Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0040425 (tonsillitis)
 1,594 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Ceftazidime ( CAZ ) is a newly developed cephalosporin. Clinical studies on this drug was carried out and the results were as follows. Twenty-nine patients (acute purulent tonsillitis 2, acute bronchitis 1, pneumonia 15, acute purulent lymphadenitis 2, pyoderma 1, skin abscess 2 and urinary tract infection 6) were treated with CAZ in doses of 42-1 mg/kg (mean 59 mg/kg) divided 2-3 times per day for 3-10 days (mean 5.7 days) intravenously. The overall efficacy rate was 96.6%. As to adverse reaction, drug fever was observed in 1 patient. Abnormal laboratory data were noted in 4 cases (elevation of serum GOT, GPT and BUN in 1, elevation of serum GOT and GPT in 1, elevation of BUN in 1 and leukopenia in 1).
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PMID:[Clinical studies on ceftazidime in the pediatric field]. 637 48

Ceftazidime ( CAZ ), a new injectable cephem antibiotic, was used for treatment of infections in children, and the following results were obtained. After an intravenous injection of CAZ at a dose of 20 mg/kg, the mean blood levels in 2 patients were 41.5 micrograms/ml at 30 minutes, 18.1 micrograms/ml at 2 hours and 2.55 micrograms/ml at 6 hours, with the half-life (T 1/2) of 1.37 hours. In a 22-day-old baby with meningitis given CAZ intravenously at a dose of 43.5 mg/kg, the blood levels were 100 micrograms/ml at 30 minutes, 68 micrograms/ml at 2 hours and 25 micrograms/ml at 6 hours, with the half-life (T 1/2) of 2.96 hours. After intravenous administration of CAZ in doses ranging from 35.7 to 50 mg/kg, CSF concentrations ranged from N.D. to 6.3 micrograms/ml in 3 patients with purulent meningitis, although 19 micrograms/ml at 1 hour and 13 micrograms/ml at 2 hours in 1 patient after intravenous administration of 46.7 mg/kg. In patient with mumps meningitis, CSF concentrations were undetectable after intravenous administration of 35.7 mg/kg. Seventeen patients (each 1 patient with lymphadenitis, tonsillitis and septicemia, each 2 patients with pneumonia, bronchiectatic bronchitis, pyothorax and purulent meningitis, each 3 patients with pyelonephritis and enteritis) were treated with CAZ intravenously, at the daily doses of 178.2 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg in 4 divided doses in patients with meningitis and 44.1 to 103.4 mg/kg in 3 divided doses in patients with other infections (two of them were given by intravenous drip infusion for 30 minutes). The clinical responses were excellent or good in all the patients except for 1 case of Salmonella enteritis (poor) and 1 case of Campylobacter enteritis (poor). The efficacy rate was 88.2%. It was noteworthy that the clinical response was excellent in 1 case of septicemia with P. aeruginosa with leukemic stage of malignant lymphoma and in 2 cases of purulent meningitis. As side effects, fever, eruption, leukocytopenia, elevation in GOT and positive CRP considered to be allergic, were observed on day 16 of administration in 1 case of pyothorax. These symptoms disappeared by discontinuance of administration. In addition, there were elevation in GOT and GPT in 2 cases and elevation in GOT in 2 cases and elevation in GPT in 1 case; they were all mild or transient, and there was nothing to be worried about.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of ceftazidime in paediatrics]. 637 60

Cefpiramide (CPM) is a newly developed cephalosporin. Clinical studies on this drug were carried out and the results were as follows; Forty-three patients (purulent lymphadenitis 2, cellulitis 2, purulent otitis media 1, purulent tonsillitis 3, acute bronchitis 2, pneumonia 22, bronchiectasis 1, urinary tract infection 10) were treated with CPM, in doses of 20 approximately 82 mg/kg divided 2 approximately 4 times per day for 3 approximately 11 days intravenously. The overall efficacy rate was 83.7%. As to adverse reaction, 4 cases, which includes 3 cases of diarrhea and 1 case of exanthema, were observed. Abnormal laboratory data noted were liver dysfunction in 3 cases (6.8%), and eosinophilia in 2 cases (4.5%).
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of cefpiramide in pediatrics]. 665 35

