Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0040425 (tonsillitis)
 1,594 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Serum and urinary concentrations and recovery rates of aztreonam (SQ26,776, AZT), a newly developed antibiotic, were studied for a total of 20 pediatric cases by one-shot intravenous injections of 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg to 3, 4 and 3 cases, respectively, and by intravenous drip infusion of 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg to 3, 4 and 3 cases for 1 hour, respectively. Clinical and bacterial effects of AZT were studied by administering 76.7 mg/kg per day on average for a total of 36 cases of tonsillitis (6), pneumonia (13), otitis media and pneumonia complication (1), pleurisy (1), sinusitis (1) and UTI (14). The above daily dose was given t.i.d. (9 cases) or q.i.d. (27 cases), by intravenous drip infusion for 30 minutes for one t.i.d. case and by one-shot intravenous injection for 7 days for the remaining 35 cases. Also, side effect and laboratory values were examined for 43 cases including 7 dropouts. Serum concentration of AZT in 10 pediatric cases were measured by dosing 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg by one-shot intravenous injection to 3, 4 and 3 cases, respectively. In every dosage group, the serum concentrations were highest 5 minutes after the intravenous injection with average values of 91.0, 174.0 and 175.3 mcg/ml, respectively. Dose response was observed between 10 mg/kg dose group and 20, 40 mg/kg dose groups, but it was not between 20 mg/kg group and 40 mg/kg group. This was considered to be attributable to the individual case-fluctuations in the 2 groups and to a high concentration case of 240.0 mcg/ml in the 20 mg/kg group. Half-life of each dosage group was 1.55, 1.65 and 1.93 hours. Serum concentrations of AZT in 10 pediatric cases at the dosage level of 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg for 3, 4 and 3 cases, respectively, by 1 hour intravenous drip infusion were highest at the end of the administration with average values of 95.7, 126.0 and 170.7 mcg/ml, respectively. There was a dose response among the 3 groups and the half-life of them were 1.02, 1.41 and 2.48 hours, respectively. A longer half-life of the 3rd group with 40 mg/kg administration than the other 2 groups was due to 1 particular case of 4.44 hours with unknown cause of such an exceptional extension.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[Basic and clinical trials of aztreonam in the field of pediatrics]. 391 25

Clinical specimens from 243 patients attending the ENT clinics at King Abdul Aziz University Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia were investigated for the pathogens attributing to otitis media and tonsillitis. In children as well as in adults with otitis media, the main bacterial causative organisms were Staph, aureus and Ps. aeruginosa; Asp. flavus was detected in 1% and 4% of adult and children cases of otitis media. In tonsillitis H. influenzae, Strept. pneumoniae, Staph. aureus, Strept. gr. A were isolated in only 18% of the children and Strept. pneumoniae, Strept. gr A in 16% of adults. A possible involvement of viruses in tonsillitis is indicated.
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PMID:Ear, nose and throat diseases in Saudi Arabia. Microbiology and clinical observations. 401 55

