Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0040425 (tonsillitis)
 1,594 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Following its introduction into the market, PAPM/BP (panipenem/betamipron) was clinically studied in 188 evaluable cases out of 207 cases primarily of respiratory infectious diseases treated at the pediatric departments of 15 hospitals. In the clinical evaluation, the drug proved effective in three of three cases of sepsis; three of three cases of suppurative meningitis; nine of ten cases of laryngopharyngitis, six of seven cases of tonsillitis, 56 of 63 cases of acute bronchitis, 90 of 98 cases of pneumonia, and one of one case of phyothorax, all of which are respiratory infectious diseases; one of one case of secondary infection of a chronic respiratory disease; and two of two cases of lymphadenitis, which is a disease of the soft dermal structure. The overall efficacy rate was 91.0% (171/188 cases). In the bacteriological study, Gram-positive bacteria were eliminated in five of five strains of S. aureus, 30 of 31 strains of S. pneumoniae (96.8%), and three of three strains of S. pyogenes. Gramnegative bacteria were eliminated in 15 of 17 strains of H. influenzae (88.2%), three of four strains of M. catarrhalis, and two of two strains of K. pneumoniae. The overall elimination rate was 92.1% (70/76 strains). In the 23 strains of S. pneumoniae that were examined, penicillin-resistant strains accounted for 56.5%, showing an elimination rate of 100%. No serious adverse effects were observed, and the incidence of adverse effects was 1.45%. As for abnormalities in laboratory tests, levels of GOT and GPT increased in eight cases (3.88%), LDH increased in one case (0.48%), and neutropenia occurred in one case (0.51%). These results suggest that PAMP/BP could be considered the first choice in the treatment of infectious diseases in pediatrics, due to its effectiveness and high level of safety.
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PMID:[Clinical and bacteriological studies on panipenem/betamipron in pediatrics. Kanagawa Research Group for Infectious Diseases of Children]. 964 2

The authors give clinicomorphological analysis of 100 cases of chronic tonsillitis in young children who had marked regional lymphadenitis in the absence of clinical manifestations of tonsillitis. General and local immunity were examined in these children. Lifetime assessment was made of functional tonsil condition by cytological and microbiological examination of the content of deep lacune parts. Removed palatine tonsils were examined histologically, immunohistochemically and ultrastructurally. Uncommon location of the upper tonsillar pole impairs drainage function of the lacunes, attenuation of lymphoepithelial symbiosis, functional activity of the affected part of the tonsils which give rise to pathological processes in the regional lymph nodes. Impairment of lymph nodes becomes leading in clinical course of the disease.
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PMID:[Morpho-functional status of the pharyngeal and palatine tonsils in children with regional lymphadenitis]. 1084 85

Four pigs were inoculated with an aerosol containing porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) followed 14 days later by inoculation with pseudorabies virus (PRV). The four dually infected pigs showed severe clinical signs, and one died on day 6 after infection with PRV. As demonstrated previously, the clinical disease was much more severe than that produced by either virus alone. All four dually infected pigs developed severe non-suppurative encephalitis, two had tonsillitis, two had necrotizing bronchiolitis, and one had lymphadenitis. The distribution of lesions corresponded closely with the detection of intranuclear inclusion bodies and PRV antigen. High numbers of TUNEL-positive cells detected in the thymus were associated with thymic atrophy.
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PMID:Brain lesions in pigs dually infected with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and pseudorabies virus. 1642 76

Tularemia is a rare zoonosis occuring in many clinical forms, including ulceral, glandular, oropharyngeal, pneumonic, and septic form. ENT specialists seeing their patients in ambulatory and emergency settings are most likely to encounter oropharyngeal and glandular form. Tularemia became widely discussed clinical entity in recent years due to its potential to being used as a biological weapon in acts of terrorism. Authors present a case of a 75 yrs old woman treated for atypical tonsillitis with suppurative cervical lymphadenitis. As infection with typical pathogens was ruled out and no improvement with antibiotics was observed, further evaluation was initiated. Malignancies and tuberculosis were excluded. Final diagnosis was established based on a serological test. Epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic procedures and treatment of tularemia, as well as diagnostic pitfalls are briefly discussed.
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PMID:[Glandular tularemia--case report]. 1735 77

During a 3-year prospective laboratory-based study in Denmark from 1998 to 2001, all patients who were diagnosed with localised Fusobacterium necrophorum infections were registered with the purpose of describing the variety of localised infections caused by F. necrophorum, especially in the head. We found 267 patients, most of them previously healthy, with localised F. necrophorum infections in the head and neck. In children, F. necrophorum caused otitis media and solitary abscess formation in cervical lymphadenitis. In adolescents, F. necrophorum was found in 21% of peritonsillar abscesses. We also found F. necrophorum in young adults with tonsillitis and in middle-aged adults with sinusitis. F. necrophorum was found in substantial amounts and as the only bacterial pathogen in the majority of patients. All 267 patients recovered without sequelae. We found another 21 localised non-head-and-neck-associated F. necrophorum infections, mainly subcutaneous wound infections in adults. This study shows that F. necrophorum causes a variety of localised infections, especially in the head and neck region, with a characteristic age distribution. We recommend that anaerobic culture is performed on swabs from children with recurrent otitis media and adolescents with non-streptococcal group A tonsillitis.
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PMID:Localised Fusobacterium necrophorum infections: a prospective laboratory-based Danish study. 1834 Apr 70