Five patients with suppurative tonsillitis (1), urinary tract infection (1), staphylococcal impetigo (1), cervical lymphadenitis (1) and mycoplasma pneumonia were treated with cefamandole (CMD). CMD was administered by one shot intravenous or drip infusion at a dosage of 100 approximately 135 mg/kg/day for 4 approximately 14 days. Of 5 patients with those infections, excellent response was obtained in 3 patients, good response in 1 patient and unknown response in 1 patient. The overall efficacy rate was 100% except unknown response in mycoplasma pneumonia. In 3 of these 5 cases causative organisms were S. epidermidis, E. coli, and S. aureus, respectively. These organisms were all eliminated. No side effects were observed.
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PMID:[Laboratory and clinical studies of cefamandole in pediatric infections (author's transl)]. 699 32

The authors have carried out the laboratory and clinical studies of cefadroxil (CDX). The results were as follows; The sensitivity was measured by plate dilution method on 27 strains of S. aureus and E. coli, 26 strains of K. pneumoniae isolated from patients. The distribution of sensitivity of S. aureus was 3.13-12.5 microgram/ml and the peak of distribution was 3.13 microgram/ml and 6.25 microgram/ml, of E. coli was 6.25 microgram/ml by 10(8) cells/ml. And the distribution of sensitivity of K. pneumoniae was 6.25-25 microgram/ml and its peak was 6.25 microgram/ml by 10(8) cells/ml. CDX were given orally at dose of 10 mg/kg to 3 children. The serum levels of CDX were 10.5 +/- 1.78 microgram/ml, 15.8 +/- 3.25 microgram/ml, 12.0 +/- 0.41 microgram/ml and 3.9 +/- 0.9 microgram/ml at 0.5, 1, 2, 4 hours after administration respectively, and was 2.3 +/- 0.48 microgram/ml at 6 hours. The urinary excretion rate was 55.6% up to 8 hours after administration. CDX were administered to 39 cases of pediatric infectious disease (26 cases with tonsillitis, 5 cases with enterocolitis, 3 cases with UTI, 2 cases with impetigo, each one case with bronchitis, cervical lymphadenitis and epididymitis). And CDX were given 25.0-65.2 mg/kg daily. Clinical results obtained were above good in all cases. No side effects were observed in any cases, except for one case, with diarrhea, 6 cases with the elevation of serum transaminase and 1 case with eosinophilia.
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PMID:[Laboratory and clinical studies of cefadroxil (author's transl)]. 701 97

