Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0040425 (tonsillitis)
 1,594 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Basic and clinical evaluations of a new oral cephalosporin cefroxadine (CXD) in pediatric fields were investigated, and the following results were obtained. 1. MICs of CXD against various bacteria were compared with those of cephalexin (CEX). MIC peaks of CXD against clinically isolated S. aureus (22 strains), S. pyogenes (25), S. pneumoniae (8), H. influenzae (23), and E. coli (23) in pediatric fields, were 1.56, 0.2, 1.56, 25 approximately 50 and 6 .25 microgram/ml, respectively in the inoculum size of 10(8) cells/ml, and they were 1.56, less than 0.1, 0.78, 25 and 6.25 microgram/ml respectively in the inoculum size of 10(6) cells/ml. In comparison with CEX, MIC peaks of CXD against S. aureus, S. pyogenes, H. influenzae and E. coli were almost the same with those of the former, it was, however, better by 1 approximately 2 tubes than that of CEX against S. pneumoniae. 2. CXD in the form of dry syrup was administered orally at a dose of either 10 mg/kg or 20 mg/kg to 5 children, and the serum levels and the urinary excretion were evaluated. In the case of 3 children who were administered a dose of 10 mg/kg the mean serum levels were 11.9 microgram/ml after 30 minutes, 13.7 microgram/ml after 1 hour, 4.7 microgram/ml after 2 hours, 0.7 microgram/ml after 4 hours, and 0.3 microgram/ml after 6 hours, while those 2 children who were administered a dose of 20 mg/kg, they were 15.1, 28.5, 12.5, 2.0 and 0.9 microgram/ml respectively. The mean periods of half-life in serum were 0.87 hour in the case of 10 mg/kg and 0.94 hour in the case of 20 mg/kg. The mean excretion rates were 83.8% in the case of 10 mg/kg and 59.8% in the case 20 mg/kg. 3. CXD dry syrup was administered to 31 children with various bacterial infections i.e. acute pharyngitis (15 cases), acute purulent tonsillitis (10 cases), acute bronchitis (4 cases) and 1 case each of acute pyelonephritis and acute purulent cervical lymphadenitis, and the clinical and bacteriological responses and side effect were investigated. The clinical response was either excellent or good in all of the cases. Out of the S. pyogenes (20 strains), S. aureus (1), S. pneumoniae (2), E. coli (1) and H. influenzae (1), bacteriological eradication was observed in all strains with the exception of 1 strain each in S. pyogenes and H. influenzae in which reduction was observed. No side effects and abnormal laboratory findings were observed.
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PMID:[Evaluation of cefroxadine in the field of pediatrics (author's transl)]. 733 91

Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies on SY5555, a new oral penem antibiotics, were performed in pediatric infections and the following results were obtained. 1. Pharmacokinetics studies Pharmacokinetics of SY5555 was studied in 5 children (5y1m-10y11m) using doses of 5 mg/kg (n = 3) and 10 mg/kg (n = 2). The average peak plasma levels were 0.65 microgram/ml at 1 or 2 hours after administration of 5 mg/kg and 2.12 micrograms/ml at 1 or 2 hours after administration of 10 mg/kg, and the plasma half-lives were 0.81 and 1.08 hours, respectively. Average cumulative urinary recovery rates at 0-6 hours were 2.97 and 3.96%, respectively. 2. Clinical studies SY5555 was administered to 45 patients with various infectious diseases (2 with acute pharyngitis, 8 with acute tonsillitis, 4 with lacunar tonsillitis, 3 each with acute bronchitis, pneumonia and pertussis, 7 with scarlet fever, 3 with impetigo contagiosa, 6 with acute urinary tract infections, 2 with balanoposthitis and 1 each with cervical lymphadenitis, S.S.S.S., vulvitis and acute colitis) at daily doses between 3.4-10 mg/kg, t.i.d., for 3-14 days. Clinical responses were excellent in 27 patients, good in 15 patients, fair in 1 patient, and poor in 2 patients, and the efficacy rate was 93.3%. Causative organisms were examined and 39 strains of 11 species were identified. The eradication rate was 78.9%. Side effects were observed in 1 patient with diarrhea. An abnormal laboratory test value was observed in 1 patient with elevation of eosinophils. The above results suggest that SY5555 may be a very useful and safe drug for the treatment of pediatric infection.
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PMID:[Clinical studies on SY5555 in pediatric infections]. 769 45

