Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0040425 (tonsillitis)
 1,594 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A study was made with the newly developed cefroxadine (CXD) dry syrup by measuring the serum level, urine excretion and recovery rate in 10 children who were orally administered 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg at 1 hour after meals and the following results were gained. Also, its clinical efficacies and side effects were investigated in the following cases who were treated with a mean dose of 33 mg/day divided into 3 to 4 portions for a period of 9 days on the average; viz. a total of 151 cases consisting of 9 cases of pharyngitis, 39 of tonsillitis, 11 of streptococcal infection, i.e. scarlet fever, 7 of bronchitis, 6 of pneumonia, 1 of otitis media, 6 of purulent lymphadenitis, 1 of purulent parotitis, 1 of subcutaneous abscess and 3 of impetigo. 1. The serum level tends to reach its maximum level within 1 hour after administration. The mean concentrations of 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg dose in the foregoing time were 6.35, 9.12 and 21.62 mcg/ml respectively and dose response was observed. CXD showed higher concentration than CEX, CED and CFT. The mean half-life periods of the 3 dose were 72, 84 and 66 minutes respectively and variations were observed, but the drugs maintains a satisfactory serum level. 2. The time which showed highest urine excretion was mainly in the 0 to 2 hours bracket and the average concentrations of 5 , 10 and 20 mg/kg dose in the foregoing time were 381.2, 771.7 and 1,577.7 mcg/ml respectively. The dose response was more evident than in the serum concentrations. The average recovery rates within 6 hours were 93.6, 88.3 and 94.3% respectively and they were similar to those of CEX, CED and CFT. 3. The clinical effects were evaluated were in 148 cases out of the total of 151 and 136 cases, or 91.9% showed good or excellent efficacy response. 4. The daily dose groups of less than 30 mg/kg and 31 to 40 mg/kg formed the majority and there was no difference in the comparison of the clinical effectiveness in these 2 groups. Administration of a daily dose of 20 to 40 mg/kg is sufficient for the treatment of the aforementioned mild diseases except for pneumonia. 5. The clinical effects were compared between the 3 and 4 times a day treatment groups, but there was no difference between these two groups with regard to the foregoing daily dose. The 3 times a day treatment is acceptable, but the 4 times a day treatment is preferable when pharmacokinetics if taken into account. 6. The bacteriological effects in 41 cases, or 97.6% out of the 42 cases were above the efficacy base line and a high efficacy rate was achieved. 7. With regard to side effects, diarrhea developed in 4 cases and eosinophilia in 6 cases, abnormal simultaneous increases in GOT and GPT in 1 case and 1 case each for abnormal values in LDH and BUN were seen in the clinical test values. The foregoing results show that CXD has high efficacy and safety and it can be said that it is a drug required in the pediatric field.
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PMID:[Absorption, excretion and clinical trials of cefroxadine in the field of pediatrics (author's transl)]. 703 89

MIC of cefadroxil (CDX) against A group beta-Streptococcus was distributed between 0.05-0.2 microgram/ml, that is, more susceptible than cephalexin (CEX) an cefaclor (CCL), and susceptible to tetracycline (TC), erythromycin (EM), lincomycin (LCM) resistant strains. Serum level was higher than CCL administered orally at the same dose, and urinary excretion ratio after oral administration was good similarly to CEX and CCL. Patients treated were mostly scarlet fever and upper respiratory tract infections as acute tonsillitis and lacunar tonsillitis. They responded well to CDX at a daily dose of 30 mg/kg divided into 3-4 times. All cases of scarlet fever became normal temperature within 2 days. Among 14 cases in which A group beta-hemolytic Streptococcus was detected by pharyngeal sputum culture at admission, 11 cases became negative on the 1st day. This result was superior to CEX, when this drug was administered orally at a daily dose of 40-60 mg/kg, bacteria became negative at the ratio of 73.3% on the 2nd day. CDX was effective for acute tonsillitis, lacunar tonsillitis, acute bronchitis, impetigo and maxillary lymphadenitis in which numerous A group beta-Streptococcus, Staphylococcus aureus and Haemophilus influenzae were proven, as well as for acute urinary tract infection due to Escherichia coli. Clinical results of CDX in totalling 69 cases were excellent in 63 cases, good in 6 cases, efficacy ratio being 100%. No local nor systemic side effects were observed in 69 cases including maximum 11 days' treatment, as well as no effect was noticed on hepatic and renal functions. From the above results, it was concluded that satisfactory treatment results may be obtained with CDX dry syrup for children at a daily dose of 20-50 mg/kg divided into 3-4 times in acute infections due to CDX susceptible pathogens.
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PMID:[Some investigations on cefadroxil dry syrup (author's transl)]. 725 97

