Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0040425 (tonsillitis)
 1,594 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

83 in-patients, age 3 months to 12 years, with tonsillitis, otitis, bronchitis and pneumonia were treated with a new galenic preparation of phenoxymethylpenicillin V potassium (Star-Pen Trockensirus SANABO). The drug was very well tolerated, no skin-rash was observed, no problems occurred with the oral administration. Diarrhea, not infrequent in oral penicillin therapy, was -- with one exception -- not noticed in patients above one year of age.
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PMID:[Therapy of bacterial infections in infancy and childhood (author's transl)]. 11 4

Ten-day, double-blind, randomized, parallel treatment regimens of loracarbef (200 mg capsule twice daily or 15 mg/kg/day oral suspension in two divided doses up to a maximum of 375 mg/day; n = 169) and penicillin V (250 mg capsule four times daily or 20 mg/kg/day suspension in four divided doses up to a maximum of 500 mg/day; n = 175) were compared in the treatment of group A beta-haemolytic streptococcal (GABHS) pharyngitis and tonsillitis. Post-therapy clinical responses were similar for evaluable patients in both treatment groups: 97.4% of the loracarbef group (101/115 patients cured and 11/115 improved) and 96.0% of the penicillin group (101/124 patients cured and 18/124 improved). A statistically significant difference in the pathogen elimination rate was noted between treatment groups: post-therapy throat cultures were negative for GABHS in 94.8% (109/115) of loracarbef-treated patients compared with 87.1% (108/124) of penicillin-treated patients (p = 0.040). Loracarbef and penicillin V were comparable in terms of safety. Headache and nausea/vomiting were the most common events reported during therapy (nausea/vomiting were slightly less common in the loracarbef group). Three patients in each group were discontinued from the study due to drug-related adverse events; one due to rash in the loracarbef group and one due to rash and one due to vomiting in the penicillin group. These data support the conclusion that loracarbef twice daily is more effective in eradicating GABHS than penicillin V four times daily, and the two drugs are comparable in safety and clinical efficacy in the treatment of GABHS pharyngitis and tonsillitis.
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PMID:Loracarbef versus penicillin V in the treatment of streptococcal pharyngitis and tonsillitis. 142 89

Loracarbef, a member of the carbacephem class of beta-lactam antibiotics, is a potent anti-bacterial agent. In a double-blind, randomized clinical trial to assess the efficacy and safety of loracarbef in the treatment of streptococcal pharyngitis and tonsillitis, 107 adult patients were treated with loracarbef (200 mg capsules twice a day or 15 mg/kg/day suspension) and 111 patients were treated with penicillin VK (250 mg capsules four times a day or 20 mg/kg/day suspension) for 10 days. In the loracarbef treatment group, 96.6% of the evaluable patients had a favorable clinical response 3-5 days after therapy, a result that compared favorably with the 93.9% response rate achieved in the penicillin group. The clinical failure/relapse rates were 3.4% for loracarbef-treated patients and 6.1% for patients receiving penicillin. Bacteriologic response data approximated the clinical results, with a successful response in 89.9% of the loracarbef-treated patients and 91.5% of the penicillin recipients. Two (1.9%) loracarbef-treated patients with rash and one (0.9%) penicillin-treated patient with diarrhea discontinued the study early because of these adverse events. The incidence of adverse events was comparable in the two treatment groups except for increased cough, which was reported by 3.7% of the loracarbef-treated patients and none of the penicillin recipients. These data support the conclusion that loracarbef is comparable to penicillin VK in the treatment of streptococcal pharyngitis and tonsillitis in adults.
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PMID:Loracarbef versus penicillin VK in the treatment of streptococcal pharyngitis and tonsillitis in an adult population. 162 50

It was previously found that Arcanobacterium haemolyticum, which can cause tonsillitis with exanthema, is not eradicated from the pharynx by administration of phenoxymethylpenicillin, despite minimum inhibitory concentration values of 0.015-1.0 micrograms/ml. Therefore, recent clinical isolates were studied for penicillin tolerance by using a disk diffusion screening test and a pour plate assay. Macrobroth dilution minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations and antibiotic kill kinetics were determined for 4 isolates. Tolerance was present in 38 of 40 clinical isolates with the disk diffusion assay. With the pour plate assay all 40 isolates were tolerant, 34 of them highly tolerant. The presence of the tolerant phenotype was confirmed by macrobroth dilution assays. It is concluded that A. haemolyticum is often penicillin-tolerant, suggesting that phenoxymethylpenicillin administration would be ineffective in eradicating A. haemolyticum from the pharynx.
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PMID:Penicillin tolerance in Arcanobacterium haemolyticum. 210 60