Bacteriological, pharmacokinetic and clinical studies on SY5555 dry syrup (powder which is dissolved before use), a new penem antibiotic for oral use, were performed. The following results were obtained. 1. Antibacterial activities. MICs of SY5555, clavulanic acid/amoxicillin (CVA/AMPC), cefotiam (CTM), cefpodoxime (CPDX), cefaclor (CCL) and cefdinir (CFDN) were determined against clinically isolated Staphylococcus aureus, coagulase negative staphylococci, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Escherichia coli and Enterobacter cloacae at a dose of 10(6) CFU/ml. MICs of SY5555 against S. aureus, CNS, S. pneumoniae, S. pyogenes, H. influenzae, M. catarrhalis, E. coli and E. cloacae were 0.2, 0.2, 0.2, < or = 0.025, 0.78, 0.2, 0.78 and 3.13 micrograms/ml, respectively, showing excellent antibacterial effects on these pathogens. Although the effects of SY 5555 against H. influenzae and E. coli were slightly inferior to those of CPDX and CFDN, the drug showed the most excellent antibacterial effect on other strains as compared with the control drugs. 2. Absorption and excretion In this study, plasma concentrations and urinary recovery rates were examined after administration of SY5555 at doses of 5 and 10 mg/kg (potency) after meals. With both 5 and 10 mg/kg doses, peak plasma concentrations were reached 1 hour after administration, at 0.25-2.61 micrograms/ml (mean 1.47 micrograms/ml) and 1.08-2.17 micrograms/ml (mean 1.74 micrograms/ml), respectively. The plasma levels rapidly decreased to 0.06-0.19 micrograms/ml (0.12 micrograms/ml) and 0.0503-0.0637 micrograms/ml) after 6 hours. The half-lives 1.12 hours in the 5 mg/kg group and 1.0 hour in the 10 mg/kg group. The urinary recovery rates were determined in the first 8 hours after administration in the 5 mg/kg and 6 hours in the 10 mg/kg group, and the values were as low as 1.05-12.3% and 1.6-4.33%, respectively. 3. Clinical results The clinical responses were examined in a total of 73 cases including 4 acute pneumonia, 13 acute bronchitis, 11 tonsillitis, 3 pharyngitis, 12 scarlet fever, 2 pertussis, 6 urinary tract infection, 6 otitis media, 7 lymphadenitis, 2 staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome, 2 phlegmon, 4 impetigo and 1 purulent parotitis. The treatment was effective or better in 66 of 70 cases with an efficacy rate of 94.3% (3 undeterminable cases were excluded). Bacteriological effects were examined during the clinical course for detected or suspected pathogens found before administration of SY5555. The effects were determined in 50 cases including 7 cases of polymicrobacterial infections, 57 strains in total. Eight strains, however, persisted, hence the overall eradication rate was 86.0%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[Bacteriological, pharmacokinetic and clinical studies of SY5555 dry syrup in the pediatric field]. 769 46

1. SY5555 dry syrup (powder which is dissolved before use) was administered to 25 patients with bacterial infections (6 cases of bronchitis, 2 cases of bronchopneumonia, 1 case of pertussis, 3 cases of scarlet fever, 5 cases of tonsillitis, 3 cases of urinary tract infections, 2 cases of staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome, 1 case of impetigo, 2 cases of purulent lymphadenitis). 2. Clinical efficacies were excellent in 11 patients and good in 13, poor in 1 with an efficacy rate of 96.0%. As pathogenic organisms, 15 strains were identified and 14 of them were eradicated with eradication rate of 93.3%. 3. No side effects were observed. As for abnormal laboratory test results increase in eosinophiles in 2 cases, decrease in filamented neutrophiles in 1 case, elevation of GOT and GTP in 1 case and elevation of GPT and gamma-GTP were observed. 4. There was no rejection incidence of the drug during the therapy. From the above results, we consider SY5555 in dry syrup form to be a useful and safe drug in the treatment of various bacterial infections in pediatric patients.
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PMID:[A clinical evaluation of SY5555 in the treatment of pediatric infections]. 774 11

