Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0040425 (tonsillitis)
 1,594 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Clinical trials of cefodizime (CDZM, THR-221) were carried out in pediatric infection. Results are summarized as follows. 1. The mean half-life of CDZM in the serum following intravenous injection of CDZM (20 mg/kg) was about 2.06 hours. 2. The mean urinary excretion rate of CDZM within 8 hours after intravenous injection of CDZM was 60.1%. 3. CDZM was administrated to 19 pediatric patients with various infections; 9 cases of pneumonia, 3 bronchitis, 1 cervical lymphadenitis, 2 tonsillitis and 4 urinary tract infections. The overall efficacy rate was 94.7%. 4. No adverse reactions were observed. Abnormal laboratory test values found were thrombocytosis in 2, slight elevation of GOT and GPT in 1 and eosinophilia in 1 patient.
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PMID:[Laboratory and clinical studies of cefodizime in pediatric field]. 279 57

Cefodizime (CDZM, THR-221), a new cephem antibiotic, was investigated for its clinical efficacy and pharmacokinetics in children. The results obtained are summarized as follows. 1. Antimicrobial activities Antimicrobial activities of CDZM against clinically isolated organisms were determined. MICs of CDZM against 1 strain each of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae were 0.05 micrograms/ml to 0.10 micrograms/ml. Especially, MIC against all 6 strains of Haemophilus influenzae was less than or equal to 0.024 micrograms/ml. This MIC value was lower than those of other antibiotics such as cefotaxime, cefotiam, cefazolin, piperacillin. 2. Pharmacokinetics CDZM was given to 1 case at a dose of 20 mg/kg by a 60-minute intravenous drip infusion. The peak value of serum concentration of CDZM was 207.80 micrograms/ml at the end of the infusion. The half-life was 2.15 hours. The mean urinary excretion rate was 68.5% in the first 4 hours, 79.2% in 6 hours and 76.5% in 8 hours after the 30-minute drip infusion. 3. Clinical efficacy CDZM was given to a total of 27 patients, 13 with pneumonia, 1 with bronchitis, 2 with acute pharyngitis, 1 with purulent tonsillitis, 5 with urinary tract infection, 1 each with retrograde cholangitis, acute enteritis, pericementitis, phlegmon and inguinal lymphadenitis. Overall clinical efficacies were excellent in 5 cases, good in 17 and the efficacy rate was 81%. Bacteriological effects were investigated in 13 cases and the eradication rate was 85%. No adverse reactions were observed in any case. As abnormal laboratory findings, elevated GOT, GPT, A1-P, LAP and gamma-GTP, were noted in 1 out of the 28 cases examined.
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PMID:[Clinical and pharmacokinetic evaluation of cefodizime in children]. 279 60

Cefodizime (CDZM, THR-221) was given intravenously to 20 children with the following acute bacterial infections: 2 cases each of tonsillitis, bronchitis, purulent cervical lymphadenitis, and urinary tract infections and 12 cases of pneumonia. Good clinical responses were obtained in 18 patients out of the 20, and bacteriologically, all of the 5 strains identified were eradicated. No side effect was obtained except one case of eosinophilia. From the above clinical results, it is apparent that CDZM is a useful antibiotic for the treatment of pediatric patients with various kinds of bacterial infections.
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PMID:[Clinical experience with cefodizime in pediatric field]. 279 63

