Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0040425 (tonsillitis)
 1,594 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Pharmacokinetics of ceftizoxime (CZX), a new cephalosporin antibiotic, was investigated in 9 children with normal renal and hepatic function. In addition, the clinical effect of CZX was evaluated in 26 pediatric patients with various infections. In 4 of the 9 children with normal renal and hepatic function, intravenous bolus injection of CZX in a dose of 20 mg/kg yielded a mean peak serum level of 36.5 micrograms/ml at 1/2 hour after infusion, and mean serum levels of 12.5 micrograms/ml at 2 hours and 6.0 micrograms/ml at 4 hours after infusion. The biological half-lives of CZX were estimated to be 1.25--2.55 hours. In another child, serum levels of CZX at 1/2, 2 and 4 hours after intravenous bolus injection in a dose of 10 mg/kg were 19.60, 5.96 and 2.06 micrograms/ml, respectively. The clear difference in dose response between 20 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg reflected the doubled dose levels. In the remaining 4 children, drip infusion of CZX in a dose of 20 mg/kg (1 child 17 mg/kg) over 0.5--1.5 hours yielded peak serum levels at the end of infusion. The biological half-lives of CZX were estimated to be 0.95--1.50 hours. About 80% of CZX was excreted in the urine within 6 hours after infusion in the 4 children tested. Twenty-six pediatric patients with various infections were treated with CZX intravenous doses of 20 mg/kg to 118 mg/kg b.i.d.--q.i.d. for 3--14 days. Of the 12 patients with acute bronchitis and pneumonia, 5 showed excellent response, 6 good and 1 fair response. Of the 5 patients with urinary tract infection, 4 showed excellent response and 1 good response. One patient each with colitis, tonsillitis and facial cellulitis, pharyngitis showed excellent response and 1 patient each with purulent thyroiditis and gluteal abscess showed good response. The single patients with sepsis showed excellent response. One patient each with pyothorax, purulent arthritis and cerebral abscess showed poor response. Overall effectiveness rate was 84.6%. although 22 of all 26 patients treated had serious underlying diseases such as APL, AML. A mild increase in GOT and GPT was observed in 1 patient during treatment with CZX, and the values returned to normal after discontinuation of the drug. These results suggest that ceftizoxime is 1 of the most important antibiotics for treating a wide range of infections in children as well as in adults.
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PMID:[Pharmacokinetics and clinical evaluation of ceftizoxime (author's transl)]. 627 8

Ceftezole (CTZ) was administered to 20 patients with hematopoietic malignancy complicated with infections. These patients consisted of 7 cases of AML, 2 ALL, 2 AMMoL, 1 APL, 1 blast crisis of CML, 2 HD, and 5 NHL. In 13 cases, sites of infection were determined and causative organisms were identified. In other 7 cases, sites of infection or causative organisms were unknown. In the former 13 cases, pneumonia was demonstrated in 6 patients, tonsillitis in 4 patients, pyelonephritis in 2 patients and sepsis in 1 patient. Klebsiella was separated from 5 patients as the causative organisms, E. coli from 2 patients, E. coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa from 1 patient, Pseudomonas cepacia from 1 patient, Streptococcus viridans from 2 patients, Proteus from 1 patient and Torulopsis from 1 patient. Gram-negative rods were separated from 10 of the 13 cases (77%) as the causative organisms. CTZ was administered intravenously in dose from 4 g to 16 g per day combined with other antibiotics (AMK, GM, DKB, TOB, SBPC, CBPC, LC, ST). The response rate in 12 cases of acute leukemia and in 7 cases of malignant lymphoma was 58% and 43%, respectively. Infections occurred in 4 patients with less than 100 neutrophil per mm3 did never favorably responded even with CTZ.
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PMID:[Treatment of infection in the patients wih hematopoietic malignancy with ceftezole (Falomesin) (author's transl)]. 721 16

In contrast to solid organ transplantation (Tx), the incidence of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD) after hematopoietic stem cell Tx (HSCT) is generally low. This risk, however, is significantly elevated in patients receiving human leukocyte antigen (HLA) mis-matched or T-cell-depleted grafts, or after treatment for severe graft-versus-host disease (GvHD). An 18-yr-old patient with positive Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) serology received a fully matched, unmanipulated bone marrow graft from an unrelated EBV-positive donor for treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in second complete remission. GvHD prophylaxis was performed with cyclosporin A (CsA) and a short course of methotrexate. Four months after Tx, the patient developed ulcerative tonsillitis that was unresponsive to antibiotic treatment. Diarrhea appearing simultaneously was interpreted as gastrointestinal GvHD and steroids were added to CsA. A few days later the patient was admitted to hospital because of generalized seizure and pneumonia. Despite reduction of immunosuppression, intensification of anti-viral treatment, and subsequent mechanical ventilation, the patient died of acute respiratory distress 6 days later. Autopsy demonstrated disseminated EBV-induced, multi-nodular lymphoma infiltration of the entire colon but no signs of GvHD. Moreover, both lungs, paratracheal lymph nodes, kidneys, thyroid gland, and liver were infiltrated with large B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. This case underlines the rapid and aggressive course of EBV-induced disseminated PTLD after HSCT, initially mimicking intestinal GvHD because of massive colonic lymphoma infiltration. Tissue biopsies should be performed early for establishing correct diagnosis, thus enabling specific therapy, e.g. infusion of donor leukocytes with cytotoxic T-lymphocytes.
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PMID:Epstein-Barr virus-associated post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease after bone marrow transplantation mimicking graft-versus-host disease. 1127 9

A 37-year-old woman was admitted to hospital with severe tonsillitis with unilateral necrotizing tonsillitis. She suddenly got fever, malaise, difficulties swallowing, pain in the throat and deterioration despite four days of penicillin treatment. During hospitalisation, she experienced abdominal pain, and blood tests showed pancytopenia. She was transferred to a haematological department, where a bone marrow biopsy showed acute myeloid leukaemia. Subsequently, an abdominal computed tomography with intravenous contrast revealed bilateral renal vein thrombosis, probably because of coagulopathy due to leukaemia.
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PMID:[Necrotizing tonsillitis and renal vein thrombosis due to acute myeloid leukaemia]. 2294 28