We conducted pharmacokinetic and clinical studies on cefozopran (CZOP, SCE-2787), an aminothiadiazolmethoxyiminoacetamido cephalosporin, and obtained the following results. 1. Concentrations in serum/excretion in urine We studied pharmacokinetic in children upon intravenous bolus injection and 30-minute intravenous drip infusion in single doses of 10 and 20 mg/kg. Upon intravenous bolus injection, mean serum concentrations 30 minutes after administration of 10 and 20 mg/kg were 27.8 and 52.3 micrograms/ml, respectively, and half-lives were 2.01 and 2.02 hours, respectively. Upon 30-minute intravenous drip infusion, mean serum concentrations on completion of the drip infusions of 10 and 20 mg/kg were 36.8 and 70.3 micrograms/ml, respectively, and half-lives were 1.74 and 4.11 hours, respectively. Their urinary recovery rates in the first 8 hours after administration were higher than 67.0% in the former regimen and between 23.2 to 98.0% in the latter. 2. Clinical results 54 patients were treated with CZOP for 32 cases of pneumonia, 11 cases of bronchitis, 3 cases of cervical lymphadenitis, 1 case of purulent tonsillitis, 2 cases of phlegmon, 2 cases of enterogastritis and 3 cases of urinary tract infections. CZOP gave "excellent" or "good" responses in 53 cases. 1 case of urinary tract infection showed fair response. Diarrhea was observed in 1 case. Abnormal laboratory test results were noted in 9 patients including elevations of eosinophils, GOT and GPT. In no cases the treatment had to be discontinued.
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PMID:[Pharmacokinetic and clinical evaluation of cefozopran in the pediatric field]. 785 80

We conducted a pharmacokinetic and clinical studies on cefozopran (CZOP), a new cephem antibiotic for injection. 1. Changes in serum levels of the agent after intravenous bolus injection at a dose of 20 mg/kg to 4 pediatric patients (age: 5-10 years) were observed. The levels at 30 minutes after injection were 32.9-73.4 micrograms/ml average: 55.4 +/- 18.1 micrograms/ml), then the levels gradually decreased with half-lives of 1.67-2.24 hours (average: 1.85 +/- 0.27 hours) to 0.8-1.8 micrograms/ml (average: 1.2 +/- 0.4 micrograms/ml) at 8 hours after injections. Urinary levels reached at the maximum as, 1,773-3,450 micrograms/ml (average: 2,693 +/- 698 micrograms/ml) within 0-2 hours or 2-4 hours after injection, and recovery rates from urine in the first 8 hours after injection were 55.4-91.1% (average: 71.6 +/- 16.8%). 2. Transition to cerebrospinal fluid was examined in cases with purulent meningitis and aseptic meningoencephalitis. In the meningitis case, the level in cerebrospinal fluid 1 hour after administration was 8.8 micrograms/ml in the second day after the start of 4 times a day intravenous bolus injections with 42.5 mg/kg at each dose; The ratio of the drug level in cerebrospinal fluid to that in serum was 24.0%. In the meningoencephalitis, the levels in cerebrospinal fluid 1 hour after administrations were 1.1 micrograms/ml and 1.5 micrograms/ml in the second and the sixth days respectively, after the start of 4 times a day intravenous bolus injections with 50 mg/kg at each dose; the ratio of the levels in cerebrospinal fluid to those in sera were 0.93% and 2.41% respectively, at the second and the sixth day. 3. CZOP was clinically evaluated in 29 cases (ages: 2 months to 15 years) of pediatric infectious diseases. The agent was administered 3-4 times daily with 17-50 mg/kg at each dose, continued for 5-13 days. Total doses were 1.95-24.05 g. Clinical efficacy was evaluated in a total of 28 cases (1 case of purulent meningitis, 2 cases of acute purulent tonsillitis, 20 cases of acute pneumonia, 3 cases of urinary tract infections, 1 case of purulent lymphadenitis in cervical part and 1 case of cellulitis in face); The efficacies were "excellent" in 22 cases and "good" in 6 cases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[Pharmacokinetic and clinical evaluation of cefozopran in the pediatric field]. 785 82

A clinical study in children has been performed on S-1108, a newly developed cephem antibiotic. S-1108 was given orally to 30 patients, at doses between 8 and 12 mg/kg/day in 3 divided doses for 2 to 10 days. Clinical evaluations were made on 26 patients consisting of 12 patients of pharyngitis, 5 of tonsillitis and of impetigo, one each of bronchitis, cystitis, lymphadenitis and cellulitis. Overall clinical effects were excellent in 10, good in 15, fair in 1 with an efficacy rate of 96%. As to adverse reactions, mild diarrhea (2 patients) and transients elevation of transaminases (one patient) were observed. These data suggest that S-1108 is a useful oral antibiotic for the treatment of bacterial infections in children.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of a new cephem S-1108 in infants and children]. 810 70

