Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0040425 (tonsillitis)
 1,594 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The course of disease of a patient with membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis and partial lipodystrophy is described. The case is further characterized by a deficiency of C3 and C3- activator, by normal values of C4, by evidence of the nephritogenic factor, by raised fibrin degradation products and by an unselective proteinuria. The course of the glomerulonephritis runs parallel to a pronounced susceptibility to infection (at first varicella, tonsillitis and measles, later pneumonia, meningitis, encephalitis and hepatitis). On account of a nephrotic syndrome and an initative impairment of the renal function, a cytostatic treatment was begun, which although raising the C3 level did not influence the further course of the disease. As the patient has a healthy identical twin sister without lipodystrophy, who shows no reduction in C3 and no nephritogenic factor, this case proves that these diseases are acquired and not genetically determined.
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PMID:Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis with partial lipodystrophy: discordant occurrence in identical twins. 12 86

Post-streptococcal complications are known to be common among Ethiopian children. Little is known, however, about the epidemiology of beta-haemolytic streptococci in Ethiopia. A total of 816 children were studied during a one-year period: 24 cases of acute rheumatic fever (ARF), 44 chronic rheumatic heart disease (CRHD), 44 acute post streptococcal glomerulonephritis (APSGN), 143 tonsillitis, 55 impetigo, and 506 were apparently healthy children. Both ARF and APSGN occurred throughout the year with two peaks during the rainy and cold seasons. The female:male ratio among ARF patients was 1.4:1 and 1:1.9 among APSGN. The monthly carrier rate of beta-haemolytic streptococci group A varied from 7.5-39%, average being 17%. T type 2 was the most frequent serotype. Marked seasonal fluctuations were noted in the distribution of serogroups among apparently healthy children. Beta-haemolytic streptococci group A dominated during the hot and humid months of February-May. Strains were susceptible to commonly used antibiotics, except for tetracycline.
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PMID:A one-year study of streptococcal infections and their complications among Ethiopian children. 139 12

A molecular epidemiology analysis was performed with over 440 clinical isolates of Streptococcus pyogenes obtained from 11 different countries in order to determine the frequency of occurrence of the type A streptococcal exotoxin (erythrogenic toxin) gene (speA) among group A strains. The colony hybridization technique employing a specific internal fragment of the speA gene was used for initial screening, and all positive results were further confirmed by the Southern hybridization technique. Among over 300 general strains obtained from patients with a variety of diseases, except scarlet fever (such as tonsillitis, impetigo, cellulitis, pyoderma, abscess, rheumatic fever, and glomerulonephritis), 15% were found to contain the speA gene. Among a group of 146 strains obtained from individuals described as having scarlet fever, 45% were shown to contain the speA gene. Further analysis of the data indicated that strains with certain M- or T-type surface antigens showed a higher (such as M and T types 1 and 3/13) or lower (such as M2, M12, T4, T5, and T28) tendency to contain the speA gene. No correlation was found between speA content of a strain and the ability to cause a specific disease, although strains possessing the speA gene were more likely to be associated with scarlet fever and rheumatic fever than with other types of disease.
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PMID:Molecular epidemiologic analysis of the type A streptococcal exotoxin (erythrogenic toxin) gene (speA) in clinical Streptococcus pyogenes strains. 255 12

'Upper limits of normal' antistreptolysin-O (ASO) titres were determined in various age groups in Saudi Arabia using the conventional haemolysin and the newer, passive agglutination (Blue-ASO) tests. The upper limit of normal values were found to vary with age, being the highest (166 Todd units or 1:320) among the school age children. Serum samples from 744 patients with various clinical manifestations associated with streptococcal infections such as rheumatic fever, glomerulonephritis, tonsillitis, rheumatoid arthritis and polyarthritis were tested by both methods, with the geometric mean titres (GMT) being determined in each age group. In case of school age children with suspected rheumatic fever, and found positive by the tests, a GMT of 458 Todd units (1:1080) was obtained--much higher than the ASO levels detected in positives with glomerulonephritis or tonsillitis. Apart from its relative simplicity, rapidity and ease of performance, the Blue-ASO test was able to detect positivity in 15% of sera from patients of various age groups with suspected rheumatic fever, polyarthritis and tonsillitis who exhibited insignificant levels of ASO by the haemolysin test.
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PMID:Tests for streptolysin-O antibodies in health and suspected streptococcal infections in Saudi Arabia. 358 90

