of 82.3% was achieved. Urticaria was observed in one of the patients as an adverse reaction to the drug, while abnormal laboratory test results were noted in 3 patients, but none of such changes were severe. The drug, even when administered in combination with a theophylline preparation, exerted no effects on the serum concentration of the latter.
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PMID:[Clinical results of a rokitamycin dry syrup in pediatric infections]. 322 32

Pharmacokinetic, bacteriological and clinical studies on sultamicillin (SBTPC) fine granule were carried out in the field of pediatrics. The results obtained are summarized as follows. 1. Antibacterial activities of SBTPC against clinically isolated strains of Haemophilus influenzae, Haemophilus parainfluenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus agalactiae, Staphylococcus aureus, Branhamella catarrhalis, and Escherichia coli were compared with those of ampicillin (ABPC). SBTPC was superior to ABPC especially against beta-lactamase producing H. influenzae, E. coli, S. aureus, and B. catarrhalis. 2. Serum concentrations and urinary excretion rates of sulbactam (SBT) and ABPC after administration of SBTPC fine granule at a dose level of 10 mg/kg in 2 cases were determined. Mean half-lives of SBT and ABPC in the serum following oral administration were about 1.33 and 1.61 hours respectively. Mean urinary recovery rates of SBT and ABPC in 6 hours after oral administration at a dose of 10 mg/kg were 58.7% and 49.6% respectively. 3. SBTPC fine granule was administered to 20 pediatric patients with various bacterial infections (pneumonia 8 cases, bronchitis 2, pharyngitis 2, tonsillitis 4, subcutaneous abscess 1 and urinary tract infection 3). The overall clinical efficacy rate was 100% and the overall bacteriological eradication rate was 75%. 4. No adverse reactions were observed except 1 case of loose stool. No abnormal laboratory test values were observed. These results indicate the usefulness of SBTPC fine granule in the treatment of bacterial infections in children.
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PMID:[Pharmacokinetic, bacteriological and clinical studies of sultamicillin fine granule in pediatric field]. 324 62

The clinical efficacy and the safety of sultamicillin (SBTPC) fine granules, which is a semisynthetic beta-lactam antibiotic for oral use with ester linked ampicillin (ABPC) and sulbactam (SBT), a beta-lactamase inhibitor, in a ratio of 1:1, were evaluated in 31 patients with ages from 6 months old to 10 years and 4 months old with various bacterial infections. The results obtained are summarized as follows. 1. In a pharmacokinetic study with a dose level of 10 mg/kg SBTPC, serum levels reached a peak in 1 hour after oral administration, with peak levels of 3.94 micrograms/ml for ABPC and 4.08 micrograms/ml for SBT. Half-lives of ABPC and SBT were 64.8 minutes and 63.6 minutes, respectively. The urinary excretion of ABPC over 6 hours was 66.2% and that of SBT was 60.4%. 2. SBTPC fine granules were administered orally to 1 patient with bronchitis, 9 patients with bronchopneumonia, 7 patients with tonsillitis, 4 patients with scarlet fever, 1 patient each with pharyngitis, otitis media, purulent parotitis, and urinary tract infection and 6 patients with skin and soft tissue infections at daily dosage levels of 26.1-31.6 mg/kg divided into 3 or 4. Clinical evaluations of these 31 patients were as follows, excellent: 20 patients, good: 10 patients, poor: 1 patient. The efficacy rate was 96.8%. 3. Diarrhea was observed in a patient with otitis media on the fifth day of SBTPC administration. No other clinical adverse reaction was observed in any of the remaining 30 patients. No abnormal laboratory data was found in any of 23 patients who were subjected to laboratory examinations for safety.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of sultamicillin fine granules in pediatric patients]. 324 64

