Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0040425 (tonsillitis)
 1,594 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Bacterial infection with Clostridium perfringens in children less than 2 years of age is frequently associated with meningitis, necrotizing gastrointestinal infection, and postoperative infections. However, a review of the literature reveals no reports of these bacteria infecting the tonsils. A 9-month old black female was found unresponsive at the baby-sitter's and was rushed to the hospital. Shortly after admission to the emergency department death was pronounced. An autopsy performed on this otherwise healthy infant revealed shock and acute necrotizing bacterial tonsillitis. The initial report of this infant's death was questionable sudden infant death syndrome and questionable smothering. Postmortem cerebrospinal fluid, blood, and lung cultures grew pure colonies of C. perfringens. The necrotizing tonsil revealed no significant gross lesions. Microscopically, large numbers of gram-positive rods were easily recognized and were compatible with C. perfringens. Because the oropharynx is a common portal of entry for infectious agents, it is essential to sample tissues of Waldeyer's ring and especially the tonsils to find infectious diseases that may become systemic.
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PMID:Acute necrotizing bacterial tonsillitis with Clostridium perfringens. 1139 54

The neurovirulence of two mumps virus strains was compared using marmosets. Marmosets were inoculated intravenously with the wild-type mumps virus Odate strain, resulting in evident meningitis in 1 of 3 marmosets at each of the weeks 3, 4, and 5 postinoculation, representing a total of 3 out of 9 marmosets. Nephritis, parotitis, pancreatitis, and tonsillitis were manifest in addition to central nervous system (CNS) sequelae. On the other hand, the Jeryl Lynn vaccine strain did not induce histopathological changes in the CNS and multiplication of the Jeryl Lynn strain was distinctly lower compared to that of the Odate strain in the marmoset. This is the first report to describe the induction of meningitis in non-human primates after peripheral inoculation of a wild-type mumps virus, presenting findings useful for the elucidation of the mechanism of infection and pathology of mumps virus in the CNS. The distinction observed between the Odate and Jeryl Lynn strains suggests the applicability of the marmoset model for the evaluation of any neurovirulence potential of vaccine strains.
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PMID:Pathogenicity of mumps virus in the marmoset. 1174 67

Eighty cases of echovirus 18 infection among young children during an outbreak in 2006 in Taiwan were enrolled. Twenty percent of the patients had a comorbid condition. Twenty-five cases (31%) were complicated by aseptic meningitis. The most frequent diagnoses in children without meningitis were pharyngitis/tonsillitis (35%) and vesicular viral exanthem (33%). The case-fatality rate among the children with meningitis was 4%. Echovirus 18 was isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid of 68% of the children.
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PMID:Echovirus 18 meningitis in southern Taiwan. 2088 53

Tularemia is a zoonotic infection caused by Francisella tularensis. In the recent years tularemia has become a re-emerging infection in Turkey with epidemics and also sporadic cases. Transmission occurs most often through consumption of contaminated water and food, direct contact with animals and insect/ tick bites. In this study, we evaluated clinical features and laboratory findings of 35 tularemia cases diagnosed during two outbreaks that occurred in two different villages during two different periods in Konya (located in Central Anatolia), Turkey and five sporadic cases. In both outbreaks, first (index) cases were admitted to our outpatient clinic with the complaints of cervical lympadenopathy. After diagnosis of tularemia, an organized team visited the villages to search if more cases existed. For microbiological diagnosis, blood, throat and tonsil swabs and lymph node aspirate specimens were collected from the suspected cases. Diagnostic tests (culture, serology, molecular methods) for tularemia were performed in reference center, Refik Saydam National Public Health Agency. Drinking and potable water samples from those villages were also collected by provincial health authorities. The cases (n= 14) that belonged to the first epidemics were detected in February 2010 and cases (n= 21) of the second epidemics in November- December 2010; five cases were followed as sporadic. The mean age of the 40 patients (25 females, 15 males) was 37.6 (age range: 5-80 years; five of them were pediatric group) years. The most common complaints of patients were cervical mass (90%), sore throat (63%), chills (60%) and fever (58%). The most frequently detected clinical findings were enlarged lymph nodes (n= 34, 85%), followed by tonsillitis (20%), skin lesions (15%) and conjunctivitis (8%). Most of the patients (82.5%) had been misdignosed as acute tonsillitis, suppurative lymphadenitis, tuberculous lymphadenitis and brucellosis, before their admission to our hospital and treated with beta-lactam antibiotics. Demographic analysis of the cases revealed that 68% of them lived in the rural area, 75% had rodents at home, 46% used natural water supplies, 53% fed animals, 15% had contact with game animals and 5% had contact with ticks. Clinical samples from the patients were found culture negative for F.tularensis. The diagnosis of the cases was based on the presence of specific F.tularensis antibodies between 1/160-1/1280 titers obtained by microagglutination test. Additionally F.tularensis DNA was demonstrated in three lymph node aspirate samples by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Water samples were found negative both by culture and PCR assays. However, it was detected that there were problems in the chlorination of water supplies in the two villages where epidemics were seen. All the patients were treated with streptomycin (2 x 1 g, intramuscular, 10 days), and surgical intervention was performed for the patients (n= 12) with extremely large lymph nodes and suppuration. Erythema nodosum developed in two patients following the end of treatment. Death or serious complications such as pneumonia or meningitis were not detected. In conclusion, tularemia should be considered in patients presenting with cervical lymphadenopathy, sore throat, fever and unresponsive to previous treatment with beta-lactam antibiotics. For the management of the disease, healthcare personnel and the community should be educated concerning the risk factors and precautions for tularemia.
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PMID:[Tularemia in Konya region, Turkey]. 2263 11