A study was made with the newly developed cefroxadine (CXD) dry syrup by measuring the serum level, urine excretion and recovery rate in 10 children who were orally administered 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg at 1 hour after meals and the following results were gained. Also, its clinical efficacies and side effects were investigated in the following cases who were treated with a mean dose of 33 mg/day divided into 3 to 4 portions for a period of 9 days on the average; viz. a total of 151 cases consisting of 9 cases of pharyngitis, 39 of tonsillitis, 11 of streptococcal infection, i.e. scarlet fever, 7 of bronchitis, 6 of pneumonia, 1 of otitis media, 6 of purulent lymphadenitis, 1 of purulent parotitis, 1 of subcutaneous abscess and 3 of impetigo. 1. The serum level tends to reach its maximum level within 1 hour after administration. The mean concentrations of 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg dose in the foregoing time were 6.35, 9.12 and 21.62 mcg/ml respectively and dose response was observed. CXD showed higher concentration than CEX, CED and CFT. The mean half-life periods of the 3 dose were 72, 84 and 66 minutes respectively and variations were observed, but the drugs maintains a satisfactory serum level. 2. The time which showed highest urine excretion was mainly in the 0 to 2 hours bracket and the average concentrations of 5 , 10 and 20 mg/kg dose in the foregoing time were 381.2, 771.7 and 1,577.7 mcg/ml respectively. The dose response was more evident than in the serum concentrations. The average recovery rates within 6 hours were 93.6, 88.3 and 94.3% respectively and they were similar to those of CEX, CED and CFT. 3. The clinical effects were evaluated were in 148 cases out of the total of 151 and 136 cases, or 91.9% showed good or excellent efficacy response. 4. The daily dose groups of less than 30 mg/kg and 31 to 40 mg/kg formed the majority and there was no difference in the comparison of the clinical effectiveness in these 2 groups. Administration of a daily dose of 20 to 40 mg/kg is sufficient for the treatment of the aforementioned mild diseases except for pneumonia. 5. The clinical effects were compared between the 3 and 4 times a day treatment groups, but there was no difference between these two groups with regard to the foregoing daily dose. The 3 times a day treatment is acceptable, but the 4 times a day treatment is preferable when pharmacokinetics if taken into account. 6. The bacteriological effects in 41 cases, or 97.6% out of the 42 cases were above the efficacy base line and a high efficacy rate was achieved. 7. With regard to side effects, diarrhea developed in 4 cases and eosinophilia in 6 cases, abnormal simultaneous increases in GOT and GPT in 1 case and 1 case each for abnormal values in LDH and BUN were seen in the clinical test values. The foregoing results show that CXD has high efficacy and safety and it can be said that it is a drug required in the pediatric field.
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PMID:[Absorption, excretion and clinical trials of cefroxadine in the field of pediatrics (author's transl)]. 703 89

Laboratory and clinical investigations were performed in the field of pediatrics with cefadroxil dry syrup, a new semi-synthetic cephalosporin antibiotic. (1) MIC of cefadroxil was measured, to compare with that of cephalexin (CEX), on 30 strains of S. aureus, 30 strains of S. pyogenes and 26 strains of E. coli, all of which were isolated clinically in the field of pediatrics. Two strains of S. aureus showed more than 100 microgram/ml with inoculum size of 10(8) cells/ml, and remaining 28 strains were distributed between 1.56 similar to or approximately 12.5 microgram/ml, while at inoculum size of 10(6) cells/ml, each 1 strain showed 25 microgram/ml and 50 microgram/ml, and the remaining strains were distributed between 1.56 similar to or approximately 3.13 microgram/ml. All 30 strains of S. pyogenes were inhibited the growth by less than 0.2 microgram/ml with inoculum size of both 10(8) cells/ml and 10(6) cells/ml. Three strains of E. coli showed MIC of more than 100 microgram/ml with inoculum size of 10(8) cells/ml, and the remaining 23 strains were distributed between 12.5 similar to or approximately 25 microgram/ml, while with inoculum size of 10(6) cells/ml, 3 strains showed more than 100 microgram/ml, and the remaining strains were distributed between 6.25 similar to or approximately 12.5 microgram/ml. In comparison with the results of CEX, cefadroxil was nearly equal to S. aureus and E. coli, whereas it was 2 grades superior to S. pyogenes. (2) A dose of 10 mg/kg of cefadroxil dry syrup was administered before 30 minutes of breakfast in 3 cases of children, and serum level, urinary level and recovery rate in urine were investigated. Average serum level was 15.2 +/- 2.39 microgram/ml in 1/2 hour, 16.4 +/- 2.3 microgram/ml in 1 hours. 10.1 +/- 2.8 microgram/ml in 2 hours, 3.8 +/- 1.5 microgram/ml in 4 hours and 1.0 +/- 0.4 microgram/ml in 6 hours, and average T 1/2 was 1.24 +/- 0.22 hours. Average urinary level was 857 +/0 232 microgram/ml in 0 similar to or approximately 2 hours, 690 +/- 180 microgram/ml in 2 similar to or approximately 4 hours and 249 +/- 55 microgram/ml in 4 similar to or approximately 6 hours, and average recovery ratio in urine was 86.3 +/- 17.5% within 0 similar to or approximately 6 hours. (3) Cefadroxil dry syrup was administered clinically in 20 cases of acute purulent tonsillitis, 5 cases of acute bronchitis, 14 cases of acute pharyngitis, 5 cases of acute purulent cervical lymphadenitis and 2 cases of acute urinary tract infection. Clinical efficacy, bacteriological effect and its side effect were investigated in total 46 cases of bacterial infection. A dose of 21.1 similar to or approximately 57.1 mg/kg of cefadroxil was administered daily, divided into 3, after each meal for 1 similar to or approximately 10 days, total dose being 0.5 similar to or approximately 11.0 g. Efficacy rate of cefadroxil, including excellent and effective effects, was 90.0% in acute purulent tonsillitis, 60.0% in acute bronchitis, 100.0% in acute pharyngitis, 80...
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PMID:[Laboratory and clinical studies on cefadroxil in the field of pediatrics (author's transl)]. 724 9