Basic and clinical evaluations of cefroxadine were carried out in children, and the following results were obtained. 1. Cefroxadine 20 mg/kg was administered to 9 children with heart disease for the prophylaxis against infections before undergoing cardiocatheterization and cardioangiography, and serum levels were determined. Peak levels reached after 30 minutes in 4 of the 9 cases, with a mean peak level of 22.5 mcg/ml and after 1 hour in 5 cases, with a mean peak level of 16.2 mcg/ml. Half life was 3.1 hours in the former group in a 6-hour blood sampling (1.04 hours in a 2-hour sampling) while in the latter group it was 1.37 hours. 2. Clinical responses were evaluated in 56 children comprising 23 cases of pharyngitis, 8 of tonsillitis, 13 of scarlet fever, 10 of urinary tract infections and 2 of impetigo. Fifty of these cases had excellent and good responses showing a efficacy rate of 89.3%. 3. From 42 of the cases, 43 strains were isolated as causative organisms. Major organisms included 27 strains of S. pyogenes, 9 of E. coli and 3 of S. aureus. As for bacteriological responses, all strains were eradicated. 4. No severe side effects were observed except for diarrhea of 1 cases and eosinophilia of 2 cases. Furthermore, no children refused to take cefroxadine dry syrup.
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PMID:[Study of cefroxadine in pediatrics regarding clinical efficacy and serum levels (author's transl)]. 733 84

The authors have carried out the laboratory and clinical studies of cefroxadine (CXD), and obtained the following results. The antibacterial activities of CXD were measured by plate dilution method on 26 clinical isolates of S. aureus, E. coli and K. pneumoniae. CXD inhibited the growth of all strains of S. aureus at concentrations less than 6.25 microgram/ml, the peak of activity distribution was obtained at 3.13 microgram/ml with an inoculum size of 10(6) cells/ml. And the p eak sensitivity distribution of E. coli was obtained at 6.25 microgram/ml. The growth of all strains of K. pneumoniae was inhibited at concentrations of less than 25 microgram/ml. Phagocytosis was determined by QUIE'S method. In the presence of CXD, phagocytosis of human PMNs was not enhanced to E. coli and K. pneumoniae. For pharmacokinetic study, CXD was given orally at a single dose of 10 mg/kg to 3 children before and after meals. The serum levels of CXD on fasting were 14.2 microgram/ml, 11.0 microgram/ml, 4.0 microgram/ml and 0.57 microgram/ml at 0.5, 1, 2. 4 hours after administration respectively, and the level at 6 hours was not detectable. Half-life was 0.65 hours. The serum levels of CXD after meals were 3.9 microgram/ml, 5.3 microgram/ml, 5.3 microgram/ml, 2.4 microgram/ml and 0.42 microgram/ml at 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6 hours after administration respectively, but at 8 hours it was not detectable. Half-life was 0.95 hours. The 8-hour urinary excretion rates on fasting and non fasting were 89.4%, 89.0% respectively. CXD was given to 31 cases with tonsillitis, 4 with bronchitis, 1 with impetigo, 3 with cervical lymphadenitis, 7 with U.T.I, totalling 46. A daily dose of CXD 400 approximately 1,500 mg was given for 4 approximately 14 days. Clinical results obtained were good and excellent responses in 43/46 (93.5%) cases. No side effects were observed except for 1 case with elevation of GOT, 2 cases with elevation of GOT and GPT and 1 case with eosinophilia.
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PMID:[Laboratory and clinical studies of cefroxadine (author's transl)]. 733 88