A retrospective review of charts for 650 children who had lumbar puncture for suspected meningitis was undertaken to determine the characteristics of patients with and without meningitis, identify other conditions suggesting meningitis, and evaluate the predictive value of signs and symptoms of meningitis. The incidence of positive lumbar punctures increased with patient age. Younger infants did not present with classical features of meningitis. Bulging fontanel, lethargy, and irritability were nonspecific symptoms. Vomiting and headache, although not specific, proved to be more sensitive indicators of meningeal infection. Most patients with meningitis (75%) had at least one sign of meningeal irritation, but so did 25% of patients without meningitis. Brudzinski's sign was not specific. In contrast, nuchal rigidity and Kernig's sign had high predictive value. Up to age five, the diseases most often suggesting meningitis were right-sided pneumonia, gastroenteritis, otitis, tonsillitis, exanthema subitum, and urinary tract infections. Of 171 patients with febrile convulsion, one (0.5%) had bacterial meningitis and four had aseptic meningitis.
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PMID:Diseases that mimic meningitis. Analysis of 650 lumbar punctures. 220 11

Dry syrup and tablet of newly developed cefpodoxime proxetil (CS-807, CPDX-PR) was investigated in the departments of pediatrics of 17 institutes and their related hospitals. 1. Pharmacokinetics of CPDX-PR in pediatrics were investigated. Peak blood levels of CPDX at dose levels of 3 mg/kg and 6 mg/kg were 2.24 +/- 0.21 and 4.68 +/- 0.54 micrograms/ml, respectively, in fasting and 1.65 +/- 0.07 and 3.71 +/- 0.41 micrograms/ml, respectively, after meal. Urinary recovery rates in 6 hours were 31.2 +/- 2.2% of dose in average. 2. Clinical efficacies of CPDX-PR on various infectious diseases were studied in 748 cases. Clinical efficacy rate in 499 cases with causative bacteria isolated was 94.6%: efficacy rates for individual infections were 96.8% (120/124) for tonsillitis, 96.0% (96/100) for urinary tract infection, 93.5% (58/62) for pneumonia, 92.4% (61/66) for impetigo, 100% (32/32) for scarler fever and 93.2% for pharyngitis or laryngitis. Bacteriological eradication rate for Gram-positive organisms was 91.0% (244/268); and for Gram-negative organisms, 89.7% (210/234). The clinical efficacy rate for cases which were non-responsive to previous antibiotic therapy was 88.1% (74/84). 3. Side effects and clinical laboratory findings were investigated in 779 cases. Two each of vomiting, loose stool and rash, 10 of diarrhea and 1 of diarrhea associated with candidiasis were reported, but no serious side effects were noted. There was no serious laboratory test abnormality except slight elevations of eosinophile, platelet, transaminase or prolongation of prothrombin time, totalling 34 occurrences.
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PMID:[Overall clinical evaluation of cefpodoxime proxetil against infections in pediatric fields]. 268 63

The new antibiotic, sulbactam/ampicillin (SBT/ABPC) was administered to 25 children. The results obtained are summarized as follows. 1. In 5 cases of children administered with SBT/ABPC (30 mg/kg) by intravenous drip infusion for 30 minutes, the mean values of T 1/2 (beta) were 0.94 hour (SBT) and 0.86 hour (ABPC) and the mean 6.5 hour urinary excretion rates were 64.2% and 42.9%, respectively. 2. The antibiotic was administered to a total of 25 patients with bronchopneumonia, pneumonia, bronchitis, cervical lymphadenitis, tonsillitis, streptococcal infection, urinary tract infection, felon, periappendicular abscess, sepsis or purulent meningitis. Response to the treatment were excellent in 17 cases, good in 7, fair in 1, and poor in none. The efficacy rate was 96%. From our results, this drug appears to be particularly effective against bronchopneumonia, bronchitis and urinary tract infection. 3. Eruption occurred in 1 of 25 patients and elevation of eosinophil, GOT/GPT, platelet in 3 and descent of WBC in 1 were observed, but these were transient. These results showed that SBT/ABPC is a drug which can be safely used in the pediatric field as well as for adults.
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PMID:[Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies on sulbactam/ampicillin in the pediatric field]. 274 48

