Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0040425 (tonsillitis)
 1,594 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Clinical efficacy and safety of cefprozil (CFPZ, BMY-28100), a newly developed oral cephalosporin, were studied in our pediatric department. Clinical effectiveness, bacteriological effectiveness and side effects were studied in 116 pediatric patients with ages ranging 4 months to 11 years. CFPZ was given 4.6-14.1 mg/kg daily in 3 times for 3-10 days. Clinical efficacies were evaluated in 112 patients, and the therapeutic effectiveness were excellent in 1 and good in 6 for 7 patients with acute pharyngitis, excellent in 24 and good in 26 for acute purulent tonsillitis, excellent in 3, good in 8 and fair in 1 for acute bronchitis, excellent in 21, good in 7, fair in 1 and poor in 1 for acute pneumonia, excellent in 1 acute purulent parotitis, excellent in 2 and good in 7 for acute UTI, good in 1 impetigo, fair in 1 periproctal abscess and good in 1 acute enteritis. The effectiveness rate was 96.4%. Bacteriologically, 4 strains of Staphylococcus aureus (beta-lactamase producing strains), 1 strain of Staphylococcus epidermidis (beta-lactamase producing strain), 2 strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae, 2 strains of Streptococcus agalactiae, 4 strains of beta-Streptococcus, 1 strain of Klebsiella pneumoniae (beta-lactamase producing strain) and 1 strain of Salmonella C2 were all disappeared, and of 22 strains of Streptococcus pyogenes, 20 strains were disappeared, 1 was decreased and 1 was unknown, of 5 strains of Escherichia coli (3 beta-lactamase producing strains), 4 were disappeared and 1 was decreased, of 29 strains of Haemophilus influenzae (14 beta-lactamase producing strains), 14 were disappeared, 11 were decreased, 3 persisted and 1 was unknown and of 2 strains of Haemophilus parainfluenzae (1 beta-lactamase producing strain), 1 was disappeared and 1 persisted. The bacteriological eradication rates for Gram-positive bacteria and Gram-negative bacteria were 97.1% and 56.8%, respectively, and the drug was especially effective against Gram-positive bacteria. No side effects nor refusal of ingestion were observed. As abnormalities in laboratory test results, 3 cases of elevation of eosinophil counts and 1 of elevation of platelet counts were observed. In conclusion, CFPZ was considered to be a safe and highly effective antibiotic in pediatric infections.
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PMID:[Clinical study on cefprozil in pediatrics]. 149 36

Cefpirome (CPR, HR 810) was clinically evaluated for its efficacy and safety in 11 patients with ages from 4 months to 11 years with bacterial infection. The results obtained are summarized as follows. 1. CPR was administered to 6 patients with bronchopneumonia, a patient with pneumonia, a patient with tonsillitis, 2 patients with acute pharyngitis and a patient with suppurative parotitis at daily dosage levels ranging 55.5-91.7 mg/kg, divided into 3 using intravenous bolus injection or 30 minutes drip infusion. Clinical responses of the 11 patients were as follows: excellent; 8 patients, good; 2 patients, poor; 1 patient, hence the efficacy rate was 90.9%. 2. Neither clinical adverse reaction nor abnormal laboratory test value was observed except slight elevation of GOT and GPT in a patient and leukopenia in another. 3. MICs of CPR against 18 beta-lactamase producing strains isolated from patients were as follows. MIC against a strain of Staphylococcus aureus was 1.56 micrograms/ml, MICs against 3 strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae were less than 0.025 microgram/ml, those against 3 out of 5 strains of Enterobacter cloacae were less than 0.025 microgram/ml and those against the remaining 2 strains were 0.05 and 0.20 micrograms/ml. MICs against 2 out of 3 strains Acinetobacter lwoffi were 1.56 micrograms/ml, and that of the remaining 1 strain was 0.39 microgram/ml. MICs against 2 strains of Pseudomonas cepacia were 1.56 micrograms/ml. MICs against a strain of Pseudomonas putida and a strain of Citrobacter diversus were 0.78 and less than 0.025 microgram/ml, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of cefpirome in children]. 188 Sep 23