The dynamics in schoolchildren's health status varies in time, as the incidence of some chronic diseases decreases and that of the others increases. As a result, the health status of schoolchildren has deteriorated due to a reduction in the number of healthy children and an increase in the number of chronic patients in the past 30 years. Nervous, immune (allergic), and blood diseases have become frequent. Chronic ENT diseases have been encountered more infrequently due to the noticeable reduction in the incidence rates of tonsillitis and otitis. The positive trend is that schoolchildren have no rheumatism, infective allergic myocarditis, chronic pneumonia and diffuse glomerulonephritis and that the prevalence of locomotor disorders, renal and metabolic (obesity) diseases is low. During school time, the health status of children slightly improves due to the lower incidence rates of chronic diseases and the higher proportion of healthy children, but it has remained still worse than it was 30 years ago. The formation of chronic diseases has been found to occur in health group II children, who have morphological and functional changes, in 50% of cases from the first to the sixth forms and in 20% of cases from the seventh to the tenth forms. The present-day children are characterized by a combination of abnormalities and functional disturbances. This all require active and timely prophylactic measures to block chronization at the premorbid stage. Lifestyle (to keep the hygienic school regime, to do exercises and to go in for sports), sociohygienic conditions and genetic factors have profound effects on the health status.
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PMID:[The health status dynamics of schoolchildren and the importance of biomedical factors in its development]. 768 98

Recurrent group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus (GABHS) pharyngotonsillitis related to penicillin failure presents a serious clinical problem. Failure to eradicate streptococci from patients can occasionally lead to rheumatic fever and rarely to glomerulonephritis. beta-lactamase-producing strains of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria in inflamed tonsils have been associated with increased failure rates of penicillins in the eradication of these infections. These organisms include Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus influenzae and H parainfluenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Fusobacterium sp, and pigmented Prevotella and Porphyromonas spp. The indirect pathogenicity of these organisms is apparent in their ability not only to survive penicillin therapy but also to protect penicillin-susceptible pathogens from that drug. These organisms have demonstrated the ability to protect GABHS in vitro and in vivo from penicillin. Numerous reports have described the successful therapy of recurrent GABHS tonsillitis with antimicrobials directed at both GABHS and the beta-lactamase-producing organisms.
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PMID:Penicillin failure and copathogenicity in streptococcal pharyngotonsillitis. 830 10

Certain variants of streptokinase from group A streptococci have been associated with acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (APSGN). The streptokinase gene (ska) has previously been grouped into nine different polymorphic genotypes of which ska1, ska2, ska6, and ska9 were identified in group A streptococci associated with clinical and experimental APSGN. A total of 53 group A streptococci isolated from Ethiopian children: five from acute rheumatic fever, 18 from APSGN, ten each from tonsillitis, impetigo and healthy carriers, were analyzed for ska gene polymorphism using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction enzyme analysis. The frequency of the nephritis-associated streptokinase genotypes was 83% among the APSGN isolates and 74% in the non-ASPGN isolates. ska2 was the most commonly found genotype with a frequency of 64% among all isolates, 66% among the APSGN isolates, and 63% among the non-APSGN isolates. ska1 was identified in 13% among all isolates and 17% among the APSGN isolates. Seventeen non-APSGN isolates from Scandinavian countries were studied for comparison and all carried either ska1 or ska2. The other nephritis-associated ska6 and ska9 were not detected among the 53 Ethiopian isolates. ska1 was exclusively associated with serum opacity reaction (SOR) producers. ska2 was evenly distributed among SOR-positive and SOR-negative isolates. The other genotypes were detected only among SOR-negative strains. The findings of the present study showed an even distribution of the nephritis-associated streptokinase gene among group A streptococcal isolates with no correlation to disease pattern. Thus additional factors must also be operative in the pathogenesis of APSGN.
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PMID:Streptokinase gene polymorphism in group A streptococci isolated from Ethiopian children with various disease manifestations. 830 56