We have carried out laboratory and clinical studies on sultamicillin (SBTPC). The results are summarized as follows. SBTPC was given by oral administration to 2 children in a single dose at 5 mg/kg and to 3 children in a single dose at 10 mg/kg. After the oral administration, mean peak serum levels of ampicillin (ABPC) and sulbactam (SBT) obtained for the 2 dose levels were 1.91 +/- 1.34 and 2.06 +/- 1.06 micrograms/ml and 2.43 +/- 0.68 and 2.96 +/- 0.77 micrograms/ml at 1 hour, respectively, and mean half-lives were 0.80 +/- 0.10 and 0.98 +/- 0.46 hour and 1.57 +/- 0.57 and 2.01 +/- 0.70 hours, respectively. SBTPC was given to 2 children in a single dose at 15 mg/kg. After oral administration, the mean serum levels of ABPC and SBT at 30 minutes were 6.55 +/- 1.63 and 6.00 +/- 1.00 micrograms/ml, and the mean half-lives were 0.90 +/- 0.13 and 0.82 +/- 0.16 hour. SBTPC was given to 1 child at a single dose of 20 mg/kg. The peak serum levels of ABPC and SBT were 11.3 and 8.64 micrograms/ml, and the half-lives were 0.87 and 0.92 hour. Mean urinary excretion rates of ABPC and SBT were 38.4 +/- 2.7 and 34.6 +/- 4.7%, 43.0 +/- 3.6 and 41.6 +/- 5.8%, 47.7 +/- 5.2 and 51.6 +/- 3.5% in 6 hours and 66.1 and 59.2% in 8 hours after oral administration of 5 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg, 15 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg, respectively. Treatment with SBTPC was made in 34 cases of pediatric bacterial infections; 2 cases of pharyngitis, 19 cases of tonsillitis, 2 cases of bronchitis, 3 cases of impetigo, 2 cases of staphylococcal skalded skin syndrome, 4 cases of urinary tract infection and 1 case each of pneumonia and scarlet fever. Results obtained were excellent in 20 cases, good in 13 cases and poor in 1 case. No significant side effect due to the drug was observed in any cases.
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PMID:[Laboratory and clinical studies of sultamicillin in pediatric field]. 324 65

Pharmacokinetics, safety and effects on bacterial infection of sultamicillin (SBTPC) fine granule were evaluated in 17 children. The results obtained are summarized as follows. 1. Pharmacokinetics in 3 children receiving a single dose of 10 mg per kg body weight were evaluated. The half-life of ampicillin (ABPC) was 1.38 +/- 0.14 hours and that of sulbactam was 0.93 +/- 0.26 hour. 2. Fourteen cases, including 7 tonsillitis, 2 pharyngitis, 2 bronchitis, and 1 each of cystitis, scarlet fever and cellulitis were treated with SBTPC fine granule. The clinical efficacy rate was 100%. 3. Bacteriological efficacies classified by causative organisms were evaluated in 5 children. Staphylococcus aureus was responsible in 3 cases, Streptococcus pyogenes in 1 case, Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis in 1 case. Eradication rate was 100%. SBTPC was more active than ABPC against ABPC-resistant strains and almost equal to or more active than cephalexin or cefaclor. 4. The only abnormal laboratory test value observed was eosinophilia in 2 children. No side effects were recorded. From the above results it is concluded that SBTPC fine granule is one of first choices of effective, useful and safe antibiotics for the treatment of infections in pediatric field.
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PMID:[Clinical studies on sultamicillin fine granule in pediatric field]. 324 70

We have evaluated sultamicillin (SBTPC) fine granules for pharmacokinetics and therapeutic effectiveness in children. The results are summarized as follows. 1. Pharmacokinetic parameters after the oral administration of single dose of 5.0 mg per kg body weight in 1 child were as follows: The peak serum concentrations of ampicillin (ABPC) and sulbactam (SBT) were 1.92 micrograms/ml at 1 hour and 1.85 micrograms/ml at 1 hour, respectively. The half-lives in serum and urinary excretion rate for ABPC and SBT were similar. 2. A clinical study was performed on 15 children with infections, including 4 with tonsillitis, 5 with pharyngitis, 2 each with bronchitis, cystitis, and urinary tract infections. Doses ranging from 6.7 to 18.2 mg/kg body weight were given tid. or qid. Lengths of treatment ranged from 5 to 10 days. The therapeutic responses were considered "excellent" in 6 and "good" in 9, with an effectiveness rate of 100%. 3. As to side effects of the drug, diarrhea was observed in 1 patient. It was concluded that SBTPC was a promising drug for the treatment of bacterial infections in children.
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PMID:[Pharmacokinetics and clinical effects of sultamicillin fine granules in pediatrics]. 324 71


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