The clinical efficacy and the safety of sultamicillin (SBTPC) fine granules, which is a semisynthetic beta-lactam antibiotic for oral use with ester linked ampicillin (ABPC) and sulbactam (SBT), a beta-lactamase inhibitor, in a ratio of 1:1, were evaluated in 31 patients with ages from 6 months old to 10 years and 4 months old with various bacterial infections. The results obtained are summarized as follows. 1. In a pharmacokinetic study with a dose level of 10 mg/kg SBTPC, serum levels reached a peak in 1 hour after oral administration, with peak levels of 3.94 micrograms/ml for ABPC and 4.08 micrograms/ml for SBT. Half-lives of ABPC and SBT were 64.8 minutes and 63.6 minutes, respectively. The urinary excretion of ABPC over 6 hours was 66.2% and that of SBT was 60.4%. 2. SBTPC fine granules were administered orally to 1 patient with bronchitis, 9 patients with bronchopneumonia, 7 patients with tonsillitis, 4 patients with scarlet fever, 1 patient each with pharyngitis, otitis media, purulent parotitis, and urinary tract infection and 6 patients with skin and soft tissue infections at daily dosage levels of 26.1-31.6 mg/kg divided into 3 or 4. Clinical evaluations of these 31 patients were as follows, excellent: 20 patients, good: 10 patients, poor: 1 patient. The efficacy rate was 96.8%. 3. Diarrhea was observed in a patient with otitis media on the fifth day of SBTPC administration. No other clinical adverse reaction was observed in any of the remaining 30 patients. No abnormal laboratory data was found in any of 23 patients who were subjected to laboratory examinations for safety.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of sultamicillin fine granules in pediatric patients]. 324 64

Cefuzonam (L-105, CZON), a new parenteral cephalosporin, was evaluated for its efficacy and safety in 22 children with bacterial infections (Table 1). The results obtained are summarized below. MICs of CZON to 26 strains of isolated organisms are shown in Table 2. MICs to all 14 strains of Haemophilus influenzae and 6 strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae were less than 0.05 microgram/ml. The MIC to 2 strains of Staphylococcus aureus was 0.39 microgram/ml and that to another was 0.78 microgram/ml. Two strains of Escherichia coli showed MICs of less than 0.05 and 0.10 microgram/ml, respectively. The MIC to 1 strain of Enterococcus faecalis was 6.25 micrograms/ml. The CZON was administered in 3 or 4 divided doses at a daily dosage ranging from 58.5 to 85.7 mg/kg by 30-minute drip infusion or intravenous injection to 22 patients (9 cases of pneumonia, 9 cases of tonsillitis, 2 cases of bronchitis, 1 case each of suppurative parotitis and acute pyelonephritis) and the following clinical results were obtained; excellent: 12 cases; good: 7 cases; fair: 3 cases. The overall efficacy rate was 86% (Table 4). Diarrhea was observed in four patients, and was resolved with or without discontinuation of the medication within a week. Anemia was noted in 2 cases. Leucopenia and neutropenia was observed in 1 case. There were a moderate rises in S-GOT and S-GPT activities in 1 patient (Table 4), and they necessitated the cessation of the CZON therapy. The S-GOT and S-GPT activities became normal after the drug treatment was stopped.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of cefuzonam in children]. 359 88