Beta-hemolytic streptococci are known to bind several mammalian proteins, which are presumed to be important in pathogenicity. The distribution of such binding structures was examined for mouse albumin, human serum IgA, human IgG, human fibrinogen, and human plasminogen. A total of 218 group A beta-hemolytic streptococci (GAS) were studied: 5 isolates from children with acute rheumatic fever (ARF), 18 from acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (APSGN), 57 from tonsillitis, 52 from skin infections, and 86 from healthy carriers. Sixty-eight Streptococcus equisimilis and 20 group G streptococci were also included. Most of the S. equisimilis (60/68) and group G (14/20) were obtained from apparently healthy carriers. The results were evaluated with respect to T type, serum opacity reaction (SOR), site of isolation, and disease type. No direct correlation was detected between the protein-binding structures studied. There was no apparent correlation between any particular protein-binding structure and specific T type. Albumin-binding and IgA-binding activities were inversely correlated among skin and nephritis GAS isolates. A strong correlation was demonstrated between IgA-binding activity and SOR production, while albumin-binding activity correlated with SOR-negative strains. Albumin-binding levels in isolates from ARF, APSGN and tonsillitis were significantly higher than in isolates from healthy carriers (P < 0.001). A higher albumin-binding capacity was shown in skin isolates from APSGN than in isolates from impetigo (P < 0.001).
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PMID:Distribution of presumptive pathogenicity factors among beta-hemolytic streptococci isolated from Ethiopia. 832 39

Cellular immune mechanisms are important in the pathogenesis of acute glomerulonephritis, as underlined by recent demonstrations of cytokine activity in the urine and in the renal tissue of some of these patients. Therefore, we decided to study circulating levels of IL-6, TNF alpha and PDGF measured by ELISA in 12 patients with acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (PSGN) on admission, at the time of discharge from the hospital, 45 days and 3 months later. We also studied 9 patients with acute streptococcal pharyngitis without nephritis, during acute infection, 8 and 21 days later and 20 normal children (control group). On admission, patients with PSGN had increased IL-6 levels (12.4 +/- 4 pg/ml vs control = 2.57 +/- 0.34 pg/ml, p < 0.05) which returned to normal at the time of discharge from the hospital, 8 to 17 days later. TNF alpha was also elevated in the acute phase (8.11 +/- 1.19 pg/ml vs 3.74 +/- 1.4 pg/ml in controls, p < 0.005) but significant individual variation was detected in serial determinations. Levels of PDGF were always normal. In acute streptococcal tonsillitis without nephritis, IL-6 and TNF alpha were increased at the time of active infection, but levels of IL-6 fell to the normal range after 1 week while the increase observed in association with PSGN develops 2 to 3 weeks after infection and followed the clinical course of the disease.
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PMID:Circulating levels of cytokines in poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis. 902 Dec 34

The collection of moderate phages of S. pyogenes, group A, had been created earlier. As shown in this work, group A streptococcal cultures isolated from patients with rheumatism, glomerulonephritis and tonsillitis exhibited different sensitivity to the phages of this collection: the cultures were lyzed by phages of groups II and III in rheumatism, group III in tonsillitis and group I in glomerulonephritis. The study revealed that lysogeny was widely spread among S. pyogenes strains isolated from patients with different diseases under study. Most frequently occurred among cultures isolated from tonsillitis patients. In this disease only phage-resistant streptococcal cultures proved to be lysogenic. Lysogeny was found among both phage-sensitive and phage-resistant cultures in rheumatism and especially in glomerulonephritis.
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PMID:[The phage sensitivity and lysogeny of cultures of Streptococcus pyogenes group A isolated in different streptococcal infections]. 908 35


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