Clinical efficacy of cefroxadine dry syrup, a new oral cephalosporin antibiotic, was evaluated in children, and the following results were obtained. 1. Three children were given a single oral dose of about 10 mg/kg of the drug when fasting, and its blood concentrations were determined. Blood concentrations were maximum at 30 approximately 60 minutes, i.e., 16.9 approximately 18.2 microgram/ml, and markedly low at 4 hours. 2. Thirty-six patients with the following diseases were tested with 23.1 approximately 44.4 mg/kg/day of the drug in 3 to 4 divided doses; 21 patients with lacunar tonsillitis, 2 with tonsillitis, 1 with scarlet fever, 4 with bronchitis and tonsillitis, 2 with cystitis, 4 with pyelonephritis, 1 with impetigo and 1 with probable Mycoplasma pneumonia. An overall efficacy rate in 35 patients excluding the last mentioned case was 91.4%, i.e., excellent in 20, good in 12 and poor in 3, and an eradication rate of the causative organisms was 88.9%. 3. Adverse reactions noted were diarrhea in 1 patient, eruption and diarrhea in 1 transient neutropenia in 1, eosinophilia in 3 and an elevation of GOT and GPT in 1. None were significant. 4. Taste and flavor of the drug was considered to be well palatable to children. 5. Taking into consideration of the results of fundamental evaluation of the drug, cefroxadine dry syrup is considered to be a potent new antibiotic in children, and the recommended dose will be 10 mg/kg 3 to 4 times a day.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of cefroxadine dry syrup in children (author's transl)]. 733 92

Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies on SY5555, a new oral penem antibiotics, were performed in pediatric infections and the following results were obtained. 1. Pharmacokinetics studies Pharmacokinetics of SY5555 was studied in 5 children (5y1m-10y11m) using doses of 5 mg/kg (n = 3) and 10 mg/kg (n = 2). The average peak plasma levels were 0.65 microgram/ml at 1 or 2 hours after administration of 5 mg/kg and 2.12 micrograms/ml at 1 or 2 hours after administration of 10 mg/kg, and the plasma half-lives were 0.81 and 1.08 hours, respectively. Average cumulative urinary recovery rates at 0-6 hours were 2.97 and 3.96%, respectively. 2. Clinical studies SY5555 was administered to 45 patients with various infectious diseases (2 with acute pharyngitis, 8 with acute tonsillitis, 4 with lacunar tonsillitis, 3 each with acute bronchitis, pneumonia and pertussis, 7 with scarlet fever, 3 with impetigo contagiosa, 6 with acute urinary tract infections, 2 with balanoposthitis and 1 each with cervical lymphadenitis, S.S.S.S., vulvitis and acute colitis) at daily doses between 3.4-10 mg/kg, t.i.d., for 3-14 days. Clinical responses were excellent in 27 patients, good in 15 patients, fair in 1 patient, and poor in 2 patients, and the efficacy rate was 93.3%. Causative organisms were examined and 39 strains of 11 species were identified. The eradication rate was 78.9%. Side effects were observed in 1 patient with diarrhea. An abnormal laboratory test value was observed in 1 patient with elevation of eosinophils. The above results suggest that SY5555 may be a very useful and safe drug for the treatment of pediatric infection.
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PMID:[Clinical studies on SY5555 in pediatric infections]. 769 45