Sulbactam/cefoperazone (SBT/CPZ) was evaluated in the treatment of pediatric patients to have the following results: Peak serum concentrations which occurred just after the drip infusion of 20 mg/kg SBT/CPZ were 36.4 micrograms/ml and 8.6 micrograms/ml for CPZ and SBT, respectively. The half-life of CPZ was 1.91 hours, and that of SBT, 0.97 hour. Following the 40 mg/kg drip infusion, the peak serum concentration of CPZ was 79.1 micrograms/ml, and that of SBT, 27.0 micrograms/ml. The half-lives were 1.99 hours for CPZ, and 1.07 hours for SBT, respectively. In 6 hours after drip infusion of 20 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg 21.7, 37.0% of CPZ and 41.6, 85.6% of SBT were excreted in urine. Daily doses of about 50-90 mg/kg SBT/CPZ were administered by intravenous or drip infusion to 26 pediatric patients with acute infections such as lacunar tonsillitis, bronchitis, bronchopneumonia, suppurative diseases caused by Staphylococcus (staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome), purulent parotitis, cervical lymphadenitis, phlegmon and acute UTI related with ABPC/CPZ resistant beta lactamase producing E. coli. SBT/CPZ demonstrated the bacteriological effect on all the causative organisms. The clinical efficacy was also confirmed with the efficacy rate of 88.5%. No side effects were observed in all the cases though transient eosinophilia developed in 2 patients.
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PMID:[Fundamental and clinical studies of sulbactam/cefoperazone in the field of pediatrics]. 609 10

Infectious morbidity in respect to 23 nosological forms was studied in 958 children with known blood groups and Rh factors during the first 7 years of their life. The absence of statistically significant differences in morbidity rates in children with different age groups was revealed in respect to 16 nosological forms. Significant differences in morbidity rates in children with different blood groups were revealed in respect to parotitis, rubella, scarlet fever, E. coli infections, bronchitis and pneumonia; similar differences linked with Rh factor were observed only in cases of measles, rubella and tonsillitis.
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PMID:[Hereditary blood factors and infectious diseases in children in the 1st 7 years of life]. 640 58

Laboratory and clinical studies were performed on 6059-S in the field of pediatrics, a new semi-synthetic 1-oxacephem antibiotic, and results were as follows. 1. MICs of 6059-S were compared with those of cefazolin (CEZ) and cefmetazole (CMZ) on 31 strains of S. aureus, 29 strains of E. coli, 30 strains of K. pneumoniae and 16 strains of P. aeruginosa. With the inoculum size of 10(8) cells/ml an 10(6) cells/ml, the peak of distribution of MICs were S. aureus 6.25, 3.13 micrograms/ml, E. coli 0.2, 0.1 micrograms/ml, K. pneumoniae 0.2, 0.05 micrograms/ml and P. aeruginosa 12.5, 6.25 micrograms/ml, respectively. MICs 6059-S against S. aureus was more less 2 to 3 tubes than CEZ and CMZ, but against E. coli and K. pneunoniae were more higher than 3 to 4 tubes than CEZ and CMZ. 2. The serum concentrations and urinary recovery rate of 6059-S were measured in 5 pediatric patients. 6059-S was given 20 mg/kg by an intravenous injection to 2 cases or a 30 minutes intravenous drip infusion to 3 cases. The mean concentration of the former were 64.3, 44.3, 26.8, 11.7 and 5.0 micrograms/ml at 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 hours, and T 1/2 was 1.51 hours. The urinary recovery rates was 75.0% within 6 hours after the injections. The mean concentration of the latter were 65.3, 86.3, 63.0, 40.3, 17.8 and 8.9 micrograms/ml at 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 hours, and T 1/2 was 1.63 hours. The urinary recovery rates was 52.1% within 6 hours after the injection. 3. Eleven cases with acute pneumonia, 1 case with acute bronchitis, 3 cases with acute purulent tonsillitis, 1 case with acute purulent parotitis and 1 case subcutaneous abscess were treated with 6059-S by intravenous injection. All cases were above effective clinically. Five strains of H. influenzae, 3 strains of S. pneumoniae, 2 strains of S. pyogenes and 1 strain of S. aureus were eradicated in all strains. No clinical adverse reaction and abnormal laboratory findings were noted.
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PMID:[Laboratory and clinical studies on 6059-S in children (author's transl)]. 645 76