MIC of cefadroxil (CDX) against A group beta-Streptococcus was distributed between 0.05-0.2 microgram/ml, that is, more susceptible than cephalexin (CEX) an cefaclor (CCL), and susceptible to tetracycline (TC), erythromycin (EM), lincomycin (LCM) resistant strains. Serum level was higher than CCL administered orally at the same dose, and urinary excretion ratio after oral administration was good similarly to CEX and CCL. Patients treated were mostly scarlet fever and upper respiratory tract infections as acute tonsillitis and lacunar tonsillitis. They responded well to CDX at a daily dose of 30 mg/kg divided into 3-4 times. All cases of scarlet fever became normal temperature within 2 days. Among 14 cases in which A group beta-hemolytic Streptococcus was detected by pharyngeal sputum culture at admission, 11 cases became negative on the 1st day. This result was superior to CEX, when this drug was administered orally at a daily dose of 40-60 mg/kg, bacteria became negative at the ratio of 73.3% on the 2nd day. CDX was effective for acute tonsillitis, lacunar tonsillitis, acute bronchitis, impetigo and maxillary lymphadenitis in which numerous A group beta-Streptococcus, Staphylococcus aureus and Haemophilus influenzae were proven, as well as for acute urinary tract infection due to Escherichia coli. Clinical results of CDX in totalling 69 cases were excellent in 63 cases, good in 6 cases, efficacy ratio being 100%. No local nor systemic side effects were observed in 69 cases including maximum 11 days' treatment, as well as no effect was noticed on hepatic and renal functions. From the above results, it was concluded that satisfactory treatment results may be obtained with CDX dry syrup for children at a daily dose of 20-50 mg/kg divided into 3-4 times in acute infections due to CDX susceptible pathogens.
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PMID:[Some investigations on cefadroxil dry syrup (author's transl)]. 725 97

