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Query: UMLS:C0040425 (tonsillitis)
 1,594 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A young, previously healthy woman developed bilateral exudative tonsillitis that was associated with severe systemic symptoms. This was followed by evidence of multisystem disease with acute abdominal pain, raised liver enzyme levels, respiratory difficulty, increasing drowsiness and multiple vesicular skin lesions. Herpes simplex virus type-1 was isolated from skin lesions and a throat swab and herpes simplex virus type-1 antigen was detected in a liver biopsy sample. She recovered rapidly without any sequelae after treatment with intravenously administered acyclovir.
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PMID:Disseminated herpes simplex virus infection in an apparently immunocompetent woman. 230 19

An one-year examination of 315 children shows that under the diagnosis of follicular tonsillitis or lacunar tonsillitis many aetiological different diseases are summarized. More frequently than previously assumed adeno-, respiratory syncytial-, influenza A-, entero-, herpes simplex- and probably other viruses are the cause. It is shown to what extent the critical general evaluation also of discrete clinical data enables a differentiation. The usual general penicillin therapy of the patients with tonsillitis can be dispensed with.
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PMID:[What hides behind the diagnoses angina follicularis and lacunaris? A contribution to the differentiation of tonsillitis]. 269 5

A prospective 1-year study of acute febrile exudative tonsillitis in 110 children was carried out. Viral infection was associated with 42% of the cases, beta-hemolytic streptococci with 31% (12% group A), Mycoplasma pneumoniae with 5%, and unknown cause with 35%. More than one agent was implicated in 14% of the cases. Adenovirus was the viral agent most frequently (19%) recorded. Other viruses involved were Epstein-Barr virus, parainfluenza, influenza A, herpes simplex, and respiratory syncytial viruses. The responsible agent was found by rapid viral antigen detection in 20% of all cases and by rapid test for group A streptococcal antigen detection in 10%. Age was the most important factor in predicting the causative agent. Viral tonsillitis was most common in children younger than 3 years of age and group A beta-hemolytic streptococci tonsillitis in children 6 years of age or more. Clinical analysis of the illness, WBC count, and ESR did not reveal differences that could help in differentiating bacterial from viral tonsillitis. All patients were treated with a regimen of oral penicillin. Fever associated with group A beta-hemolytic streptococci tonsillitis responded to penicillin therapy significantly more rapidly than fever associated with viral infections. These observations demonstrate the prominent role of viruses in the etiology of febrile exudative tonsillitis, especially in young children, and reinforce the benefit of rapid tests before antibiotic therapy is started.
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PMID:Febrile exudative tonsillitis: viral or streptococcal? 360 20

Adenovirus antigen was detected by radioimmunoassay in the nasopharyngeal specimens of 30 of 74 children with febrile exudative tonsillitis. In the other 44 children, the cause of tonsillitis was identified in 16 (beta-hemolytic streptococci or Epstein-Barr, parainfluenza, or herpes simplex viruses). The clinical picture of adenoviral tonsillitis was difficult to differentiate from that of streptococcal disease; 20 of the patients had originally been given antibiotics. In 68% of patients without complications, the serum concentration of C-reactive protein was less than 20 mg/L, suggesting a viral disease. No other hematologic test was found helpful in identifying the adenoviral tonsillitis. The rapid detection of adenovirus antigen permitted withdrawal of unnecessary and ineffective antibiotic treatment in most patients.
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PMID:Rapid diagnosis of adenoviral tonsillitis: a prospective clinical study. 632 57

Dick, Elliot C. (University of Wisconsin, Madison). Chimpanzee kidney tissue cultures for growth and isolation of viruses. J. Bacteriol. 86:573-576. 1963.-Chimpanzee kidney tissue cultures were employed for propagation of several laboratory strains of viruses that commonly inhabit the respiratory and intestinal tracts, or both, and for isolation of viruses from throat washings of persons with common colds and tonsillitis-pharyngitis. This tissue culture host was found to support the growth of approximately the same viruses as do Rhesus monkey kidney tissue cultures, with two exceptions: (i) chimpanzee kidney tissue culture was much more susceptible to herpes simplex infection, and (ii) cytopathic effects were not produced by either "M" or "H" strains of muriviruses (common cold viruses). The presence of adventitious viruses in some uninoculated chimpanzee kidney tissue cultures is suspected.
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PMID:CHIMPANZEE KIDNEY TISSUE CULTURES FOR GROWTH AND ISOLATION OF VIRUSES. 1406 39