We have carried out laboratory and clinical studies on sulbactam/ampicillin (SBT/ABPC). The results are summarized as follows. SBT/ABPC was given by 30-minute drip infusion to 1 child at a single dose of 15 mg/kg and to 2 children at a single dose of 30 mg/kg. After the 30-minute drip infusion, peak serum levels of ABPC(SBT) obtained for the 2 dose levels were 18.0 micrograms/ml (12.4 micrograms/ml) for the former dose level and 81.0 micrograms/ml (53.7 micrograms/ml) and 300 micrograms/ml (200 micrograms/ml) for the latter at the end of injection, and half-lives were 0.84 hour (0.82 hour) for the former and 0.96 hour (1.44 hours) and 0.93 hour (1.19 hours) for the latter. In another trial, SBT/ABPC was given to 1 child at a single dose of 60 mg/kg. After the 30-minute drip infusion, peak serum level of ABPC (SBT) was 82.3 micrograms/ml (45.9 micrograms/ml), and half-life was 1.20 hours (1.36 hours). The urinary excretion rates of ABPC (SBT) were 51.3% (49.5%), 55.8 +/- 10.4% (65.3 +/- 9.1%), 74.0% (76.1%) up to 6 hours after the 30-minute drip infusion of 15 mg/kg, 30 mg/kg and 60 mg/kg, respectively. Treatment with SBT/ABPC was made in 21 cases of pediatric bacterial infections: 8 cases of tonsillitis, 4 cases of bronchitis, 3 cases of pneumonia and 1 case each of pharyngitis, peritonsillar abscess, lymphadenitis, impetigo, abscess and urinary tract infection. Results obtained were excellent in 14 cases, good in 7 cases. No significant side effect due to the drug was observed in any cases except 1 case of fever and rash.
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PMID:[Laboratory and clinical studies of sulbactam/ampicillin in pediatric field]. 274 49

The usefulness of sulbactam/ampicillin (SBT/ABPC) in the treatment of pediatric infections was evaluated. 1. Twenty pediatric patients with infection were treated with SBT/ABPC and an intravenous dosage of 27.8-47.4 mg/kg, 3 to 4 times a day. Clinical efficacies in 18 patients excluding 2 patients of Mycoplasma pneumonia (9 cases of pneumonia, 6 urinary tract infection, 1 tonsillitis, 1 maxillary sinusitis and 1 osteomyelitis) were judged to be excellent in 13 patients and good in 5. There was no case of failure. 2. Bacteriological efficacies against 16 strains (1 Staphylococcus aureus, 3 Enterococcus faecalis, 4 Haemophilus influenzae, 2 Haemophilus parainfluenzae, 5 Escherichia coli and 1 Serratia sp.) isolated from 13 of the 18 patients were rated as "eradicated" for 13 strains, "decreased" for 1 and "unchanged" for 2 with an eradication rate of 81.3%. Of 13 strains eradicated, 3 were those with high beta-lactamase productivity. 3. Rash as a side effect developed in 1 patient and eosinophilia and elevated GOT and GPT were observed in 7 patients but none of them were serious. 4. Blood levels of the drug following an intravenous dose of 30 mg/kg were determined in 2 pediatric patients. Blood levels of SBT and ABPC at 30 minutes after intravenous administration were 19.0 and 29.2 micrograms/ml in one patient and 21.0 and 31.6 micrograms/ml in another, respectively, and those at 4 hours were 0.48 and 0.62 microgram/ml in one patient and 0.59 and 0.89 microgram/ml in another, respectively. The half-lives of SBT were 0.67 and 0.70 hour and those of ABPC were 0.64 and 0.69 hour in the 2 patients, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Bacteriological, pharmacokinetic and clinical studies of sulbactam/ampicillin in the pediatric field]. 274 51

BRL 25000 granules, a formulation of amoxicillin (AMPC) and the beta-lactamase inhibitor clavulanic acid (CVA) in a ratio of 2 to 1, was studied clinically and bacteriologically in pediatric infections. The in vitro antibacterial activity of BRL 25000 was superior to AMPC against beta-lactamase producing strains. The pharmacokinetics of the BRL 25000 granule were studied following oral administration to a 6 years old female and 9 years old male in the fasting state at dose levels of 10 mg/kg and 16.1 mg/kg, respectively. In the case of the female dosed at 10 mg/kg, the peak serum concentrations were found to be 6.38 micrograms/ml for AMPC and 1.83 micrograms/ml for CVA at 1 hour following administration. The elimination half-life of AMPC was 0.86 hour and that of CVA was 0.67 hour. The 4-hour urinary recovery was 61.89% for AMPC and 17.92% for CVA. In the male receiving 16.1 mg/kg, the peak concentrations were 2.55 micrograms/ml for AMPC at 3 hours following administration and 1.46 micrograms/ml for CVA at 1.5 hours following administration. The elimination half-life of AMPC was 1.59 hours and that of CVA was 1.19 hours. The 6-hour urinary recovery was 44.19% for AMPC and 30.05% for CVA. In clinical studies, the BRL 25000 granule was administered to 36 infants with upper respiratory tract infections, mainly tonsillitis, urinary tract infections etc. Good clinical efficacy was obtained in 33/36 cases (91.7%). Diarrhea and rash were occasionally noted side effects but were not severe. From the above results, it can be concluded that the BRL 25000 granule is a suitable and effective drug for use in the treatment of pediatric infections.
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PMID:[Clinical study of BRL 25000 (clavulanic acid-amoxicillin) granules in pediatric infections]. 384 18


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