Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0040425 (tonsillitis)
 1,594 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Fundamental and clinical studies of PC-904, a newly developed penicillin with a broad spectrum, were performed and the following results were obtained. (1) The serum levels of PC-904 after 1.5 hours drip infusion reached the peak at 1 hour or at the end of the infusion and the detectable levels of PC-904 were maintained up to 2 or 3 hours after the end of the infusion. (2) The urinary excretion rates up to 6 hours after the onset of the infusion were 19.2 approximately 25.5%. (3) Forty-one patients were treated with PC-904 and the majority of the diseases were acute respiratory infections. The treatment by the drip infusion of 50 approximately 100 mg/kg/day resulted in good responses to whooping cough, and lacunar tonsillitis, lymphadenitis and staphylococcal scald skin syndrome resistant to the treatment by ampicillin and cephalexin. The satisfactory results were also obtained by the treatment of almost the same dosage in the patients with acute bronchitis, bronchopneumonia and measles pneumonia. (4) Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae were isolated from the sputum culture of the patients with bronchopneumonia and they responded well to the treatment with PC-904. (5) The drip infusion of 60 approximately 70 mg/kg/day for 5 approximately 6 days was shown to be useful in the treatment of urinary tract infection of which the causative organism was E. coli. (6) No side effects were observed except rubella-like eruption in one case. (7) Clinical evaluation was examined in all cases except one patient of which the medication was withdrawn due to eruption, and the overall clinical efficacy was excellent or good in all of 40 cases.
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PMID:[Fundamental and clinical studies in pediatrics on PC-904, a penicillin with broad spectrum newly developed in Japan (author's transl)]. 69 Dec 61

Clinical and laboratory studies on S-6437 were made, and the following results were obtained. 1. Thirty pediatric patients with various types of infections such as tonsillitis, bronchitis, pneumonia, cystitis, pyelitis, lymphadenitis colli and pyodermia were treated with S-6437 at the daily dosage of 50 mg/kg orally, the clinical effectiveness was 89.3%. 2. The peak blood level of cephalexin after a single oral administration (25 mg/kg) was observed after 4 hours and the average peak blood level of 10 cases was 7.4 microgram/ml. 3. The average urinary excretion rate of 5 cases was 71.2%. 4. Mild side effects were noticed in a few cases.
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PMID:[Clinical and laboratory studies on S-6437 (a new longacting granule of cephalexin) in pediatric field (author's transl)]. 91 90

Neck masses in children most often represent benign lymphadenitis due to infection. The involved lymph nodes are usually small, shotty, diffusely distributed, and superficial. They may be tender and associated with an acute upper respiratory infection or with chronic infection of the tonsils and adenoids. Enlargement of the jugulodigastric node is most often associated with tonsillitis, and the spinal accessory group of nodes with adenoiditis. Acute viral diseases may be associated with lymphadenopathy; mononucleosis is the most striking example. The differential diagnosis must include deep neck-space abscesses, congenital cysts, and benign as well as malignant neoplasms. A diagnosis can be derived from a consideration of the history and physical findings, the age of the patient, and the location, size, and consistency of the mass. A careful otolaryngologic exam--including the nasopharynx, a chest radiograph, and appropriate blood studies--should be routine. When malignancy is suspected, a biopsy of the mass is indicated.
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PMID:Neck masses in children: diagnosis and treatment. 95 41

A review of 72 cases of epiglottitis seen at the Children's Hospital of Denver was undertaken to determine the incidence of extraepiglottic and septic foci in this disease. A parallel review of the literature was also undertaken. The clinical, bacteriologic, laboratory, and radiologic findings of this patient population are described. A 25% incidence of both pneumonia and cervical lymphadenitis was found to be associated with this illness. Exudative tonsillitis and otitis media were the only other complications, although they were infrequently noted. No cases of septic arthritis or meningitis were encountered, although 50% of these patients were recognized as bacteremic. A low incidence of septic complications (eight cases of meningitis and one case of periarticular abscess) is noted in a review of the literature. Recommendations for antibiotic management and definition of the population at risk for septic complications are given.
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PMID:Epiglottitis: incidence of extraepiglottic infection: report of 72 cases and review of the literature. 108 24