This is a systematic review of cases with Lemierre's syndrome (LS) in the past 5 years. LS is characterized by sepsis often evolving after a sore throat or tonsillitis and then complicated by various septic emboli and thrombosis of the internal jugular vein. Symptoms include sepsis, pain, and/or swelling in the throat or neck, as well as respiratory symptoms. Laboratory findings show elevated infectious parameters and radiological findings show thrombosis of the internal jugular vein and emboli in the lungs or other organs. The syndrome is often associated with an infection with Fusobacterium necrophorum. We found a total of 137 cases of LS, of which 47 were infected with F. necrophorum and others with Staphylococcus and Streptococcus. Complications of this rare but severe disease included osteomyelitis, meningitis, and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Mortality was extremely high in the pre-antibiotic era but has diminished with the advent of antibiotics. This review showed a mortality rate of only 2% of which none of the cases involved fusobacteria. Duration of treatment varied; a 4-6-week course of carbapenem or piperacillin/tazobactam in combination with metronidazole was optimum. Other treatment options included anticoagulants in 46% of cases, which is unwarrantedly high, as to date, no evidence of the positive effects of anticoagulants in LS exists. Only two cases had ligation of the internal jugular vein performed. This review confirms the rare, but severe aspects of LS. Mortality from LS in this day and age appears to be low, however the syndrome is difficult to recognize, and still requires the full attention of the clinician.
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PMID:Lemierre's syndrome: current perspectives on diagnosis and management. 2769 51

Pasteurella is one of the zoonotic pathogens that can cause variety of serious infections in animals and humans such as bacteremia, septic shock, endocarditis, meningitis, prosthetic and native valve infections, osteomyelitis, skin and soft tissue infections, abscesses, and even pneumonia with empyema. However, there have been few reports of upper respiratory involvements like tonsillitis and epiglottitis in humans. We present a case of recurrent Pasteurella glossitis after a cat scratch which has not been reported in humans.
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PMID:A Rare Case of Glossitis due to Pasteurella multocida after a Cat Scratch. 2784 Jul 49

Complement deficiency represents 5% of primary immunodeficiencies worldwide. A total of seven patients with deficiencies of the classical complement pathway were reported in the Czech Republic by the end of 2015. Typical manifestations of complement deficiency are recurrent meningitis, other bacterial infections, autoimmunity and kidney disease.Two case reports are presented of patients with molecularly confirmed C7 (compound heterozygote, c.663_644del in exon 6 and c.2350+2T:>C in intron 16) and C8 (homozygous c.1282C>T in exon 9) deficiency. The first patient had four attacks of meningococcal meningitis and an episode of pneumonia of unknown aetiology in childhood. The second had six attacks of meningitis. He also suffered from recurrent infections (otitis media, tonsillitis, chronic mucopurulent rhinitis and subsequent pansinusitis complicated by nasal polyposis) since childhood. No autoimmune disease was documented in either patient. They both received meningococcal and pneumococcal vaccines. Antibiotic prophylaxis was used only in the second patient, leading to a decline in the number of ENT infections.Complement deficiency should be suspected in patients with recurrent meningococcal infections, especially if combined with other infections caused by encapsulated bacteria or autoimmunity diseases. Prophylaxis with conjugate polysaccharide vaccines is recommended and antibiotic prophylaxis should be considered in individual cases.
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PMID:[Recurrent meningitis and inherited complement deficiency]. 2807 1


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