The objective of this study is to present the antimicrobial management modalities of treating upper respiratory tract (URT) and head and neck infections. This article discusses the current antimicrobial treatment strategies of URT and head and neck infections. The increasing antimicrobial resistance of many bacterial pathogens has made the treatment of URT and head and neck infections more difficult. This review summarizes the aerobic and anaerobic microbiology and antimicrobials therapy of acute and chronic URT and head and neck infections. These infections include dental (gingivitis, periodontitis, necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis, and periodontal abscess), acute and chronic otitis media, mastoiditis and sinusitis, pharyngo-tonsillitis, peritonsillar, retropharyngeal and parapharyngeal abscesses, suppurative thyroiditis, cervical lymphadenitis, parotitis, siliadenitis, and deep neck infections including Lemierre syndrome. In conclusion, the proper management of these infections requires an accurate clinical and bacteriological diagnosis.
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PMID:Current management of upper respiratory tract and head and neck infections. 1898 71

The prevalence of infection with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is increasing. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is also being recognised as an important pathogen in head and neck infections. This review summarises studies published over the past two decades which illustrate the growing prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and the current therapeutic approaches to head and neck infections caused by this bacterium. These infections include sinusitis, otitis, periorbital cellulitis, cervical lymphadenitis, tonsillitis, thyroiditis, retropharyngeal abscess, and abscesses and wounds of the neck. Treatment of head and neck infections associated with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus includes drainage and debridement, as well as administration of local and systemic antimicrobials that provide coverage against these organisms and against potential aerobic and anaerobic pathogens that may be present if the infection is polymicrobial.
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PMID:Role of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in head and neck infections. 1966 16

Clinical trials of tabletted pox vaccine revealed development of tonsillitis as a postvaccinal reaction in some volunteers: ulceronecrotic lesions in the tonsils, lymphadenitis, hyperthermia and asthenia. The main cause of the local inflammatory reactions was activation of the host opportunistic microflora including hemolytic streptococci and Staphylococcus aureus. For the treatment of the infectious complications systemic antimicrobials, such as benzylpenicillin, amoxicillin, ampicillin, cefazolin and fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin) in combination with the symptomatic therapy were used. The treatment course of 9 days provided complete elimination of the postvaccinal reactions, the specific antibody generation being not affected.
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PMID:[Use of antibiotics in the treatment of ulceronecrotic tonsillitis due to vaccination by tabletted smallpox vaccine]. 2069 4

Streptococcus equi, a clone or biovar of an ancestral Streptococcus zooepidemicus of Lancefield group C causes equine strangles, a highly contagious tonsillitis and lymphadenitis of the head and neck. At least 74 alleles based on N-terminal amino acid sequence of the anti-phagocytic SeM have been observed among isolates of S. equi from N. America, Europe and Japan. A d(N)/d(S) ratio of 5.93 for the 5' region of sem is indicative of positive selective pressure. The aim of this study was to determine whether variations in SeM were accompanied by variations in the surface exposed SzPSe and secreted Se18.9, both of which bind to equine tonsillar epithelium and, along with SeM, elicit strong nasopharyngeal IgA responses during convalescence. Sequences of genes for these proteins from 25 S. equi expressing 19 different SeM alleles isolated over 40 years in different countries were compared. No variation was observed in szpse, except for an Australian isolate with a deletion of a single repeat in the 3' end of the gene. Interestingly, only two SNP loci were detected in se18.9 compared to 93 and 55 in sem and szpse, respectively. The high frequency of nucleotide substitutions in szpse may be related to its mosaic structure since this gene in S. zooepidemicus exists in a variety of combinations of sequence segments and has a central hypervariable region that includes exogenous DNA sequence based on an atypical G-C percentage. In summary, the results of this study document very different responses of streptococcal genes for 3 immunoreactive proteins to selection pressure of the nasopharyngeal mucosal immune response.
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PMID:Selective pressure for allelic diversity in SeM of Streptococcus equi does not affect immunoreactive proteins SzPSe or Se18.9. 2125 81

Atypical lymphocytosis due to infections is classically seen in viral and chronic bacterial infections. A four year old boy with acute streptococcal infection presented at Al-Nahdha Hospital, Muscat, Oman, with follicular tonsillitis and bilateral cervical lymphadenitis. The blood film showed 33% atypical lymphocytes. Serologically, immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies were positive for cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus, and Epstein Barr virus, but the patient responded dramatically to antibiotics.
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PMID:An unusual case of atypical lymphocytosis. 2174 84


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