Twenty nine children were treated with cefpodoxime proxetil (CPDX-PR, CS-807) and the clinical efficacy and side effects were evaluated. Ages of the patients ranged from 2 months to 10 years. Dose levels of CPDX-PR ranged from 7.5 to 12.0 mg/kg/day for 5 to 12.7 days. The 29 patients included 9 tonsillitis, 2 otitis media, 5 scarlet fever, 3 bronchopneumonia, 1 lymphadenitis, 8 urinary tract infections and 1 staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome, and they were evaluated for the clinical efficacy of CPDX-PR. Results were excellent in 21 and good in 8 patients. Out of the 29 patients, 3 cases showed diarrhea and 2 cases showed elevated GOT and GPT. The pharmacokinetics of CPDX-PR was studied in 9 patients whose ages ranged from 1 to 9 years. The serum peak concentrations of CPDX in 5 patients were between 1.37 and 4.10 micrograms/ml (mean: 2.53 micrograms/ml) at 1 to 6 hours after dosing 3 mg/kg before meals. Those of 4 patients ranged 3.29 to 4.88 micrograms/ml (mean: 4.36 micrograms/ml) at 2 hours after administering 6 mg/kg before meals. Portions of CPDX excreted into urine within 6 hours ranged from 20.3 to 34.3% (mean 27.1%) in 5 patients who were given 3 mg/kg, and ranged from 24.1 to 65.7% (mean 41.1%) in 4 patients given 6 mg/kg.
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PMID:[Clinical and pharmacokinetic evaluation of cefpodoxime proxetil in children]. 281 Jul 21

Twenty-six children were treated with cefteram pivoxil (CFTM-PI) and the clinical efficacy and side effects were evaluated. Ages of the patients ranged from 8 months to 9 years. Doses of CFTM-PI ranged 7.5-20.1 mg/kg/day for 4 to 19 days. The twenty-six patients including 10 patients with tonsillitis, 1 pharyngitis, 3 otitis media, 2 scarlet fever, 1 bronchopneumonia, 1 lymphadenitis, 6 urinary tract infections, 1 vaginitis and 1 staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome were evaluated for clinical efficacy. Results were excellent in 11, good in 13, and fair in 2 patients. Out of the 26 patients, one case showed elevated GOT and GPT, and another case showed elevated GOT. The pharmacokinetic study of CFTM-PI was performed in 9 fasting patients whose ages ranged from 2 to 11 years. Serum peak concentrations of CFTM were 0.92 to 1.05 micrograms/ml (mean 0.99 microgram/ml) at 1 to 2 hours after a dose of 1.5 mg/kg each to 3 patients, 1.12 to 1.38 micrograms/ml (mean 1.25 micrograms/ml) after a dose of 3 mg/kg each to 3 patients and 0.66 to 2.1 micrograms/ml (mean 1.17 micrograms/ml) after a dose of 6 mg/kg each to 3 patients. The portions of the drug excreted into urine within 8 hours were 8.9% and 14.7% in 2 patients, each given a dose of 1.5 mg/kg, from 13.0 to 23.1% (mean 18.4%) in 3 patients, each given a dose of 3 mg/kg, and 6.3% and 8.7% in 2 patients, each given a dose of 6 mg/kg.
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PMID:[Clinical and pharmacokinetic evaluation of cefteram pivoxil in children]. 281 Jul 36

Laboratory and clinical studies on cefteram pivoxil(cefteram) a new cephem antibiotic, were carried out in the field of pediatrics. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. Serum concentrations, urinary concentrations and urinary recovery rates of cefteram (CFTM) were determined upon oral administration after meal of cefteram pivoxil (CFTM-PI) at doses of 3 mg/kg granules in 2 cases and 6 mg/kg granules in 2. Peak serum levels of CFTM were obtained at 3 hours in 2 cases and 4 hours in 2 cases after administration of the drug with a range of 0.74-2.2 micrograms/ml with half-lives of 0.77-3.62 hours. Urinary recovery rates in 8 hours after administration ranged from 9.6-23.0%. 2. MICs of CFTM against 22 clinical isolates (Streptococcus pyogenes 4 strains, Streptococcus pneumoniae 4, Staphylococcus aureus 2, Branhamella catarrhalis 1, Haemophilus influenzae 8, Haemophilus parainfluenzae 1, and Escherichia coli 2) were compared with those of cefaclor (CCL), cephalexin (CEX), and ampicillin (ABPC). The antibacterial activity of CFTM was superior to those of CCL and CEX, and was superior against Gram-negative rods and equal against Gram-positive cocci to those of ABPC. 3. Twenty-six pediatric patients with acute infectious diseases (scarlet fever 3 cases, tonsillitis 7, epiglottitis 1, bronchitis 5, pneumonia 5, urinary tract infection 3, cervical lymphadenitis 2) were treated with CFTM-PI at daily doses of 9.3-15.3 mg/kg t.i.d. as a rule. The efficacy rates were 100% clinically and 70% bacteriologically. 4. Side effects or abnormal laboratory test values were not observed except for an increased platelet count in 1 case.
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PMID:[Laboratory and clinical studies on cefteram pivoxil in the field of pediatrics]. 281 Jul 48

