Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0040425 (tonsillitis)
 1,594 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A total of 900 consecutive admissions to the Regional Infection Unit at the City Hospital Aberdeen in 1991 have been analysed and the results compared with a similar study during 1980 and 1981. The annual number of admissions increased from 605 to 900, of which 72% in 1991 had proven infections compared with 60% a decade earlier. More patients were admitted with gastroenteritis, tonsillitis and soft tissue infection in 1991 and fewer with non-infectious jaundice. HIV-related conditions contributed 4% of the admissions and 29% of the mortality. Brucellosis disappeared as a reason for requesting hospital admission in North East Scotland.
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PMID:An analysis of 900 consecutive admissions to a regional infection unit. 780 82

In an open, controlled, randomized multicenter study, 160 children suffering from pharyngitis and/or tonsillitis were treated with either 8 mg cefixime/kg body weight once daily for 5 days or 20,000 I.U. penicillin V/kg body weight t.i.d. for 10 days. One hundred fifty-one children were evaluable for clinical efficacy. In the cefixime group, 65 (86.7%) children were cured, seven (9.3%) were significantly improved, one (1.3%) relapsed and in two (2.7%) therapy failed. Of the patients treated with penicillin V, 69 (90.8%) were cured, five (6.6%) improved, one (1.3%) relapsed and in one (1.3%) therapy failed. Elimination of initial pathogens occurred in 57 (82.6%) patients treated with cefixime and in 60 (88.2%) treated with penicillin V. At 3 to 4 weeks after the end of treatment, six relapses were seen in the cefixime group and eight in the penicillin V group. Mild-to-moderate adverse events that were possible related to the medication were seen in four children treated with cefixime and in five treated with penicillin V.
Infection 1995
PMID:5-day cefixime therapy for bacterial pharyngitis and/or tonsillitis: comparison with 10-day penicillin V therapy. Cefixime Study Group. 853 38

The incidence of oral alpha-streptococcus with inhibitory activity against group A streptococcus, as a defense mechanism against bacterial infection in the oral cavity, was investigated in pediatric individuals with tonsillitis. Infection by group A streptococcus appeared to be common in children, because the detection rate of inhibitory alpha-streptococcus in healthy children as well as pediatric patients with tonsillitis was lower than in adults and elderly patients. In particular, the detection rate of these strains was predominantly low in patients with beta-streptococcus. Among pediatric patients scheduled for tonsillectomy, the detection rate of inhibitory alpha-streptococcus was low preoperatively. However, the rate was markedly increased after surgery. The high postoperative detection rate of these strains reflected the decreased incidence of group A streptococcal infection. The results of this investigation of bacterial interference between oral alpha-streptococcus and group A streptococcus suggested that surgical treatment is a more effective approach for improving the oral bacterial flora in children with recurrent tonsillitis.
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PMID:Investigation of oral alpha-streptococcus showing inhibitory activity against pathogens in children with tonsillitis. 855 81

Infection is a well-recognized triggering factor for both guttate and chronic plaque psoriasis. We investigated prospectively 13 patients with recalcitrant psoriasis exacerbated by recurrent tonsillitis, who underwent tonsillectomy between 1990 and 1993. There were 12 female patients and one male, with a mean age of 17 yr (range 6-28). Six patients had guttate psoriasis resistant to standard treatments and seven patients had chronic plaque psoriasis exacerbated by tonsillitis that was severe enough to warrant at least one admission to hospital. Patients were followed by chart review and postal questionnaire. Psoriasis was cleared completely after tonsillectomy in five out of the six patients (83%) with guttate psoriasis and was improved in one patient. Two out of seven patients with plaque psoriasis (29%) were cleared, two (29%) were improved and three (42%) were unchanged. We conclude that tonsillectomy may be a successful treatment modality in selected patients with recalcitrant guttate or chronic plaque psoriasis.
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PMID:Clearance of recalcitrant psoriasis after tonsillectomy. 911 79