Fundamental and clinical studies on cefroxadine (CXD) were carried out, and we have obtained the following results. (1) Sensitivity distribution: As for the sensitivity distribution in S. aureus, the peak was within the ranges from 3.13 to 6.25 microgram/ml in the inoculum size of 10(9) CFU/ml, the distribution was less than or equal to 0.1 to 50 microgram/ml in the inoculum size of 10(6) CFU/ml, with the peak at 1.56 to 6.25 microgram/ml. In S. pyogenes, the sensitivity distribution ranged between less than 0.1 and 1.56 microgram/ml, with the peak at 0.1 microgram/ml in the inoculum size of 10(9) CFU/ml. In the inoculum size of 10(6) CFU/ml, however, the all strains were distributed within the ranges of 0.1 to 0.78 microgram/ml, and the growth of 49 out of 54 strains (91%) was inhibited at less than or equal to 0.1 microgram/ml. In E. coli, the sensitivity peak was at 25 to 50 microgram/ml in the inoculum size of 10(8) CFU/ml, and 5 strains (9.3%) were detected with greater than 100 microgram/ml. Of the 5 strains, 1 strain showed cross tolerance with CEX, the remaining 4 strains was at 50 microgram/ml and at 25 microgram/ml in 2 strains each. In the case of inoculum size of 10(6) CFU/ml, the sensitivity distribution was all within the ranges from 0.78 to 12.5 microgram/ml, except for 1 strain at 100 microgram/ml, with the peak being within the ranges from 3.13 to 12.5 microgram/ml. As for the above 100 microgram/ml-strain, it was showing cross tolerance with CEX. (2) Serum concentration: CXD was administered at a dose level of 10 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg between meals to 5 children, and CXD concentration in their serum was measured. In the group of the 10 mg/kg administration: average 30 minutes value; 8.7 microgram/ml, 1 hour value; 9.15 microgram/ml, 2 hours value; 7.4 microgram/ml, 3 hours value; 2.85 microgram/ml, 4 hours value; 1.0 microgram/ml and 6 hours value; 0.32 microgram/ml, with half-life of 0.88 hours. In the group of the 20 mg/kg administration: average 30 minutes value; 11.7 microgram/ml, 1 hour value; 16.8 microgram/ml, 2 hours value; 10.7 microgram/ml, 3 hours value; 8.15 microgram/ml, 4 hours value; 3.33 microgram/ml, 6 hours value; 1.22 microgram/ml, with half-life of 1.03 hours. A significant interrelation in dose response was observed between the 2 groups. (3) CLINICAL RESULTS: Clinical investigation were held in 29 cases (47 boys and 32 girls). Their diseases comprised of 2 acute pharyngitis, 28 acute purulent tonsillitis, 11 scarlet fever, 3 cervical purulent lymphadenitis, 14 acute bronchitis, 7 acute pneumonia, 11 urinary tract infection and 3 skin soft tissue infection. The drug was effective in 74 out of the 79 cases (93.7%). Causative organism was proved in 60 out of the 79 cases. Fifty-five cases (91.7%) were observed bacterial disappearance or reduction in the 60 cases. Side effects were observed in a total of 3 cases (3.8%), i.e. 2 cases of abnormal values in the laboratory findings (an eosinophilia and/or an elevation of the GPT readings) and 1 case of manifestation of exanthema.
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PMID:[Fundamental and clinical studies of cefroxadine in pediatric field (author's transl)]. 733 86

The authors have carried out the laboratory and clinical studies of cefroxadine (CXD), and obtained the following results. The antibacterial activities of CXD were measured by plate dilution method on 26 clinical isolates of S. aureus, E. coli and K. pneumoniae. CXD inhibited the growth of all strains of S. aureus at concentrations less than 6.25 microgram/ml, the peak of activity distribution was obtained at 3.13 microgram/ml with an inoculum size of 10(6) cells/ml. And the p eak sensitivity distribution of E. coli was obtained at 6.25 microgram/ml. The growth of all strains of K. pneumoniae was inhibited at concentrations of less than 25 microgram/ml. Phagocytosis was determined by QUIE'S method. In the presence of CXD, phagocytosis of human PMNs was not enhanced to E. coli and K. pneumoniae. For pharmacokinetic study, CXD was given orally at a single dose of 10 mg/kg to 3 children before and after meals. The serum levels of CXD on fasting were 14.2 microgram/ml, 11.0 microgram/ml, 4.0 microgram/ml and 0.57 microgram/ml at 0.5, 1, 2. 4 hours after administration respectively, and the level at 6 hours was not detectable. Half-life was 0.65 hours. The serum levels of CXD after meals were 3.9 microgram/ml, 5.3 microgram/ml, 5.3 microgram/ml, 2.4 microgram/ml and 0.42 microgram/ml at 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6 hours after administration respectively, but at 8 hours it was not detectable. Half-life was 0.95 hours. The 8-hour urinary excretion rates on fasting and non fasting were 89.4%, 89.0% respectively. CXD was given to 31 cases with tonsillitis, 4 with bronchitis, 1 with impetigo, 3 with cervical lymphadenitis, 7 with U.T.I, totalling 46. A daily dose of CXD 400 approximately 1,500 mg was given for 4 approximately 14 days. Clinical results obtained were good and excellent responses in 43/46 (93.5%) cases. No side effects were observed except for 1 case with elevation of GOT, 2 cases with elevation of GOT and GPT and 1 case with eosinophilia.
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PMID:[Laboratory and clinical studies of cefroxadine (author's transl)]. 733 88


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