The clinical efficacy and the safety of cefteram pivoxil granule (CFTM-PI, T-2588), a newly prepared drug for pediatric use, were performed. A total of 60 patients with ages between 6 months and 14 years 3 months with pediatric infections were medicated with CFTM-PI at dose levels of 3.2-9.9 mg/kg 3 times daily for 3-11 days. Clinical responses to the drug were excellent in 3 of 3 patients with acute pharyngitis, excellent in 14, good in 5 and poor in 2 of 21 patients with acute purulent tonsillitis, excellent in 1 and good in 2 of 3 patients with acute bronchitis, excellent in 16 and good in 8 of 24 patients with acute pneumonia, excellent in 3 and good in 1 of 4 patients with acute urinary tract infection and excellent in 2 of 2 patients with acute purulent lymphadenitis, hence the overall clinical efficacy rate was 96.5% in a total of 57 patients. Bacteriological responses to the drug were as follows: Eradicated, 8 strains of Streptococcus pyogenes, 3 strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae, 19 strains of Haemophilus influenzae (beta-lactamase positive; 7, beta-lactamase negative; 12), 1 strain of Haemophilus parainfluenzae (beta-lactamase positive) and 4 strains of Escherichia coli (beta-lactamase positive; 1, beta-lactamase negative; 3), decreased, 1 strain of S. pyogenes, hence the eradication rate was 97.2%. No side effects were encountered in any of the patients but for 3 who had diarrhoea and 1 who had loose stool, though these changes were slight. As abnormal laboratory test data, elevation of GOT was noted in 1 case, thrombocytosis and elevation of GPT in another. Also, none of the patients refused or complained of difficulty in intaking of the drug via oral route. In conclusion, CFTM-PI appeared to be a safe and highly effective antibiotic against pediatric infections.
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PMID:[Clinical studies of cefteram pivoxil in pediatrics]. 281 Jul 58

The clinical effectiveness of cefteram pivoxil (CFTM-PI) granule, a new oral cephalosporin, was studied in pediatric patients. The results are summarized as follows. 1. CFTM-PI was given orally to 17 children in daily doses of 9.5 to 31.8 mg/kg in 3 to 4 divided portions for 2 to 10 days. Clinical evaluations were made on 14 patients. Clinical effects of CFTM-PI were excellent in 4, good in 5 of 9 patients with tonsillitis or pharyngitis, excellent in all cases of 2 patients with pneumonia, 1 patient with scarlet fever and 1 patient with pyelonephritis, and fair in 1 patient with purulent cervical lymphadenitis. Overall clinical effects were excellent in 8, good in 5, and fair in 1 with an efficacy rate of 92.9%. 2. No side effects were observed in any of the 17 patients. Hematological tests showed a slight elevation of blood platelet counts in 1 patient. 3. The taste and odor of CFTM-PI granule were well accepted by the children. 4. CFTM-PI is a useful oral antibiotic for the treatment of bacterial infections in pediatrics.
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PMID:[A clinical study on cefteram pivoxil granule in the field of pediatrics]. 281 Jul 61