Clinical effect of amoxicillin was evaluated in 29 cases of the acute infections of ear, nose and throat: 8 cases of acute purulent otitis media, one case of acute otitis externa, one case of furuncle of the ear, 2 cases of acute sinusitis, 12 cases of acute lacunar tonsillitis, 2 cases of pharyngolaryngitis, one case of acute cervical lymphadenitis, one case of phlegmon of the face and one case of acute gingivitis. The following results were obtained from the clinical and laboratory studies. 1) The therapeutic results were excellent in 18 cases, good in 5 cases, fair in 3 cases and poor in 3 cases. The effect was observed in 79.3% of the patients treated. 2) The causative bacteria were: 3 strains of beta-Streptococcus hemolyticus, 4 strains of Hemophilus, 4 strains of Staphylococcus aureus, one strain of Diplococcus pneumoniae, one strain of Gram-positive Diplococcus and Gram-negative Bacillus. Clinically good results were obtained in patients infected with beta-Streptococcus hemolyticus, Hemophilus and Diplococcus pneumoniae. 3) No side effect was observed with amoxicillin, except slight diarrhea in one case. This side effect disappeared by cessation of the administration. 4) No unfavourable influence was noticed on peripheral blood, liver function nor renal function by administration of amoxicillin. 5) From the results of this series, amoxicillin seems to be useful in the treatment of acute infections of the ear, nose and throat.
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PMID:[Clinical study on amoxicillin in otorhinolaryngological field (author's transl)]. 115 88

Cefprozil (CFPZ), a newly developed oral cephalosporin in a fine granular form for pediatric use, was administered to children with bacterial infections. MICs were determined for 6 drugs including CFPZ, cephalexin (CEX), cefaclor (CCL), ampicillin (ABPC), methicillin (DMPPC) and cloxacillin (MCIPC) against the following 84 strains isolated from cases to which CFPZ was administered; 55 strains of Gram-positive cocci (GPC) including 2 strains of Staphylococcus aureus, 49 strains of Streptococcus pyogenes, 4 strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae, and 29 strains of Gram-negative bacilli (GNB) including 10 strains of Haemophilus influenzae, 18 strains of Escherichia coli, and 1 strain of Proteus mirabilis. MIC determination of these strains was done with an inoculum size of 10(6) CFU/ml. In pharmacokinetic studies, serum concentrations, urinary concentrations and urinary recovery rates were investigated using bioassay and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). CFPZ was orally administered 30 minutes before meals to 9 children with ages ranging from 7 years and 1 month to 12 years and 3 months. Three groups of 3 children were tested with doses of 4.0, 7.5 and 15.0 mg/kg, respectively. In addition to the above, clinical and bacteriological studies were performed in a total of 160 cases consisting of children with ages ranging 5 months to 12 years and 5 months. A mean dose of 8.6 mg/kg in 3-4 divided doses (130 cases of t.i.d. and 30 cases of q.i.d.) was administered for an average of 7 days. The 160 cases included 34 cases of pharyngitis, 5 cases of tonsillitis, 8 cases of acute bronchitis, 8 cases of pneumonia, 52 cases of scarlet fever, 4 cases of acute purulent otitis media, 47 cases of urinary tract infection, 1 case of purulent lymphadenitis and 1 case of posthitis. Adverse reactions and abnormal clinical laboratory test results were also examined in 166 cases, including 6 cases excluded from the evaluation of clinical efficacy. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. With regard to GPC, MICs of CFPZ against 2 strains of S. aureus were 0.78 or 1.56 micrograms/ml and CFPZ showed the second highest activity to MCIPC. MICs of CFPZ against 49 strains of S. pyogenes were all less than 0.025 micrograms/ml.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies on cefprozil granules in the pediatric field]. 128 89

Cefprozil (CFPZ, BMY-28100) is a new oral cephem antibiotic without an ester linkage. Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies using CFPZ 10% fine granules were performed in pediatric patients. 1. Pharmacokinetic investigation Peak serum concentrations of CFPZ after dose of 7.5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg were, respectively, 3.65 +/- 0.24 micrograms/ml and 6.38 +/- 3.23 micrograms/ml at 1-2 hours. The average half-life with 7.5 mg/kg administration was 0.90 +/- 0.16 hours and that with 10 mg/kg was 1.29 +/- 0.50 hours. The urinary excretion of CFPZ was about 45% (35.3-50.0%) in 6 hours. 2. Clinical investigation Enrolled in the study were 22 patients including 4 with pharyngitis, 3 with tonsillitis, 3 with bronchitis, 5 with pneumonia, 4 with urinary tract infection, and 1 each with pertussis, purulent lymphadenitis and otitis media. Responses were excellent in 14 patients, good in 5 patients and fair in 1 patient. In the assessment of the bacteriological efficacy, 8 out of 17 strains of organism identified previous to the treatment were eradicated, 5 strains were found replaced by other bacteria and 4 strains persisted, hence the eradication rate was 76.5%. 3. No adverse reactions attributable to the drug were observed. From the above results, it has been concluded that CFPZ is a highly effective and safe agent for moderate respiratory and urinary tract infections in children.
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PMID:[Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies of cefprozil fine granules in children]. 128 90