1. S-1108 granules were administered to 22 children with bacterial infections (8 cases of bronchitis, 1 case of pneumonia, 3 cases of scarlet fever, 2 cases each of tonsillitis, pharyngitis, pertussis, purulent lymphadenitis and impetigo). 2. Clinical efficacies were excellent in 12 patients and good in 7, fair in 1, poor in 1 and unevaluable in 1 with an efficacy rate of 90.5%. 3. Neither side effects nor abnormal laboratory test values were observed. 4. There was no rejection of the drug during the therapy. From the above results, we consider S-1108 in granular form to be a useful and safe drug in the treatment of various bacterial infection in pediatric patients.
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PMID:[A clinical evaluation of S-1108 in the treatment of pediatric infections]. 810 72

The effects of S-1108, an orally active cephem antibiotic newly synthesized by Shionogi Res. Lab., on pediatric bacterial infections was studied. S-1108 was administered orally at a daily dose between 9.3 and 12.4 mg/kg in three divided doses (after each meal) for 5 to 11 days to patients with pharyngitis (2), tonsillitis (1), bronchitis (3), pneumonia (1), lymphadenitis (1), enteritis (1) and cystitis (1). The clinical efficacy rate was 100% with excellent responses in 3, good in 6 and undetermined in 1. Bacteriological effects observed indicated that one strain each of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Klebsiella pneumoniae and two strains of Haemophilus influenzae were eradicated by the treatment. No clinical side effects and laboratory test abnormalities were observed at all in this study. These results suggested that S-1108 would be a useful antibiotic for the treatment of bacterial infections in the pediatric field.
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PMID:[Clinical experience with S-1108 on bacterial infection in the pediatric field]. 810 73

Bacteriological, pharmacokinetic and clinical studies on cefditoren pivoxil (CDTR-PI, ME 1207) in granules, a new oral cephalosporin, were performed in the field of pediatrics. The results are summarized below. 1. Antibacterial activities: Antibacterial activities of CDTR were studied against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Haemophilus influenzae, Haemophilus parainfluenzae and Branhamella catarrhalis in comparison with those of cefteram (CFTM), cefixime (CFIX), cefaclor (CCL), cefpodoxime (CPDX) and cefotiam (CTM). MIC80's of CDTR against S. aureus, S. pneumoniae, S. pyogenes, H. influenzae, H. parainfluenzae and B. catarrhalis were 1.56, 0.39, < or = 0.025, < or = 0.025, 0.05 and 0.20 micrograms/ml, respectively. These results showed that CDTR has high antibacterial activities against these organisms. 2. Absorption and excretion: Serum concentrations and urinary recovery rates of CDTR-PI (administered in granules) were determined. Upon single oral doses of 3 mg/kg and 6 mg/kg, the peak serum concentrations were 0.5-2.45 micrograms/ml at 2 to 4 hours and 1.79-4.05 micrograms/ml at 1 to 4 hours, respectively, and T 1/2 was 1.07-9.67 hours and 0.99-3.00 hours, respectively. At 8 hours after dosing, serum concentrations were 0-0.87 micrograms/ml with a dose of 3 mg/kg and 0.27-0.73 micrograms/ml with 6 mg/kg. These values indicated that the drug has a dose-dependent pharmacokinetic behavior. Urinary recovery rates in the first 8 hours were 12.9-34.2% with a dose of 3 mg/kg and 11.8-26.9% with 6 mg/kg. 3. Clinical study: Clinical efficacies were examined in a total of 81 cases consisting of 20 cases of acute bronchitis, 13 of acute pneumonia, 21 of tonsillitis, 5 of pharyngitis, 7 of scarlet fever, 2 each of impetigo, otitis media and purulent cervical lymphadenitis, 1 of pertussis and 8 of UTI. The clinical efficacy rate was 97.5% (79/81), and bacteriological eradication rate was 100% (76/76). As for side effects, 2 cases of watery stools and 1 case of minor elevation of GPT were observed.
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PMID:[Bacteriological, pharmacokinetic and clinical studies of cefditoren pivoxil in the pediatric field]. 837 96


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