Cefteram pivoxil (CFTM-PI), the pivaloyloxymethyl ester of cefteram (CFTM) in which aminothiazol was also introduced into the 7 position of cephem nucleus, is a new oral cephem antibiotic. CFTM-PI was absorbed through the intestines and hydrolyzed to CFTM by esterases in the intestinal wall and existed in the body fluids as CFTM. A tablet form of this drug has been released in Japan and now a granular form for pediatric patients has been developed. We have determined MICs of 5 drugs (CFTM, cephalexin (CEX), cefaclor (CCL), ampicillin (ABPC), erythromycin (EM], against stock strains and MICs of 6 drugs (CFTM, CEX, CCL, ABPC, methicillin, cloxacillin) against fresh strains from patients received to CFTM-PI, with an inoculum size of 10(6) cfu/ml. A total of 149 strains included Gram-positive cocci i.e. Staphylococcus aureus (11), Streptococcus pyogenes (85), Streptococcus agalactiae (16) and Streptococcus pneumoniae (4), and Gram-negative rods i.e. Haemophilus influenzae (11), Bordetella pertussis (11), Escherichia coli (9), Proteus mirabilis (1) and Morganella morganii (1). The granular form of CFTM-PI was administered to 9 boys (age: 8 years 3 months approximately 10 years 10 months) to determine serum and urinary concentrations of the drug and its urinary recovery rates using bioassay. Doses of 1.5, 3.0 and 6.0 mg/kg were given orally 30 minutes after meal to 3 boys, respectively. Urinary concentrations and its urinary recovery rates of T-2525A, a main metabolite of CFTM, were determined using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). To study clinical and bacteriological effects of this drug, a mean daily dose of 3.3 mg/kg divided 3-4 times a day (3 times: 133 cases, 4 times: 9 cases) was administered for 8 days on the average to a total of 142 cases with pharyngitis (22), tonsillitis (12), acute bronchitis (3), pneumonia (11), pleurisy (1), scarlet fever (28), acute purulent otitis media (16), impetigo (13), abscess (2), purulent lymphadenitis (1) and urinary tract infection (33). Adverse reactions and abnormal effects on laboratory test values attributable to this drug were studied in patients. The results obtained are summarized as follows. 1. With regard to Gram-positive cocci, MICs of CFTM against 11 fresh strains of S. aureus ranged from 3.13 to 6.25 micrograms/ml except for 1 strain, thus CFTM was equally effective to CEX, but less active than the other drugs tested.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies of cefteram pivoxil granule in the pediatric field]. 281 Jul 62

Sultamicillin (SBTPC) is a combined drug of ampicillin (ABPC) and sulbactam (SBT) which is an inhibitor of beta-lactamase, in a clinical form of tosylate with equivalent molecules in ester linkages. A tablet form of this combined drug has been released since July, 1987 in Japan and now a granular form for pediatric patients has been developed. Hence, the granular form of SBTPC was administered to 6 boys (age: 8 years 5 months-11 years 5 months) to determine plasma and urinary concentrations of the drug and its urinary recovery-rates. The dose of 10 mg/kg or 15 mg/kg was given orally just after meal to 3 boys. To study clinical and bacteriological effects of this drug, a mean daily dose of 27.1 mg/kg divided 2-4 times a day was administered for 9 days on the average to a total of 57 cases with pharyngitis (5), tonsillitis (5), laryngitis (1), bronchitis (1), pneumonia (8), scarlet fever (1), typhoid fever (1), impetigo (16), furuncle (2), abscess (6), lymphadenitis (1) and urinary tract infection (10) except 2 cases which were unevaluable for clinical effects. MICs of 7 drugs (SBTPC, ABPC, SBT, methicillin (DMPPC), cloxacillin (MCIPC), cephalexin and cefaclor) against 12 of 22 strains isolated from patients with infections of skin and soft tissue were determined with inoculum-sizes of 10(8) and 10(8) CFU/ml to study beta-lactamase producing activities. Adverse reactions and abnormal effects on laboratory test values attributable to this drug were studied in patients including dropped-out cases. The results obtained are summarized as follows. 1. Mean plasma peak levels of ABPC and SBT were observed at 1 hour after administration in both of the 10 mg/kg and the 15 mg/kg groups with values of 2.34 and 5.57 micrograms/ml for ABPC and 1.87 and 4.66 micrograms/ml for SBT, respectively. Mean concentrations of SBT were lower than those of ABPC in both groups and individuals. Dose-responses in plasma levels and AUCs were observed in both groups. Mean half-life values of ABPC and SBT in the 2 groups were 1.93 and 1.12 hours for ABPC and 1.97 and 1.22 for SBT, respectively. Mean half-life values for ABPC and SBT were similar in each group and this tendency was also seen among individuals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies of sultamicillin granule in the pediatric field]. 324 72


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