Bacteriological, pharmacokinetic and clinical studies on SY5555 dry syrup (powder which is dissolved before use), a new penem antibiotic for oral use, were performed. The following results were obtained. 1. Antibacterial activities. MICs of SY5555, clavulanic acid/amoxicillin (CVA/AMPC), cefotiam (CTM), cefpodoxime (CPDX), cefaclor (CCL) and cefdinir (CFDN) were determined against clinically isolated Staphylococcus aureus, coagulase negative staphylococci, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Escherichia coli and Enterobacter cloacae at a dose of 10(6) CFU/ml. MICs of SY5555 against S. aureus, CNS, S. pneumoniae, S. pyogenes, H. influenzae, M. catarrhalis, E. coli and E. cloacae were 0.2, 0.2, 0.2, < or = 0.025, 0.78, 0.2, 0.78 and 3.13 micrograms/ml, respectively, showing excellent antibacterial effects on these pathogens. Although the effects of SY 5555 against H. influenzae and E. coli were slightly inferior to those of CPDX and CFDN, the drug showed the most excellent antibacterial effect on other strains as compared with the control drugs. 2. Absorption and excretion In this study, plasma concentrations and urinary recovery rates were examined after administration of SY5555 at doses of 5 and 10 mg/kg (potency) after meals. With both 5 and 10 mg/kg doses, peak plasma concentrations were reached 1 hour after administration, at 0.25-2.61 micrograms/ml (mean 1.47 micrograms/ml) and 1.08-2.17 micrograms/ml (mean 1.74 micrograms/ml), respectively. The plasma levels rapidly decreased to 0.06-0.19 micrograms/ml (0.12 micrograms/ml) and 0.0503-0.0637 micrograms/ml) after 6 hours. The half-lives 1.12 hours in the 5 mg/kg group and 1.0 hour in the 10 mg/kg group. The urinary recovery rates were determined in the first 8 hours after administration in the 5 mg/kg and 6 hours in the 10 mg/kg group, and the values were as low as 1.05-12.3% and 1.6-4.33%, respectively. 3. Clinical results The clinical responses were examined in a total of 73 cases including 4 acute pneumonia, 13 acute bronchitis, 11 tonsillitis, 3 pharyngitis, 12 scarlet fever, 2 pertussis, 6 urinary tract infection, 6 otitis media, 7 lymphadenitis, 2 staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome, 2 phlegmon, 4 impetigo and 1 purulent parotitis. The treatment was effective or better in 66 of 70 cases with an efficacy rate of 94.3% (3 undeterminable cases were excluded). Bacteriological effects were examined during the clinical course for detected or suspected pathogens found before administration of SY5555. The effects were determined in 50 cases including 7 cases of polymicrobacterial infections, 57 strains in total. Eight strains, however, persisted, hence the overall eradication rate was 86.0%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[Bacteriological, pharmacokinetic and clinical studies of SY5555 dry syrup in the pediatric field]. 769 46

Clinical studies were carried out on SY5555, a new oral penem, in the field of pediatrics. The results obtained are summarized below. The clinical efficacies were examined in a total 31 patients consisting of 4 patients with pharyngitis, 10 with purulent tonsillitis, 4 with scarlet fever, 7 with impetigo, one with balanitis, one with cellulitis and 4 with UTI. The clinical efficacy rate was 96.8% (30/31). Bacteriological efficacies of SY5555 were examined on identified pathogens including 7 strains of Staphylococcus aureus, 6 of Streptococcus pyogenes, 3 of Enterococcus faecalis, 3 of Haemophilus influenzae, one of Escherichia coli and one of Citrobacter freundii. The bacteriological eradication rate was 81.0%. As for side effects, loose stool in one patient was noted. Abnormal laboratory findings test results included eosinophilia in 2 patients, eosinophilia and elevation of serum transaminase in one patient, and thrombocytosis in another.
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PMID:[Bacteriological and clinical studies of SY5555 in pediatric field]. 774 8

A clinical study was performed on SY5555, a newly developed penem antibiotic, in children. SY5555 was given orally to 14 patients at 19-29 mg/kg/day in 3 doses for 4 to 12 days. Clinical evaluations were made on the 14 patients including 4 with pharyngitis, 7 with tonsillitis, one with urinary tract infection, and 2 with impetigo. Overall clinical effects were excellent in 2, good in 12, with an efficacy rate of 100%. Causative organisms (Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes) were all eradicated. As to adverse reactions, mild diarrhea was observed in 4 patients. These data suggest that SY5555 is a useful oral antibiotic for the treatment of bacterial infections in children.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of a new oral penem, SY5555, in infants and children]. 774 9

SY5555 dry syrup (powder to be dissolved before use) was clinically used in pediatric patients. The following results were obtained: 1. The subjects were 6 pediatric patients including 1 case each with pharyngitis, tonsillitis, lacunar tonsillitis and impetigo contagiosa and 2 cases with scarlet fever. The drug was administered at a daily dose of 14.5-29.0 mg/kg divided into 3 dosages. The clinical results were excellent in 5 cases and good in 1 case with an efficacy rate of 100%. 2. Identified bacteria included 3 strains of Haemophilus influenzae, 2 strains of Streptococcus pyogenes and 1 strain of Staphylococcus aureus. Five strains were eradicated but 1 strain still remained with an bacteriological eradication rate of 83.3%. 3. No side effects were observed throughout the study period. In laboratory test results, elevated eosinophil count was observed in only 1 case. 4. Patients' compliance was good in general. 5. Based on the results mentioned above, the drug was considered to be a useful new oral antibiotic in the pediatric field.
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PMID:[Clinical study of SY5555 dry syrup in the pediatric field]. 774 10


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