The incidence of oral alpha-streptococci with inhibitory activity against group A streptococci, as a defense mechanism against bacterial infection in the oral cavity, was investigated in 141 patients with streptococcal tonsillitis. The study population included both children (n = 79) and adults (n = 62). Infection by group A streptococci appeared to be more common in children than in adults, as the detection rates of inhibitory alpha-streptococci in healthy children (29.7%), as well as pediatric patients with tonsillitis (14.9%), were lower than those in adults (63.0%; p < .01). It is possible to consider oral alpha-streptococci with inhibitory activity to be among the indications for tonsillectomy in patients with streptococcal tonsillitis, since the detection rate of inhibitory alpha-streptococci in surgical cases (10.9%) was significantly lower than that in nonsurgical cases (31.1%; p < .01). The high detection rate of these strains during the postoperative state supported the observation that the incidence of group A streptococcal infection was decreased postoperatively. Accordingly, it is useful to investigate bacterial interference between oral alpha-streptococci and group A streptococci in patients scheduled for tonsillectomy.
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PMID:Interaction between oral alpha-streptococci and group A streptococci in patients with tonsillitis. 922 58

Infections of the upper airways reduce life quality of adults on average twice, that of children even 4 to 8 times a year. Usually these are viral infections subsiding spontaneously without antibiotics. Only if concomittant circumstances arise and in specific clinical situations (otitis, sinusitis, tonsillitis, epiglottitis) as well as in acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis are antibiotics already indicated at first consultation. The physician who is usually consulted by a patient with increasing discomfort under self-medication and who is expecting an antibiotic treatment has next to the clinical findings and prior laboratory test results to consider before all the individual (home, workplace, school) and epidemiologic (influenza) situation, the possible pathogens, their susceptibility to antibiotics as well as the side effects and costs for the decision to prescribe antibiotics. Today because of an increasing pressure of selection for pathogens resistant to antibiotics a greater reluctance to prescribe antibiotics is recommended. This requires close follow-up of the patient with symptomatic treatment or only short "probatory" antibiotic therapy and a good patient-physician relationship.
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PMID:[When and why are antibiotics indicated in airway infections (except pneumonia)?]. 924 62

The acronym WHIM refers to Warts, Hypogammaglobulinemia, Infections, and Myelokathexis. The latter refers to the retention of white cells in the marrow, which becomes hypercellular. We have found approximately 20 examples of WHIM syndrome in the literature under various designations; the first examples are Zuelzer [1964] and Krill et al. [1964]. Chronic noncyclic neutropenia and hypercellular bone marrow represent defective release of marrow cells into the peripheral stream (myelokathexis). The hypermature neutrophils are bizarre in form. Condensed nuclei connected by long, stringy filaments and vacuolated cytoplasm suggest apoptosis. Fever or other stress increases the release of neutrophils. Hypogammaglobulinemia is marked and associated with recurrent upper respiratory infections (sinusitis, tonsillitis, otitis media, pneumonia). Patients have numerous warts, some venereal, with resultant cervical and vulval premalignant dysplasia. We report on a kindred of 6 affected individuals in 3 generations with autosomal dominant WHIM syndrome. The sex ratio among reported patients and in our kindred is 17 female to 8 male. Because there had been no male-to-male transmssion, search of the entire X-chromosome including the pseudoautosomal area was carried out and no linkage was found. Recently, the propositus has had an unaffected daughter, confirming our finding that the gene is not X-linked. A genome-wide search is being carried out.
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PMID:WHIM syndrome, an autosomal dominant disorder: clinical, hematological, and molecular studies. 1076 1

Infection with group A beta-hemolytic streptococci (GABHS) is the most common bacterial cause of acute pharyngitis and tonsillitis beyond infancy. We report on two patients with scarlet fever associated with hepatitis. The patients (boys aged 6 and 7 years) both presented with a scarlatiniform rash, dark urine and light-colored stools. Laboratory studies revealed elevated liver transaminases and negative antibody tests against hepatitis viruses A, B and C, cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus. Both patients were treated with antibiotics and recovered completely within a few days. Although the association between scarlet fever and hepatitis has been known for many decades, the pathogenesis is still unknown. Physicians treating patients with group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal infections should be aware of possible hepatic involvement.
Infection
PMID:Scarlet fever associated with hepatitis--a report of two cases. 1096 36