Fundamental and clinical studies on cefpiramide (CPM), a new semisynthetic cephalosporin were performed and the following results were obtained. Antibacterial activity The antibacterial activity of CPM was investigated in comparison with those of CTT, CPZ, CEZ, LMOX and CFS. Against clinical isolates of S. aureus, CPM was superior to CTT and LMOX, but almost similar to CPZ and inferior to CEZ. Against E. coli, K. pneumoniae, P. mirabilis and S. marcescens, CPM showed the activity almost similar to that of CEZ, but inferior to those of the others. On the contrary, the activity of CPM against P. aeruginosa was satisfactory and was superior to those of CTT, CPZ and LMOX, but slightly inferior to that of CFS. Blood level and urinary recovery Twenty mg/kg of CPM was given intravenously at one shot to 3 patients. The mean serum levels of CPM were 116.9 micrograms/ml at 30 minutes, 90.5 micrograms/ml at 1 hour, 71.1 micrograms/ml at 2 hours, 55.8 micrograms/ml at 4 hours, 24.9 micrograms/ml at 6 hours, 19.3 micrograms/ml at 9 hours and 12.1 micrograms/ml at 12 hours after administration, respectively. The mean half-life was very long and the value was 3.85 hours. The urinary recovery rates in 2 cases were 18.31 and 21.47% respectively up to 12 hours after administration. Clinical results and side effects CPM was given intravenously to 30 diseases including 11 cases of bronchopneumonia, 3 cases of bronchopneumonia and pleurisy, 2 cases of bronchitis, 4 cases of purulent tonsillitis, 5 cases of pyelonephritis and each one case of pyothorax, parotitis, cellulitis, otitis media and salmonellosis. CPM was effective in 29 out of 30 cases, and the effective rate was 96.7%. As side effects, 2 cases of fever and 1 case of cough were observed, but no abnormality in clinical laboratory findings was observed.
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PMID:[Experimental and clinical evaluation of cefpiramide in pediatrics]. 665 42

A study was made with the newly developed cefroxadine (CXD) dry syrup by measuring the serum level, urine excretion and recovery rate in 10 children who were orally administered 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg at 1 hour after meals and the following results were gained. Also, its clinical efficacies and side effects were investigated in the following cases who were treated with a mean dose of 33 mg/day divided into 3 to 4 portions for a period of 9 days on the average; viz. a total of 151 cases consisting of 9 cases of pharyngitis, 39 of tonsillitis, 11 of streptococcal infection, i.e. scarlet fever, 7 of bronchitis, 6 of pneumonia, 1 of otitis media, 6 of purulent lymphadenitis, 1 of purulent parotitis, 1 of subcutaneous abscess and 3 of impetigo. 1. The serum level tends to reach its maximum level within 1 hour after administration. The mean concentrations of 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg dose in the foregoing time were 6.35, 9.12 and 21.62 mcg/ml respectively and dose response was observed. CXD showed higher concentration than CEX, CED and CFT. The mean half-life periods of the 3 dose were 72, 84 and 66 minutes respectively and variations were observed, but the drugs maintains a satisfactory serum level. 2. The time which showed highest urine excretion was mainly in the 0 to 2 hours bracket and the average concentrations of 5 , 10 and 20 mg/kg dose in the foregoing time were 381.2, 771.7 and 1,577.7 mcg/ml respectively. The dose response was more evident than in the serum concentrations. The average recovery rates within 6 hours were 93.6, 88.3 and 94.3% respectively and they were similar to those of CEX, CED and CFT. 3. The clinical effects were evaluated were in 148 cases out of the total of 151 and 136 cases, or 91.9% showed good or excellent efficacy response. 4. The daily dose groups of less than 30 mg/kg and 31 to 40 mg/kg formed the majority and there was no difference in the comparison of the clinical effectiveness in these 2 groups. Administration of a daily dose of 20 to 40 mg/kg is sufficient for the treatment of the aforementioned mild diseases except for pneumonia. 5. The clinical effects were compared between the 3 and 4 times a day treatment groups, but there was no difference between these two groups with regard to the foregoing daily dose. The 3 times a day treatment is acceptable, but the 4 times a day treatment is preferable when pharmacokinetics if taken into account. 6. The bacteriological effects in 41 cases, or 97.6% out of the 42 cases were above the efficacy base line and a high efficacy rate was achieved. 7. With regard to side effects, diarrhea developed in 4 cases and eosinophilia in 6 cases, abnormal simultaneous increases in GOT and GPT in 1 case and 1 case each for abnormal values in LDH and BUN were seen in the clinical test values. The foregoing results show that CXD has high efficacy and safety and it can be said that it is a drug required in the pediatric field.
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PMID:[Absorption, excretion and clinical trials of cefroxadine in the field of pediatrics (author's transl)]. 703 89