A multicenter cooperative clinical trial was carried out on S6472 (a long-acting preparation of cefaclor (CCL)) to evaluate its effectiveness and safety in the treatment of infectious diseases in the field of otorhinolaryngology. The results are as follows: The clinical efficacy of the drug could be evaluated in 114 patients. An efficacy rate of 65.8% was obtained. The efficacy rate for each disease was found to be 60.0% for acute suppurative otitis media, 12.5% for chronic suppurative otitis media and 44.4% for acute exacerbation of chronic suppurative otitis media. The overall efficacy rate for all cases of suppurative otitis media was 46.4%. The efficacy rate for acute tonsillitis was found to be 93.1%. In the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic tonsillitis, the efficacy of the drug was rated as excellent or good in all cases. The overall efficacy rate for all cases of tonsillitis was found to be 93.9%. In the treatment of other infectious diseases, the efficacy was rated as excellent or good in all cases. When the cases by resistant organisms to CCL were excluded from the evaluation, the overall efficacy rate of the drug was found to be 74.2%. The bacteria could be identified in 106 cases. Regarding the bacteriological efficacy of single infections, its bacterial elimination rate was found to be 81.1% for Gram-positive bacteria including S. aureus, S. epidermidis, etc., while it was 42.9% for Gram-negative bacteria. The overall elimination rate of bacteria in single infections was 73.1%. The bacterial elimination rate for mixed infections was found to be 85.7%, whereas it was 76.8% when the single and mixed infections were combined. Regarding side effects, 1 case each of diarrhea, soft stool and rash, or 3 cases in total (2.4%), were recorded in a total of 123 patients. However, the severity of each side effect was mild. Regarding abnormal laboratory findings, there were 1 case each of an increase in S-GPT, leukopenia and complication of eosinophilia and thrombocytopenia, or 3 cases in total (7.0%). Each of these adverse reactions was, however, transient in nature, and no serious cases were observed. On the basis of the above results, it was concluded that S6472 can provide sufficient clinical efficacy when it is administered at daily dosage of 750 mg or 1,500 mg in 2 divided doses after the breakfast and dinner.
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PMID:[Clinical studies of S6472 in otorhinolaryngologic infections]. 406 19

A study of 112 referred children with acute otalgia labeled 'acute otitis media' by the referring physicians was carried out at the E.N.T. clinic of Lagos University Teaching Hospital in 1981-1982. Only 11% of these were actually due to acute otitis media, reflecting poor technique at otoscopy. Of the acute otalgia cases 56% were due to ear pathology while 44% resulted from referred pain. Otological causes included foreign body in the ear (23%), acute otitis media (11%), otitis externa (10%), secretory otitis media (6%) and myringitis bullosa haemorrhagica (4%). Cases due to referred otalgia were from tonsillitis (21%), foreign body in the pharynx (5%), traditional uvulectomy (5%), and foreign body in the nose (2%). Thus, there is a need for more careful examination of the ear in all cases of acute otalgia.
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PMID:Acute otalgia in Nigerian children. 409 73

To 6 cases of children in 2 groups of 3 each, newly developed sulbactam/cefoperazone (SBT/CPZ) was given at 20 and 40 mg/kg by intravenous bolus injection, respectively, and the serum and urinary concentrations and recoveries of SBT and CPZ were determined. To 1 case of purulent meningitis, this drug was given at 40 mg/kg by intravenous bolus injection, and the cerebrospinal fluid and serum concentrations of SBT and CPZ were determined. Susceptibility tests to SBT/CPZ and CPZ of total 289 strains were conducted; Gram-positive cocci tested consisted of 26 S. aureus strains, 20 S. pyogenes strains and 21 S. pneumoniae strains, and Gram-negative bacilli consisted of 24 H. influenzae strains, 22 E. coli strains, 26 K. pneumoniae strains, 24 E. cloacae strains, 21 E. aerogenes strains, 19 Citrobacter sp. strains, 20 S. marcescens strains, 23 P. mirabilis strains, 23 indole-positive Proteus sp. strains and 20 P. aeruginosa strains. SBT/CPZ was given to total 43 cases at a mean daily dosage of 80.4 mg/kg, in 3 or 4 divided doses (6 cases in 3 and 37 cases in 4), 1 case receiving the drug by drip infusion over 30 minutes (in 3 divided doses) and all the other 42 cases by intravenous bolus injection, for 7 days on an average. They consisted of 2 cases of tonsillitis, 1 case of otitis media, 1 case of otitis media associated with mastoiditis, 30 cases of pneumonia, 1 case of suspected septicemia, 1 case of purulent meningitis, 5 cases of urinary tract infection, 1 case of purulent lymphadenitis and 1 case of submaxillaritis. And the clinical and bacteriological effects were evaluated. Also, side reactions and laboratory examinations for abnormal values due to administration of this drug were made on 47 cases including 4 drop-outs. The following results were obtained: After administration of this drug to 2 groups of 3 children each at 20 and 40 mg/kg by intravenous bolus injection, mean serum concentrations of both SBT and CPZ reached the peaks in 5 minutes; SBT levels were 60.9 and 124.7 micrograms/ml for the 2 groups and CPZ levels were 105.0 and 214.1 micrograms/ml, respectively. In either group, CPZ levels were 1.7 times as high as SBT levels, and there was observed a dose-response in both. In the 20 mg/kg group, mean half-lives of SBT and CPZ were 0.96 and 1.24 hours, respectively, and in the 40 mg/kg group, they were 1.01 and 1.32 hours, CPZ values tending to be longer.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[Fundamental and clinical studies of sulbactam/cefoperazone in the pediatric field]. 609 68