Among adults, acute sinusitis, tonsillitis/pharyngitis, community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis (AECB) are the most commonly encountered respiratory tract infections (RTIs) in the community. Empiric antibacterial therapy is the most widely used approach for the treatment of such infections. The appropriate antibacterial requires consideration of a number of patient-, pathogen- and drug-related factors. One additional factor is the global spread of resistance among common respiratory pathogens such as Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis, which limits the utility of existing antibacterials. Telithromycin (HMR 3647), the first of a new family of antibacterials, the ketolides, was designed specifically to provide optimal therapy for community-acquired RTIs. This agent, which has a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity against common respiratory pathogens (including resistant strains and atypical/intracellular organisms), has been clinically and bacteriologically evaluated against gold-standard comparators in a series of phase III clinical trials. The results of these studies demonstrate that telithromycin, at a dosage of 800 mg once daily, is an effective, well-tolerated agent for the treatment of the most commonly encountered community-acquired RTIs. Moreover, telithromycin meets the challenge of increasing antibacterial resistance. High rates of clinical cure and bacteriologic eradication were achieved, even in patients infected with problematic resistant pathogens such as penicillinG- and macrolide-resistant S. pneumoniae. In summary, telithromycin represents a promising new antibacterial for the treatment of community-acquired RTIs. With high efficacy and bacterial eradication rates, good tolerability and convenient once-daily administration, telithromycin therapy should result in increased patient compliance and improved outcomes, thereby minimizing the risk of developing antibacterial resistance.
Infection 2001 Dec
PMID:Clinical management of respiratory tract infections in the community: experience with telithromycin. 1178 52

The treatment of respiratory tract infections (RTIs) continues to challenge the knowledgeable and conscientious physician. Upper RTIs such as sinusitis and tonsillitis/pharyngitis - while not generally life-threatening - are associated with personal cost and suffering, while infections of the lower respiratory tract, including community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis (AECB), represent a more serious clinical challenge and account for almost half of all community-acquired infections. Moreover, such infections may be fatal. Laboratory tests for etiologic agents of RTIs are often insensitive and slow and identify the causative pathogen in only a minority of cases. Therapy for RTIs is, therefore, generally presumptive and instituted before there is a clear understanding of etiology. Such an approach requires antibacterials that possess a spectrum of activity which covers both the common and atypical/intracellular pathogens associated with RTIs to enable physicians to confidently prescribe treatment. A major barrier to the confident prescribing of empiric therapies for RTIs is the increasing prevalence of resistance to existing antibacterial agents among respiratory tract pathogens. Increasing levels of antibacterial resistance now threaten the utility of existing agents, primarily the beta-lactams and macrolides, and continue to drive the search for newer agents which retain activity against drug-resistant respiratory tract pathogens. This need is emphasized by recent evidence that bacterial resistance may be associated with poorer clinical outcomes, particularly for patients with severe infections. There is enormous concern and uncertainty about the factors that contribute to increasing bacterial resistance and treatment strategies that should be adopted to minimize this problem. The arguments have raged particularly around recent Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) guidelines on the treatment of CAP, which have advocated a greater role for fluoroquinolones. One school of thought - driven in part by concerns over cost of therapy - advocates the use of older agents such as amoxicillin, in the hope that any resistance that is incurred will be to these agents, leaving the newer agents for select cases with acquired resistance. Advocates of the newer agents argue that this approach represents a false economy and that there is a greater likelihood of first-line success with newer agents, so that patients are less likely to require a second physician visit and a second course of antibacterial therapy.
Infection 2001 Dec
PMID:Barriers to the effective management of respiratory tract infections in the community. 1178 53


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