Bacteriological, pharmacokinetic and clinical studies on SY5555 dry syrup (powder which is dissolved before use), a new penem antibiotic for oral use, were performed. The following results were obtained. 1. Antibacterial activities. MICs of SY5555, clavulanic acid/amoxicillin (CVA/AMPC), cefotiam (CTM), cefpodoxime (CPDX), cefaclor (CCL) and cefdinir (CFDN) were determined against clinically isolated Staphylococcus aureus, coagulase negative staphylococci, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Escherichia coli and Enterobacter cloacae at a dose of 10(6) CFU/ml. MICs of SY5555 against S. aureus, CNS, S. pneumoniae, S. pyogenes, H. influenzae, M. catarrhalis, E. coli and E. cloacae were 0.2, 0.2, 0.2, < or = 0.025, 0.78, 0.2, 0.78 and 3.13 micrograms/ml, respectively, showing excellent antibacterial effects on these pathogens. Although the effects of SY 5555 against H. influenzae and E. coli were slightly inferior to those of CPDX and CFDN, the drug showed the most excellent antibacterial effect on other strains as compared with the control drugs. 2. Absorption and excretion In this study, plasma concentrations and urinary recovery rates were examined after administration of SY5555 at doses of 5 and 10 mg/kg (potency) after meals. With both 5 and 10 mg/kg doses, peak plasma concentrations were reached 1 hour after administration, at 0.25-2.61 micrograms/ml (mean 1.47 micrograms/ml) and 1.08-2.17 micrograms/ml (mean 1.74 micrograms/ml), respectively. The plasma levels rapidly decreased to 0.06-0.19 micrograms/ml (0.12 micrograms/ml) and 0.0503-0.0637 micrograms/ml) after 6 hours. The half-lives 1.12 hours in the 5 mg/kg group and 1.0 hour in the 10 mg/kg group. The urinary recovery rates were determined in the first 8 hours after administration in the 5 mg/kg and 6 hours in the 10 mg/kg group, and the values were as low as 1.05-12.3% and 1.6-4.33%, respectively. 3. Clinical results The clinical responses were examined in a total of 73 cases including 4 acute pneumonia, 13 acute bronchitis, 11 tonsillitis, 3 pharyngitis, 12 scarlet fever, 2 pertussis, 6 urinary tract infection, 6 otitis media, 7 lymphadenitis, 2 staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome, 2 phlegmon, 4 impetigo and 1 purulent parotitis. The treatment was effective or better in 66 of 70 cases with an efficacy rate of 94.3% (3 undeterminable cases were excluded). Bacteriological effects were examined during the clinical course for detected or suspected pathogens found before administration of SY5555. The effects were determined in 50 cases including 7 cases of polymicrobacterial infections, 57 strains in total. Eight strains, however, persisted, hence the overall eradication rate was 86.0%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[Bacteriological, pharmacokinetic and clinical studies of SY5555 dry syrup in the pediatric field]. 769 46


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