Twenty-eight pediatric patients were treated with ceftriaxone (Ro 13-9904, CTRX) in the doses ranging from 8.75 to 25 mg/kg every 12 hours for 3.5 to 11.5 days, and the clinical efficacy and side effects were evaluated. Among the 21 children with bacterial infections including pneumonia, acute bronchitis, otitis media, tonsillitis and urinary tract infections, the results were excellent in 9, good in 11, and fair in 1 patient. Out of the 28 patients, 2 patients had diarrhea, 3 patients had slightly elevated serum concentrations of transaminases, and 2 patients showed eosinophilia. The serum concentrations of CTRX in 5 children ranged from 50.0 to 93.8 micrograms/ml (mean 75.0 micrograms/ml) at 15 minutes and from 10.2 to 15.6 micrograms/ml (mean 13.4 micrograms/ml at 6 hours after 10 mg/kg intravenous bolus injection of CTRX. The serum half-lives were from 2.61 to 8.30 hours (mean 6.16 hours), and urinary recovery rates were from 43.3 to 58.0% (mean 48.5%) during 0-6 hours and from 52.0 to 66.1% (mean 59.4%) during 0-12 hours. After 20 mg/kg intravenous bolus injection of CTRX in 4 children, the serum concentrations of CTRX were from 118.8 to 162.5 micrograms/ml (mean 139.1 micrograms/ml) at 15 minutes and from 18.0 to 21.1 micrograms/ml (mean 19.2 micrograms/ml) at 6 hours. The serum half-lives were 4.07 to 6.34 hours (mean 5.13 hours), and urinary recovery rates were 38.6 to 51.1% (mean 45.4%) during 0-6 hours and from 54.8 to 64.0% (mean 59.0%) during 0-12 hours. Patients with impairment of renal function were excluded from this pharmacokinetic study.
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PMID:[Clinical and pharmacokinetic evaluation of ceftriaxone in children]. 609 20