Over a period of 9 years in general practice temporary enlargement of the spleen was found in 29 episodes of pharyngitis or tonsillitis, in 2 episodes of acute upper respiratory tract infection other than pharyngitis and in 6 episodes of acute cervical lymphadenitis. In five patients more than one episode of illness associated with splenomegaly was recorded. In 26 of the 37 episodes a possible aetiology was identified. Evidence only of infection with group A streptococci was found in 14 episodes, adenoviruses or coxsackie B viruses were isolated alone in 4 episodes and in 4 episodes the only finding was the presence in the blood of more than occasional atypical mononuclear cells; in 4 episodes there was evidence of both streptococcal and viral infection. Episodes with evidence of streptococcal infection only tended to be of shorter duration and to be more evenly distributed over the year than were episodes without such evidence. Temporary splenomegaly was noted also in two children with varicella (one of whom also had streptococcal infection) and in an adult with probable rubella.
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PMID:Splenomegaly in acute infections due to group A streptococci and viruses. 139 11

Cefprozil (CFPZ, BMY-28100) granules was administered to a group of pediatric patients. The new oral cephalosporin, CFPZ, was evaluated clinically in 42 pediatric patients, and a pharmacokinetic study was performed in 6 patients. Serum and urinary concentrations of CFPZ were determined in 6 patients who were given single dose of 7.5 or 15.0 mg/kg. Serum concentrations were determined at 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6 hours after dosing. Urinary concentrations were measured for periods of 0-6 hours after dosing. With oral administrations of 7.5 mg/kg and 15.0 mg/kg, peak serum concentrations were 2.13 micrograms/ml and 6.22 micrograms/ml, respectively, at 2 hours, and biological half-lives were 1.06 hours and 1.36 hours, respectively. Urinary recovery rates were 44.8% and 56.1%. The clinical evaluation was conducted in 41 patients including 16 patients with acute tonsillitis, 8 patients with lacunar tonsillitis, 4 patients with scarlet fever, 3 patients with acute bronchitis, 1 patient each with pertussis, furuncle, impetigo and lymphadenitis, and 6 patients with urinary tract infections. The ages of the patients were 10 month to 11 years 1 month, and they were treated with CFPZ at doses ranging 9.0-45.0 mg/kg daily for 3-14 days, the overall clinical efficacy rate was 92.7%. An eradication rate of 79.2% was achieved for 28 strains of 8 species identified in the patients. No side effects were observed. Abnormal laboratory test results obtained were eosinophilia in 2 patients.
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PMID:[Clinical studies on cefprozil granules in pediatrics]. 149 34

We conducted a pharmacokinetic and clinical study on cefpirome (HR 810, CPR), an aminothiazolylmethoxyiminoacetamido cephalosporin (ATOIC), and obtained the following results. 1. Concentrations in blood/excretion in urine. We studied pharmacokinetic in children upon intravenous bolus injections and 30-minute and 1-hour intravenous drip infusions in single dosages of 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg, and obtained virtually the same results as those found in adult subjects. Upon intravenous bolus injections, mean blood concentrations 30 minutes after administration of 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg were 26.1, 47.8, and 82.8 micrograms/ml, respectively, and half-lives were 1.13, 1.43, and 1.26 hours, respectively. Upon 30-minute intravenous drip infusion, mean blood concentrations on completion of the drip infusions of 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg were 43.2, 106.9, and 163.0 micrograms/ml, respectively, and half-lives were 1.15, 1.09, and 1.15 hours, respectively. In addition, upon 1-hour intravenous drip infusion, mean blood concentrations on completion of infusion were 27.1 micrograms/ml for 10 mg/kg and 47.5 micrograms/ml for 20 mg/kg, and half-lives were 1.09 and 1.40 hours, respectively. A clear dose response was observed at all dosages for either administration method. Mean excretion rates in urine in the first 8 hours after administration were 60.6-71.1% upon intravenous bolus injections of 10-40 mg/kg, and upon intravenous drip infusion, the values were 50.2-83.8% for administration of 10-40 mg/kg 6 or 7 hours after completion of drip infusion. 2. Concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid Penetration into the cerebrospinal fluid was studied in 2 subjects, and a concentration of 0.28-5.19 micrograms/ml was observed upon administration of 50 mg/kg, a moderate degree of penetration compared to the penetration of cephalosporins of group 5 studied up to now. 3. Clinical results Evaluation of clinical effects of CPR on various types of bacterial infections was conducted in 56 subjects, excluding 3 subjects who had diseases which were excluded from the study. The breakdown was as follows: 3 cases of meningitis, 1 case of septicemia, 25 cases of bronchial pneumonia, 1 case each of tonsillitis and infection of the external acoustic meatus, 2 cases each of scarlet fever and phlegmon, 8 cases each of lymphadenitis and urinary tract infections, and 5 cases of staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome. Results of excellent or good were obtained in 54 subjects for an efficacy rate of 96.4%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[Pharmacokinetic and clinical evaluation of cefpirome in the pediatric field]. 204 Nov 59


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