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) causes life-threatening infections in immunocompromised patients such as transplant recipients and patients with hematologic malignancies. We herein describe the case of a patient with chronic myeloid leukemia blastic transformation who developed severe herpetic tonsillitis complicated by tonsillar abscess formation. Abscess formation was determined by computed tomography, whereas tonsillitis due to HSV was confirmed by pathologic and immunohistochemical examinations of the tonsillar biopsy. For molecular confirmation, HSV DNA was amplified by LightCycler PCR and type (HSV-1) determined by melting point analysis. The patient responded promptly to antiviral treatment and there were no signs of recurrent infection at the follow-up. To our knowledge, this case is unique for being the first case of tonsillar abscess formation due to HSV-1, also emphasizing the importance of herpetic infections in the differential diagnosis of oropharyngeal small-sized lesions in the immunocompromised patient population.
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PMID:Tonsillar abscess formation due to herpes simplex type-1 in a severely immunocompromised stem cell transplant patient with chronic myeloid leukemia. 1691 76

Atypical lymphocytosis due to infections is classically seen in viral and chronic bacterial infections. A four year old boy with acute streptococcal infection presented at Al-Nahdha Hospital, Muscat, Oman, with follicular tonsillitis and bilateral cervical lymphadenitis. The blood film showed 33% atypical lymphocytes. Serologically, immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies were positive for cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus, and Epstein Barr virus, but the patient responded dramatically to antibiotics.
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PMID:An unusual case of atypical lymphocytosis. 2174 84

Infections are considered one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and occasionally can trigger a catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). We describe a 22-year-old SLE patient with lupus nephritis under immunosuppressant therapy and asymptomatic carrier of antiphospholipid antibodies, who was admitted with tonsillitis and acute hepatitis, developing multiorgan failure in a few hours. Postmortem examination revealed hepatic necrosis, tonsillitis, pharyngitis and uterine cervicitis caused by herpes simplex virus (HSV) together with microthrombosis in lungs and glomerular arterioles, suggesting the diagnosis of fulminant HSV disseminated infection and catastrophic APS.
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PMID:Catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome triggered by fulminant disseminated herpes simplex infection in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus. 2293 Feb 5

The finding of herpetic tonsillitis is rare. Tonsillectomies are usually done for children with recurrent chronic tonsillitis, while viral throat infections are generally self-limiting. We present two cases: A 5 year-old girl, with atypical hemolytic anemia managed with Eculizumab, who presented with a pharyngeal infection and tonsillar enlargement that did not respond to intravenous antibiotics or antifungal therapies; and a 30 year-old man who presented with upper airway obstruction and fever; bilateral tonsillectomies were performed. Histopathological examination showed a necrotizing tonsillitis with numerous ground-glass intranuclear inclusions, characteristic of herpes viral infection, further confirmed by Herpes simplex virus in situ hybridization. Both patients were managed by intravenous Acyclovir, with dramatic improvement.
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PMID:Acute necrotizing herpetic tonsillitis: a report of two cases. 2433 12

We here present the case of a 22-year-old female of Suriname ethnicity with ulcerative colitis who received treatment with mercaptopurine and infliximab. She presented herself with a severe necrotizing tonsillitis due to herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1). Combination therapy consisting of immunomodulators and anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) agents is increasingly being used. Anti-TNF therapy is associated with an increased risk of developing serious infections, and especially patients receiving combination treatment with thiopurines are at an increased risk. We here show that HSV infections can cause a severe tonsillitis in immunocompromised patients. Early recognition is essential when there is no improvement with initial antibiotic therapy within the first 24 to 72 h. HSV infections should be in the differential diagnosis of immunocompromised patients presenting with a necrotizing tonsillitis and can be confirmed by polymerase chain reaction. Early treatment with antiviral agents should be considered especially if antibiotic treatment fails in such patients.
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PMID:Herpes simplex induced necrotizing tonsillitis in an immunocompromised patient with ulcerative colitis. 2688 Nov 93


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