Pharmacokinetics and clinical effects of ceftizoxime (CZX), a new cephalosporin antibiotic, were investigated and following results were obtained. 1) Ceftizoxime was given by intravenous injection or drip infusion for 1 hour at a single dose of 30 mg/kg. After intravenous injection, the mean peak serum level of 3 children was 95.9 mcg/ml at 15 minutes and half-life time was 1.18 hours. After 1 hour drip infusion, the mean peak serum level of 3 children was 79.5 mcg/ml at the end of infusion and half-life time was 1.20 hours. The urinary level was high and the mean urinary recovery rate was 69.6% and 63.4% up to 6 hours after intravenous injection and 1 hour drip infusion, respectively. 2) CZX was administered in dose of 39--76 mg/kg to 7 pediatric patients (4 cases of purulent meningitis, 2 of septicemia with purulent meningitis, and 1 of aseptic meningitis) by a single intravenous injection. In patients with purulent meningitis, passage into the cerebrospinal fluid was relatively as good as 30% of serum level at the same time in the presence of remarkable signs of inflammation, but poor in cases of mild inflammation or aseptic meningitis. 3) Cerebral puncture fluid level in 1 patient with cerebral abscess was as good as 65.5% of serum level at the same time. 4) CZX was given to 28 cases of respiratory tract infection, 1 of tonsillitis with otitis media, 6 of scarlet fever, 1 each of maxillary sinusitis and bacterial endocarditis, 6 of purulent meningitis, 2 of septicemia, 5 of septicemia suspected, 2 of septicemia with purulent meningitis, 1 each of osteomyelitis, typhoid fever, peritonitis and biliary tract infection, 16 of urinary tract infection, 14 of skin and soft tissue infection, and 1 of external otitis, totaling 87 cases. The mean daily dose of 101.6 mg/kg was administered for an average of 10 days mainly by intravenous injection 4 times daily. Clinical results obtained were excellent in 34 cases, and good in 46. Bacteriological effectiveness rate was 100%. As for side effects, fever, fever with rash, fever with cough and diarrhea appeared in 1 each case out of 182 cases including 95 drop out cases. As for laboratory findings, eosinophilia, thrombocytopenia, elevation of GOT, that of GOT with GPT, and that of GOT with LDH appeared in 10, 2, 2, 3 and 1 cases, respectively.
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PMID:[Pharmacokinetics and clinical effects of ceftizoxime in pediatric field (author's transl)]. 627 4

Children, aged 6 months to 5 years, were pair-matched with respect to age and history of otitis media acuta. The 405 children received either a subcutaneous injection of Pneumovax (a 14-valent pneumococcal vaccine) or of saline, in a double-blind fashion. The follow-up period for each child was 1 1/2 years. In children younger than 2 years at vaccination no difference was recorded between vaccinees and controls concerning the number of consultations due to otitis media acuta or to other upper respiratory tract infections. In children older than 2 years at vaccination a reduction in the overall frequency of visits due to upper respiratory tract infections was observed after vaccination. The incidence of otitis media acuta was reduced during the first postvaccinal year while visits due to tonsillitis and pharyngitis were reduced during the whole follow-up period in vaccinees as compared to controls.
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PMID:Effect of pneumococcal vaccination on upper respiratory tract infections in children. Design of a follow-up study. 635 79

Cephalexin, a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic, has wide clinical application in respiratory infections of children and adults. In pharyngitis and tonsillitis due to beta-haemolytic streptococci, it is comparable to penicillin, cyclocillin, and cephaloglycin, as measured by clinical response, bacteriological cure rate, and incidence of relapse and reinfection. In otitis media, it is effective at dosages of 50-100 mg/kg/day except in those infections caused by Haemophilus influenzae, in which there is failure in 50% of the cases. In other infections of the upper respiratory tract, it appears to be effective except, again, in those caused by H. influenzae. Dosages of 1-2 g/day have been used in adults and 20-100 mg/kg/day in children. Adverse effects, mostly gastrointestinal upsets, rash, and urticaria, have been relatively infrequent and have not required discontinuance of the drug.
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PMID:Cephalexin in the treatment of upper respiratory tract infections. 636 87

Brush biopsies from the middle-ear (ME) and nasal mucosa were taken from a 4-year-old girl with complete situs inversus, recurrent otitis media and tonsillitis, who underwent tonsillectomy, adenoidectomy and bilateral myringotomy with insertion of ventilation tubes. Ciliary beat frequencies (CBF, Hz.) of the ME and nasal samples, measured by a photoelectric system equipped with a fiber-optic probe, were 9.5 Hz. (+/- 1.2) and 13.7 Hz. (+/- 4.1) respectively. These values are similar to CBF of nasal samples obtained from normal subjects. In vitro CBF assessment is a useful investigative tool for the study of mucociliary activity in the ME, as in patients suspected to have ciliary dyskinesia syndrome.
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PMID:Ciliary beat frequency of human middle-ear mucosa measured in vitro. 648 Dec 24


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